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Pembuatan Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Sagu Dengan Modifikator Asam Sitrat Dan Filler Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Dewi Maya Sari; Syelvia Putri Utami; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Bioplastic is one of the organic plastic that has been used as an eco-friendly food packagings whether has ability to degraded by nature. Sago starch has a potential to become raw material for bioplastics manufactured, and adding a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) aims to increase the tensile strength. The purposes of this research are determine the effect of sago starch, citric acid, CMC and glycerol of the characteristics bioplastics. Bioplastics product was characterized by few tests such as tensile strength (tensile strenght), elongation (elongation at break), and biodegradation. The analysis showed that filler CMC, plasticizer glycerol, and citric acid give an impact to mechanical properties of bioplastic. The best composition is bioplastic with (CMC 25% b/b, 25% b/b glycerol and 3% citric acid b/b) which is tensile strength of 8.23 MPa, elongation of 24,20%, and biodegradation 59,01%. Keyword: Bioplastic, filler, plasticizer, cross-linking agent, tensile strength
Preparasi Pelepah Sawit Dengan Asam Oksalat Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Wood Plastic Composite Andreas Sahat Parsaulian; Bahruddin Bahruddin; Zuchra Helwani
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 1 (2015): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Reduced forest makes the availability of woods as the construction material on the wane. Oil palm frond has a potential to use to decrease utilization of woods directly. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxalic acid and thermal pretreatment to morphology and properties of oil palm frond based wood plastic composite (WPC). The temperature of pretreatment were varied at 100oC, 120oC, and 140oC with submersion time 15 minutes. The mass ratio of oil palm frond sized 100 – 200 mesh as filler and polypropylene as a matrix is 30:70. 2% paraffin as plasticizer and 5% maleic anhydride polypropylene as compatibilizer were use as an additive. WPC samples were prepared using internal mixer Labo Plastomill at temperature 180oC and rotor speed 80 rpm. Testing experiments were prepared to mechanical testing consist of tensile and flexural strength and physical testing consist of density, water absorption, and swelling thickness. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used as a morphology testing. The result showed that oxalic acid pretreatment significantly gives an effect to mechanical and physical properties. The best WPC in this study was treated in the 120oC using oxalic acid based on tensile strength with 23.785 MPa, flexural strength 43.2 MPa, density 0.975 gr/cm3, water absorption 1.44%, and swelling thickness 0.17%.Keywords: pretreatment, oil palm frond, wood plastic composite
Pengaruh Kadar Coupling Agent Maleated Natural Rubber Terhadap Morfologi Dan Sifat Karet Alam Thermoset Dengan Filler Abu Sawit/Carbon Black Andri Mulia; Bahruddin Bahruddin; Irdoni Irdoni
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2015
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Maleated Natural Rubber (MNR) is a coupling agent which serves to facilitate mixing natural rubber and filler. This research aims to determine the effect of concentration MNR on the morphology and properties of thermoset rubber with fly ash/carbon black as filler. MNR content used were 2 phr 3 phr and 5 phr (per hundred rubber). Mastication process is carried out using a roll mill at room temperature, roll rotational speed of 20 rpm, and the overall time of the manufacture of compound ± 50 minutes. Constant variable is fly ash/carbon black, paraffin as plasticizer, ZnO as activator, stearic acid as co-activator, MBTS as accelerator, TMQ as anti-degradant, and sulfur as curative agent. The ratio of mass hybrid filler fly ash/carbon black used were 0/100; 30/70; 50/50; 70/30 and 100/0. Vulcanization process was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C and pressure of 50 kgf/cm2. Mechanical properties test includes tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus using ISO 527-2 type 5A standard with a universal testing machine. Morphology test was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and other parameter test was water absorption resistance. The result showed that coupling agent MNR affect the nature of thermoset and rubber. Best morphology image shows more evenly distributed filler, and interaction of filler and rubber formed quite homogeneous and uniform. The best mechanical properties obtained at 3 phr MNR with filler ratio of fly ash/carbon black 50/50 with a tensile strength of 18,147 MPa, elongation at break 1402.8 % and elastic modulus of 0.7688 MPa.Keywords : fillers hybrid , MNR, natural rubber, thermoset rubber.
