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Lailatul Qadariyah
Departemen Teknik Kimia Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

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Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) Surfactant Production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) with Microwave Technology Qadariyah, Lailatul; Ryvalda, Dhea Septyanonie; Aditama, Narendra Yudha; Aswie, Viqhi; Mahfud, Mahfud
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.929-940

Abstract

Traction Energy Asia 2020 reported that 3 million kilolitres of WCO were collected in Indonesia in 2019, 1.6 million kilolitres from urban households. WCO poses risks due to common reuse or disposal. Repurposing for MES surfactant is vital. Hence, this study aims to produce an MES surfactant from WCO feedstock using NaHSO3 as a microwave-assisted reactant by observing the influence of variables such as reactant mole ratio, catalyst concentration, sulfonation reaction time, and microwave power. The adsorption method involves vacuum filtration of WCO to remove impurities, mixing with activated carbon, and settling before a second filtration. Transesterification transforms WCO into methyl ester through mixing with methoxide solution with a molar ratio of methanol to WCO of 1:9 and a 1 wet% NaOH catalyst based on WCO, followed by washing and drying. Sulfonation involves reacting methyl ester with NaHSO3 (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4) and CaO catalyst (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%). The reaction occurs in a microwave at power variations of 300, 450, 600, and 750 Watts, as well as with variations in time of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes. After that, it ends with purifying and neutralizing to produce MES. The optimal conditions for MES production are a 1:2 molar ratio of reactants, 1.5% CaO catalyst concentration, 20 minutes, and 450 W, yielding 48.06%. MES characteristics: pale yellow color, density of 0.859 g/cm3, viscosity of 1.780 cSt, and surface tension of 32.62 dyne/cm. FTIR analysis confirms sulfonic acid groups at 1195.27 cm−1 and 1169.1 cm−1 wavelengths.
Co-Authors Achmad Fajrul Akbar Achmad Qodim Syafa'atullah Achmad Roesyadi Aditama, Narendra Yudha Agi Iqbal Velayas Ahmad Muklason Aisyah Triana Chintiyah Dewi Aldri Frinaldi Ali Altway Amalia Putri, