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Problematika Penegakan Pasal 98 Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Terhadap Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Muhamad Nur Hakim Purba; Alwan Hadiyanto; Ciptono Ciptono
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12694

A healthy and sustainable environment is a fundamental human right guaranteed by the constitution; however, it continues to be threatened by industrial and plantation activities that disregard environmental quality standards. This condition underscores the urgency of criminal law as a repressive instrument to deter perpetrators of environmental pollution and destruction. The purpose of this study is to conduct a juridical analysis of Article 98 of Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, particularly regarding the legal basis for criminal liability of offenders and the effectiveness of its implementation in judicial practice. The research employs a normative juridical method with a case approach The findings reveal novelty in providing a critical examination of the obstacles to implementing Article 98, especially concerning the difficulty of proving intent, the weak application of corporate criminal liability, and the judicial tendency to focus on individual actors rather than corporate managerial structures. The study concludes that, normatively, Article 98 offers a progressive and proportional legal instrument for environmental protection; however, its practical enforcement remains suboptimal due to technical limitations, institutional capacity, and external interference. This research recommends strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officers through the use of scientific evidence and environmental forensics, ensuring consistent application of corporate criminal liability, and reinforcing judicial independence, so that Article 98 can effectively function as a repressive legal instrument that is fair, effective, and just. Lingkungan hidup yang sehat dan lestari merupakan hak asasi manusia yang dijamin konstitusi, namun kenyataannya masih sering terancam akibat aktivitas industri dan perkebunan yang mengabaikan standar baku mutu. Kondisi ini menegaskan urgensi instrumen hukum pidana sebagai sarana represif untuk memberikan efek jera kepada pelaku pencemaran maupun perusakan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara yuridis ketentuan Pasal 98 Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, khususnya terkait dasar pemidanaan terhadap pelaku serta efektivitas penerapannya dalam praktik peradilan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kebaruan berupa analisis kritis terhadap hambatan implementasi Pasal 98, meliputi kesulitan pembuktian unsur kesengajaan, keterbatasan penerapan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi, serta kecenderungan hakim lebih menitikberatkan pada individu dibanding struktur manajerial perusahaan. Kesimpulannya, Pasal 98 secara normatif telah menyediakan instrumen hukum progresif dan proporsional untuk melindungi lingkungan hidup, namun penerapannya belum optimal akibat faktor teknis, kapasitas aparat, dan intervensi kepentingan. Rekomendasi penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya penguatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum melalui bukti ilmiah dan forensik lingkungan, konsistensi penerapan pidana korporasi, serta penguatan independensi peradilan agar Pasal 98 benar-benar berfungsi sebagai instrumen represif yang adil, efektif, dan berkeadilan.

Dinamika Politik Identitas Dalam Pemilu 2024: Tantangan Bagi Konsolidasi Demokrasi Di Indonesia Susanto Susanto; Emy Hajar Abra; Alwan Hadiyanto
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i3.12697

This study aims to analyze the forms of identity politics in the 2024 elections and the extent to which these practices challenge the consolidation of democracy in Indonesia. The research is motivated by concerns over the widespread use of SARA issues, religious symbols, and digital narratives spread by buzzers and influencers, which have triggered social polarization, disinformation, and political character assassination. The study employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, using a literature review of regulations, doctrines, and academic works. The findings reveal that identity politics in the 2024 elections manifested in various forms, including religion, gender, age, lineage, and digital politics, which negatively affected social integration and the quality of democracy. However, identity politics may also play a positive role as a means of empowering marginalized groups in promoting equality and human rights. The novelty of this research lies in its critical analysis of digital identity politics, which has become increasingly massive, thus offering a new perspective on the challenges of democracy consolidation in the digital era. The study recommends strengthening political education, enforcing campaign ethics, regulating digital media, and fostering cross-identity dialogue to promote an inclusive and civilized democracy. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk-bentuk politik identitas dalam Pemilu 2024 dan sejauh mana praktik tersebut menjadi tantangan bagi konsolidasi demokrasi di Indonesia. Latar belakang penelitian didasari oleh kekhawatiran atas maraknya penggunaan isu SARA, simbol keagamaan, serta narasi digital melalui buzzer dan influencer yang memicu polarisasi sosial, disinformasi, hingga pembunuhan karakter politik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, melalui studi kepustakaan atas regulasi, doktrin, serta literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa politik identitas dalam Pemilu 2024 hadir dalam beragam bentuk, mulai dari isu agama, gender, usia, garis keturunan, hingga politik digital, yang berdampak negatif terhadap integrasi sosial dan kualitas demokrasi. Namun, politik identitas juga dapat berfungsi positif sebagai sarana perjuangan kelompok marginal dalam memperjuangkan kesetaraan dan hak asasi manusia. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis kritis terhadap politik identitas di ruang digital yang semakin masif, sehingga memberikan perspektif baru mengenai tantangan konsolidasi demokrasi di era digital. Rekomendasi penelitian menekankan pentingnya pendidikan politik, penegakan etika kampanye, penguatan regulasi media digital, serta dialog lintas identitas guna mendorong demokrasi yang inklusif dan berkeadaban.

Pertimbangan Putusan Hakim Pra Peradilan Mengenai Sah Tidaknya Penetapan Tersangka: Considerations of Pretrial Judges’ Decisions Regarding The Validity of Suspect Determinations Khaerul Umam; Alwan Hadiyanto; Wijayono Hadi Sukrisno
Journal Juridisch Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): JULY
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jj.v3i2.12865

This study examines the scope of judicial authority in adjudicating pretrial motions, the underlying judicial reasoning concerning the validity of suspect determinations, and the ensuing legal implications, with a specific focus on Decision No. 1/Pid.Pra/2024/PN Unr. The urgency of this inquiry emerges from the imperative to safeguard human rights and prevent the misuse of state power in law enforcement, particularly after Constitutional Court Decision No. 21/PUU-XII/2014 broadened the jurisdiction of pretrial mechanisms. Employing a normative juridical method combined with statutory and case approaches, the analysis adopts a qualitative lens to assess judicial interpretations and practices. The findings reveal that the pretrial judge upheld the legality of the suspect determination on the basis of adequate preliminary evidence and the circumstance of being caught in flagrante delicto. The study underscores that judicial reasoning in such cases remains predominantly formalistic, often neglecting substantive justice and thereby generating inconsistencies in legal standards. Within this context, pretrial proceedings are positioned as a vital judicial safeguard against investigative arbitrariness, yet they continue to face the complex task of reconciling legal certainty with equitable justice. By engaging Hans Kelsen’s theory of legal certainty and Gustav Radbruch’s concept of justice, this research offers a critical reflection on the philosophical underpinnings of pretrial review. It calls for the establishment of standardized judicial guidelines, clearer jurisprudential direction from the Supreme Court, and enhanced integrity among law enforcement agencies to ensure that pretrial institutions genuinely function as instruments of justice and human rights protection. Penelitian ini mengkaji kewenangan hakim dalam memeriksa permohonan praperadilan, pertimbangan yuridis terhadap keabsahan penetapan tersangka, serta akibat hukum dari putusan tersebut, dengan studi kasus pada Putusan Nomor 1/Pid.Pra/2024/PN Unr. Urgensi penelitian ini berangkat dari pentingnya perlindungan hak asasi manusia dan pencegahan penyalahgunaan kewenangan aparat penegak hukum, terutama pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 yang memperluas ruang lingkup kewenangan praperadilan. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan kasus, serta analisis kualitatif terhadap pertimbangan hukum hakim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim praperadilan menyatakan penetapan tersangka sah dengan alasan adanya bukti permulaan yang cukup serta kondisi tertangkap tangan (in flagrante delicto). Meskipun demikian, pertimbangan hakim masih cenderung bersifat formalistik dan belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan keadilan substantif, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakkonsistenan dalam standar objektif penilaian. Dalam konteks ini, praperadilan memiliki posisi strategis sebagai mekanisme kontrol yudisial terhadap tindakan penyidikan, namun tetap menghadapi tantangan dalam menyeimbangkan kepastian hukum dengan keadilan yang substansial. Dengan merujuk pada teori kepastian hukum Hans Kelsen dan teori keadilan Gustav Radbruch, penelitian ini memberikan refleksi kritis atas fondasi filosofis praperadilan di Indonesia. Ditekankan perlunya pedoman peradilan yang terstandardisasi, penguatan arah yurisprudensi oleh Mahkamah Agung, serta peningkatan integritas aparat penegak hukum agar lembaga praperadilan benar-benar berfungsi sebagai instrumen keadilan dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia.

State Responsibility Towards The Rights of Customary Communities on Rempang Island from The Perspective of State Administrative Law (HTN) Hutabarat, Chanrih; Abra, Emi Hajar; Hadiyanto, Alwan
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i1.2602

Rempang Island, as part of the administrative territory of Indonesia, is not exempt from constitutional dynamics. In the event of a case occurring on the island involving an abuse of authority, deviation from the principle of autonomy, or misalignment with constitutional implementation, constitutional law provides a framework to understand, analyze, and resolve such issues. This study aims to analyze whether the state has acted in accordance with the principles of good governance and constitutional justice in the case of Rempang Island, and to determine whether the state has involved indigenous communities in decision-making processes that directly affect their fate. The findings indicate that the development process of the Rempang Eco City project and the handling of the accompanying conflict have not fully complied with the principles of good governance and constitutional justice, particularly in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples, transparency, participation, and fairness. The conflict in Rempang Island stems from arbitrary government actions. The lack of transparency between the government and the community has led to misunderstandings between the two parties involved.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF BANKRUPT CREDITORS AGAINST TRANSFER OF MANAGEMENT RIGHTS OVER LAND OWNED BY BANKRUPT DEBTORS DUE TO DELAY IN EXTENSION OF BATAM AUTHORITY'S ANNUAL MANDATORY MONEY Sitindaon, Anggra Satria; Hadiyanto, Alwan; Anugrah Bhakti, Rizki Tri
Awang Long Law Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Awang Long Law Review
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/awl.v8i1.1634