Pengaruh Kadar Minyak Kelapa Terhadap Morfologi Sifat Thermoset Rubber Dengan Filler Abu Sawit - Carbon Black Afrila Afrila; Bahruddin Bahruddin; Ahmad Fadli
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Plasticizer and filler have important role to making thermoset rubber. The function of plasticizer is to assist spreading process of filler in rubber and to improve elasticity of thermoset rubber. Meanwhile function of filler is to increase mechanical properties of thermoset rubber. The purpose of this study is to obtain the best conditions of the vulcanization process in the manufacture of thermoset rubber with coconut oil as plasticizer and fly ash/carbon black as filler hybrid, whichis the variation of cococnut oil content are 2,5 phr, 5 phr and 7,5 phr and filler hybrid FA/CB content are 30 and 50 phr with ratio 100/0 , 50/50 and 30/70. The results of thermoset rubber will be tested, it’s mecanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, tension set, abrasion, hardness, and water absorption also thermoset rubber morphology. Based on average yield mecanical properties and morphology tested is obtained that the best conditions vulcanizationprocess is thermoset rubber with coconut oil content 5 phr and filler hybrid content of 30 phr with ratio FA/CB of 30/70. The best mechanical properties was given on tensile strength 24,8 MPa, elongation at break 816 %, tension set 2,17%, hardness 54±5 shore A, abrasion resistance 0,14 mm3/kg and also for water absorption 0,59%Keyword : Carbon Black, Fly Ash, Filler, Plasticizer, Thermoset Rubber, Vulcanization
Sifat Dan Morfologi Wood Plastic Composite Berbasis Batang Sawit Dengan Kadar Lignoselulosa yang Berbeda Melly Anggraeni; Irdoni Irdoni; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5 (2018): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Plantations of the palm in Indonesia is very large included Riau Province. It cause the palm trunk be the most waste and it has the potential to be utilized for manufacturing Wood Plastic Composite (WPC). Properties of the palm trunk is different and it has many weakness. Knowledge of stem’s lignocellulose can be easier to modify suitable materials for compatibility between WPC components. The main objective of this study is to determine the percentage of palm trunk parts longitudinally, to determine the lignocellulose component before and after preparation using oxalic acid, to evaluate the effect of palm trunk parts longitudinally and ratio of wood flour/polypropylene to the properties and morphology of WPC. The composition of wood flour was 100 mesh as filler and polypropylene as matrix are 50/50; 60/40; 70/30 with mixture of 2% paraffin as plasticizer, 5% maleic anhydride (MAH) and 5% Benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The palm trunk was prepared using oxalic acid at 120oC for 15 minutes. WPC samples were prepared using internal mixer Labo Plastomill at temperature 170oC and rotor speed 80 rpm. Testing experiments were prepared to mechanical properties consists of tensile strength and elastic modulus (MOE) and physical properties consists density, water absorption and swelling thickness. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used as a morphology testing with 50x and 500x magnification. The results showed that each part of palm and ratio of wood flour/polypropylene gives an influence. The best of WPC material is the base of stem at 70/30 ratio with tensile strength 15,125 MPa, MOE 2.308, 303 MPa, density 0,854 gr/cm3, water absorption 0,565%, and swelling thickness 0,133%.Keywords: lignocellulose, palm trunk, wood plastic composite
Pengaruh Kadar Filler Kitosan Dan Plasticizer Gliserol Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Bioplastik Berbasis Pati Sagu Ummy Aisyah Rochaeni; Irdoni HS; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 2 (2017): Wisuda Oktober Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Bioplastic can be made from renewable materials like starch. Properties of sago starch based bioplastic is to be improved by addition of filler and plasticizer. The aim of this research is to know the effect of addition of chitosan filler and glycerol plasticizer to the properties of tensile strength, elongation at break, water absorption and biodegradation from sago starch. In this research with casting method of making bioplastic with starch 10 gr. Furthermore, variations of chitosan filler (2, 3 and 4%w/w), glycerol (3, 4 and 5 ml) and varieties of starch heating temperature (75, 80 and 85C). The bioplastics were characterized by tensile strength, elongation, water uptake, biodegradation, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and analyzed by using Design Expert v10.0.1. The most significant factor for all responses was the composition of chitosan filler followed by glycerol and temperature. On the best process conditions (chitosan filler 4.68% w/w at 80°C with 4 ml glycerol) was obtained the best response value for tensile strength 9.96 MPa, elongation 17.89%, water absorption 10.95% and biodegradation 40.02%.Keywords : bioplastic, chitosan, glycerol, mechanical properties, sago starch.
