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Combination of Metformin and Magnesium Citrate Reduces TNF-α, NF-κB p65, IL-6, CD4, and MMP-9 Expressions in Diabetic Model Rats Rahayu, Rachmi Fauziah; Prayitno, Adi; Purwanto, Bambang; Soewondo, Widiastuti; Nurwati, Ida; Pamungkasari, Eti Poncorini; Dirgahayu, Paramasari
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i6.3360

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes, which causes various complications, involves pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Magnesium has demonstrated anti-diabetic properties, but its anti-inflammatory effects in preventing cardiovascular complications remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium citrate, alone and in combination with metformin, by measuring TNF-α, NF-κB p65, IL-6, CD4, and MMP-9 expression in diabetic model rats.METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control, diabetes control, metformin (treated with 9 mg/200 g/day metformin), magnesium citrate (treated with 3.6 mg/200 g/day magnesium citrate), and combination therapy (treated with 4.5 mg/200 g/day metformin + 1.8 mg/200 g/day magnesium citrate). Diabetes was induced in all groups except the normal control group using streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA). TNF-α, NF-κB p65, IL-6, CD4, and MMP-9 expression levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: Significant differences in TNF-α, NF-κB p65, IL-6, CD4, and MMP-9 expression levels were observed across all groups (p<0.001). The combination therapy group demonstrated the most significant reduction in all parameters compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.001) and other therapy groups. Both metformin and magnesium citrate monotherapies showed moderate reductions in cytokine levels but were less effective than combination therapy.CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with metformin and magnesium citrate exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory effects, significantly reducing TNF-α, NF-κB p65, IL-6, CD4, and MMP-9 expressions in diabetic Wistar rats. This combination has potential as a therapeutic approach for managing diabetes and its complications.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, inflammation, cytokines, metformin, magnesium citrate
COMPARISON OF THE ANIES AND GEMOY URGENT CAMPAIGN MODELS IN THE 2024 PRESIDENTIAL AND VICE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS Malindir, Gaston; Jamaludin, Hamzah; Prayitno, Adi
Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): General Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpi.v9i2.6932

Abstract

Entering the campaign period on January 21, each pair of candidates used various unique campaign models which were considered effective in attracting the hearts of the Indonesian people. Since the start, the public has been excited about Gemoy, which is the trending campaign model of candidate pair number 02 Prabowo-Gibran, while pair 01 Anies-Muhaimin has also attracted attention with the latest campaign model introduced by Desak Anies. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this research include literature study and field study. The research results show that there are significant similarities and differences between the Desak Anies and Gemoy campaign models. The similarity between the two lies in the target of the campaign model used, namely the young generation in the age range of 17-40 years with a percentage of 53% of the number of voters in Indonesia. On the other hand, the fundamental difference between the two lies in the ideas put forward in Desak Anies and Gimik which are put forward through the Gemoy campaign model. Specifically, the differences between these two campaign models can be seen using eight comparative variables referring to Nowak and Warneryd's Campaign Model theory which includes; Intended effect, Competing communication, Communication object, Target population & receiving group, Channel, The message, The communicator/sender, and The obtained effect. Despite this, the results in the field show that the majority of people tend to be interested in the Gemoy campaign model compared to the Desak Anies campaign model which tends to be intellectual, characterized by a debate of ideas.
EFFECTIVITY OF STENOCHLAENA PALUSTRIS (BURM.) BEDD EXTRACT AS ANTIOXIDANT FROM CENTRAL KALIMANTAN: SCOPING REVIEW Simamora, Helmi Susanti; Prayitno, Adi; Muthmainah, Muthmainah
Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Vol. 35 No. 1 (2025): MEDIA PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KESEHATAN
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34011/jmp2k.v35i1.2291

Abstract

Tumbuhan kelakai banyak ditemukan di Kalimantan dan biasanya dikonsumsi dengan cara di tumis dan direbus. Kelakai mengandung bioaktif yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan dan dapat meningkatkan sistem imun tubuh Secara teoritis, artikel ini memberikan informasi bahwa kelakai memiliki manfaat kesehatan seperti antihiperlipidemia, penurunan kadar glukosa darah, dan pencegahan kanker payudara. Secara praktis, artikel ini membuka peluang penggunaan kelakai dalam penatalaksanaan diabetes, antihiperlipidemia, dan pencegahan kanker payudara pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi komprehensif tentang kelakai yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan mengeksplorasi zat bioaktif yang terkandung dalam kelakai yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut secara in vivo seperti diabetes, bisa digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi aplikasi klinis seperti senyawa atau zat bioaktif yang terkandung dalam kelakai dapat dimanfaatkan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut secara in vivo seperti diabetes, antikanker. Scoping review yang dimulai dengan Pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Informasi diperoleh melalui basis data elektronik PubMed, Google Scholar, dan Science Direct dari tahun 2019 - 2024. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sintesis unsur deskriptif dan naratif dari 13 artikel didapatkan tujuh artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Informasi dari berbagai artikel menunjukkan bahwa perlunya antioksidan eksternal untuk tubuh, yang dapat berasal dari tanaman atau vitamin. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan adalah kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd). Kelakai mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tanin yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dalam menghambat radikal bebas. Kajian scoping ini mengonfirmasi adanya aktivitas antioksidan pada tanaman kelakai.
From Ideology to Electability: The Implications of Non-Cadre Candidate Recruitment on PKS's Strategy and Efforts to Become an Open Party Prayitno, Adi
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 23 No. 002 (2024): Pena Justisia (Special Issue)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v23i3.5416

Abstract

This study discusses the recruitment strategy of non-cadre legislative candidates carried out by the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in the 2009 Legislative Election. As a cadre-based party, this step is a significant innovation in the history of PKS. The research uses a qualitative approach with an analytical descriptive method, utilizing in-depth interviews with resource persons and analysis of related documents. The results of the study show that the recruitment policy of non-cadre candidates is influenced by several main factors. First, efforts to increase electability in non-PKS base areas. Second, recruiting figures who are considered capable of making a significant contribution to the party's goals. Third, an experiment to make PKS a more open party. Finally, pragmatic reasons such as the party's financial needs. However, this step caused various criticisms, both from internal and external circles, because it was considered contrary to the principle of the cadre party that prioritized internal cadres. Theoretically, this policy reflects a change in the character of PKS from party ideology to more pragmatic. This research highlights the importance of balancing political pragmatism and ideological consistency in maintaining party cohesion. These findings are relevant to understand the dynamics of political parties in Indonesia, especially in facing the challenges of political modernization.Keywords: Political recruitment, non-cadre candidates, PKS, 2009 elections, cadre parties, political strategy.