When the soil entered estate bankruptcy, it experienced delays in paying the Batam Authority's Annual Mandatory Fee. The Batam Authority's Annual Mandatory Payment is one of the strongest pieces of evidence indicating that the company has legal ownership over the land. However, the possibility of the land being taken over by the Batam Business Agency is because the Batam Business Agency has the right to do so. However, the conflict of regulations that occurred also resulted in a legal vacuum, leaving a gap in resolving the problem. In this study, several issues are studied, including: How are the regulations regarding assets owned by bankrupt debtors, the rules regarding the transfer of land management rights by the Batam Business Agency, how the legal protection of bankrupt creditors regarding the transfer of land management rights owned by bankrupt debtors due to delays in extending the Batam Authority's annual mandatory money. The form of this research is normative legal research, utilizing secondary data as its primary source of information. The data analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The assets owned by debtors who are declared bankrupt include those that already existed at the time of the bankruptcy decision, as well as those acquired during the bankruptcy process, referred to as estate bankruptcy. The supervisory judge and curator manage the estate in bankruptcy, with the results then distributed according to the previously determined repayment priorities. The transfer of land management rights can be carried out by BP Batam if several conditions are met, namely that the Batam Authority Annual Compulsory Money has not been paid or extended, there is a mismatch in land use, or the land has been given in not cultivated within a specific period. The transfer of management rights can be carried out because BP Batam is the holder of the management rights to the land in Batam. In facing the challenges faced by bankrupt creditors, legal protection is an essential aspect. One way to protect creditors is to strengthen the monitoring mechanism for the transfer of land management rights. Additionally, legal education for creditors needs to be improved so that they understand their rights within the bankruptcy process. Many creditors are not aware that they have the right to file objections to the transfer of management rights carried out by BP Batam. By improving legal understanding, creditors can be more proactive in protecting their rights.

BANK'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE EXECUTION OF AUCTIONS FOR UNCERTIFIED LAND Kamaleng, Eduard; Abra, Emy Hajar; Hadiyanto, Alwan
Awang Long Law Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Awang Long Law Review
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/awl.v8i1.1655

The auction method is typically used to bring together two parties in a legal transaction. In an auction, there are two parties involved: the party submitting the bid and the party that wins the auction. Auctions can be carried out on land that has been obtained and registered with a mortgage. In practice, there are also irregularities in the auction process, particularly in auctions conducted on land that has not been certified. This is the case, for example, in Court Decision Number 03/Pdt. Eks / 2020 / Pn.Tbk Jo. Number 29 / Pdt.G / 2015 / Pn.Tbk. This study will discuss the Implementation of Regulations regarding the execution of auctions for land collateral that has not been certified. How is the Bank's Accountability for the Execution of Auctions for Land That Has Not Been Certified? What is the Solution to the Execution of Auctions for Land That Has Not Been Certified? The research methodology employed in this study is a normative research approach. Regulations governing the Execution Auction include Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021 concerning Management Rights, Land Rights, Apartment Units, and Land Registration, Auction PMK, Mortgage Law, Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs Number 16 of 2021 concerning the Third Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Implementing Provisions of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. The role of the bank in the smooth running of the transfer of rights from the bank as the applicant for the auction of land to the auction winner is part of the bank's responsibility, as referred to in the theory of strict liability, which requires the bank to be jointly responsible for it even though the bank did not make a mistake. To address the issue of auction execution on uncertified land, several legal solutions can be employed. First, the government needs to accelerate the land certification process through the Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program. Second, there needs to be stricter regulations related to auction execution. Third, education and socialization to the community regarding land rights and applicable legal procedures are also critical. Fourth, establishing mediation or dispute resolution institutions at the local level can be an alternative solution to resolving disputes that arise from auction execution. Fifth, the government should also consider providing incentives for landowners who are willing to undergo certification.

State Responsibility Towards The Rights of Customary Communities on Rempang Island from The Perspective of State Administrative Law (HTN) Hutabarat, Chanrih; Abra, Emi Hajar; Hadiyanto, Alwan
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i1.2602

Rempang Island, as part of the administrative territory of Indonesia, is not exempt from constitutional dynamics. In the event of a case occurring on the island involving an abuse of authority, deviation from the principle of autonomy, or misalignment with constitutional implementation, constitutional law provides a framework to understand, analyze, and resolve such issues. This study aims to analyze whether the state has acted in accordance with the principles of good governance and constitutional justice in the case of Rempang Island, and to determine whether the state has involved indigenous communities in decision-making processes that directly affect their fate. The findings indicate that the development process of the Rempang Eco City project and the handling of the accompanying conflict have not fully complied with the principles of good governance and constitutional justice, particularly in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples, transparency, participation, and fairness. The conflict in Rempang Island stems from arbitrary government actions. The lack of transparency between the government and the community has led to misunderstandings between the two parties involved.

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