Pembuatan Grease Dari Minyak Jelantah: Pengaruh Nisbah Mol LiOHNaOH Dan Nisbah Base Oil-Thickening Agent Terhadap Karakteristik Grease Rizky Sandy Harahap; Irdoni Irdoni; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 7 (2020): Edisi 1 Januari s/d Juni 2020
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Greases are used between rubbing metal surfaces to reduce friction. The utilized base oil could be vegetable oir or mineral oil. The objective of this research are to produce greasefrom waste cooking oil and to study the LiOH-NaOH ratio and base oil effect to grease characteristics. Grease-making methods comprised base oil (waste cooking oil) preparation, saponification to made thickening agent, and blending process with stirring speed 650 rpm among thickening agent, base oil and additive for the grease-making. The variations used were LiOH-NaOH ratio (90:10; 80:20; 70:30) and base oil:thickening agent ratio (75:20; 77,5:17,5; 80:15; 82,5:12,5; 85:10). The test methods conducted were penetration test ASTMD217 for grease consistency and dropping point ASTM D566. The best grease obtained belong to grease specification and performance parameter for NLGI grade A quality levelwith thickening agent formulation LiOH:NaOH ratio 90:10 and grease formulation base oil:thickening agent ratio 75:20 with penetration 227 (0,1 mm), NLGI number 3 (25 oC) anddropping point 139 oC.Keyword : dropping point test, grease, penetration test, waste cooking oil.
Pengaruh Kadar Dan Ukuran Selulosa Berbasis Batang Pisang Terhadap Sifat Dan Morfologi Bioplastik Berbahan Pati Umbi Talas Roy Marthin Panjaitan; Irdoni Irdoni; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2017
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Plastic waste is one of environmental problem especially in Indonesia. Conventional plastic is made from synthetic polymer that is made by petroleum which hard to recycle or break down by microorganism. Bioplastic is the answer of this problem. Starch is kind of natural polymer that can be used for bioplastic production because the sources overflow, renewable and ready degradable. However, starch have a bad mechanical characteristic. Cellulose as the strengthened has been proved to overcome the lack of starch. This research is aim to analyze the effect of composition and size of cellulose particle to get the best combination of bioplastic mechanical characteristic and morphology. Bioplastic was made by casting method where the taro’s starch, glycerol and cellulose are mixed. This research take variable on addition level of cellulose 6, 9, 12, 15%wt with cellulose fiber sizes of 100, 150 and 200 mesh. The composition with a good characteristic was 15%wt cellulose with the size 150 mesh with strength 7,595 MPa, elongation 11,379%, modulus young 66,465 MPa, water uptake 37,50%, and biodegradation is about 36,11% in one week.Keyword : bioplastic, casting, cellulose, glycerol, starch
Pengaruh Kadar Sulfur Dan Plastisizer Paraffin Terhadap Morfologi Dan Sifat Karet Alam Thermoset Dengan Filler Abu Sawit/Carbon Black Maradona Maradona; Nirwana Nirwana; Bahruddin Bahruddin
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Wisuda Februari Tahun 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Sulfur and plasticizer has an important role in the manufacture of thermoset rubber. Plasticizer serves to increase the spread of filler in the elastic properties of rubber. While the function of sulfur during the vulcanization process. This research aims to study the effect of sulfur and paraffin plasticizers on the morphology and properties of thermoset rubber with palm ash /carbon black as filler. sufur content used were 1,5 phr 2,5 phr and 3 phr (per hundred rubber ). Plastisizer content used were 2,5 phr and 5 phr. Mastication process is carried out using a roll mill at room temperature, roll rotational speed of 20 rpm, and the overall time of the manufacture of compound ± 50 minutes. Activator used was ZnO, a co–activator used was stearic acid, an accelerator used was MBTS, antidegradant used was TMQ. Vulcanization process was carried out at a temperature of 150 °C and pressure of 50 kgf/cm2. Testing of mechanical properties includes tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus using standard ISO 527-2 type 5A with a universal testing machine. Testing morphology was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Other parameter tested is water absorption resistance. The results showed that the rate of sulfur and plasticizer influence the properties of vulcanized rubber. The best mechanical properties obtained at 2.5 phr sulfur and 2.5 phr plasticizer with filler ratio of palm ash /carbon black 30/70 with a tensile strength of 18.41 MPa, elongation at break 1155.9 % and elastic modulus of 0.9 MPa.                                     Keywords : sulfur , plasticizers , fillers hybrid , natural rubber , vulcanized
Modification of Sago Starch-Based Bioplastic Using Citric Acid with Variation Plasticizers Glycerol and Sorbitol: Properties and Biodegradability Studies ojsadmin; Trisuciati Syahwardini; Cindy Oktaviani; Vivi Novriyani; Said Zul Amraini; Bahruddin
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 1 No 1 (2020): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, UNRI

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Abstract

Bioplastic or biodegradable plastic is one of alternative replacement to conventional plastic that has the potential to harmful to the environment. One of the raw material that has the potential to be made into bioplastic is sago starch because it has ability to degraded. The general purpose of this research is to determine the characteristics of sago-based bioplastic by modified the citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose filler, plasticizer sorbitol and glycerol. The synthesis method is casting of starch, water, filler Micro Cristalline Cellulose (MCC) with varying plasticizer sorbitol and glycerol with composition of filler is (15-25 % w/w), composition of plasticizer (25– 35 % w/w), and composition citric acid (3-9 % w/w). The results showed that the treatment with the addition of MCC fillers, plasticizers, and citric acid are contributed to the mechanical properties produced. In the best process conditions (20% w/w MCC filler, plasticizer sorbitol 30% w/w with citric acid 0.95% w/w) give result Tensile strength 15.84 MPa, Elongation 9.32%, Young's Modulus 171.2 MPa, Biodegradation 51.65%, and wavelength absorption 1722.51 cm-1
Co-Authors Ade Putra Ade Rahayu Putri Adhy Prayitno Adrianto Ahmad Adrianto Ahmad Adrianto Ahmad Adrianto Ahmad Adrianto Ahmad Adrianto Ahmad Adrianto Ahmad Ady Maulana Afrianti, Dwi Afrila Afrila Afrilianti, Azyarah Afrilla, Nurul Ahmad Fadli Ahmad Fadli Ahmad Riadi S Hasibuan Aidil Akbar Akbar, Anif Aulia Alfian Malik Almasdi Syahza Alumni STIKES Husada Borneo Ambtenarie Jessica Sihombing, Ambtenarie Jessica Aminuyati Amir Hamzah Amraini, Said Jul Amrizal Amrizal ' Amun Amri Andreas Sahat Parsaulian Andri Mulia Angelina Angelina Anugerah Rifaldi Aras Mulyadi Aris Aprianto Cahyono Artha, Ulfa Dwi Arya Wiranata Arya Wiranata Arya Wiranata Bramansyah Riswanda Briliantina Rossa Cindy Oktaviani Damayanti, Elok David Andrio Deliana, Putri DESI PURNAMA SARI Dewi Maya Sari Dian Anggraini Purba Dian Eka Indriani Djaimi Bakce Donny Kurniawan Dwifirman, Widya Edi Saputra Efriyeldi, Efriyeldi Ekawati, Lestari Endro Siswoko Eri Malindo Fachry Abda El Rahman Fadhila Nursyifa Fadli, A Fauzi, Subehan Firdaus Septiawan Fitra Annisa Gede Wibowo Gunawan Gunawan Hamsar Hamsar Handayani, K.H Sri Hara Novarisa Nanda Hasrul Hasrul Hendri, Zwilla Oktoriana Heni Sugesti Herlili Peronika Herry Novriansyah Hotnida Butar Butar HS, Irdoni. Ida Zahrina Idral Amri Idral Idral Irdoni HS Irdoni Irdoni Irdoni Irdoni Irdoni Irdoni Irdoni Irdoni Isra, Muhammad Ivan Fadhillah Ivan Fadhillah Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Panjaitan Jahrizal Khairat Khairat, Khairat Khairat, Khairat KRISTINA WIJAYA Liendra Juniarti Lita Darmayanti Lubis, Abdillah Lubis, Apriadi Luci Octaria Lusiana Sri Wahyuni M. Iwan Fermi Maradona Maradona Mariatul Qiftiah Melda Helena S Melly Anggraeni Mery Christina Meysara Meysara MS, Frasucia Aquaviva Muchlis Ade Putra Mudinillah, Adam Muhammad Anshar Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad Nasri Katman Muhammad Nur Muhammad Reza Muhammad Rivai Nadimisia, Tiara Dwisca Ni putu Vidya Primarista Nirwana Nirwana Nonot Suwarno Nopi Andri Musfa, Nopi Andri Novriyani, Vivi Nurazizah Nurazizah, Nurazizah Nurhidayah Nurhidayah Nurul Aini Thaibil Fadhly ojsadmin Oktaviani, Cindy Pakpahan, Cindy Peji Nopeles Puskesmas Guntung Payung R Firmansyah Rani Yuliantari Razita Hariani Rina Gunarti Rizky Sandy Harahap Robby Kumar Robby Kumar Romfis, Dio Rosmawati, Putri Roy Marthin Panjaitan Rozanna Sri Irianty RS Khusus Bedah Siaga Banjarmasin Russita Martani Russita Martani Septian, Septian Septiana Veronika S Septiana Veronika s, Septiana Veronika Shaleh, Idries Hamidi Siti Sakinah Sonny Wijaya Sri Helianty Sri Helianty Sri Rezeki Muria Sri Rezeki Muria STIKES Husada Borneo Sudirman Sudirman Sugesti, Heni Sumarno Sumarno Sunardjo SUSANTO, RENO Susanty, Wenny Suwondo Suwondo Syahwardini, Trisuciati Syamsu Herman Syarfi Daud Syarfi, Syarfi Syarfie, Syarfie Syelvia Putri Utami Syelvia Putri Utami Syelvia Putri Utami Syoffinal Syoffinal Thamrin Thamrin Toety Marliaty Trisuciati Syahwardini Trisuciati Syahwardini Trisuciati Syahwardini Umar Umar Ummy Aisyah Rochaeni Viodita Rizki Vivi Novriyani W, Ririen Wahyu Suci Rahmani Wahyu Suci Rahmani Wenny Susanty Wira Bima Stevent Sembiring Wira Irawan Rossani Wiranata, Arya Yanny Sartika Yelmida Azis Yoga Deswan Suwary Yoga Pratama Yogi Chandra Yolanda, Putri Gusti Yulia, Indri Yunus, Aulia Yusnila Halawa Zainal Abidin Zuchra Helwani Zuliarti, Indah Zultiniar Zultiniar Zultiniar, Zultiniar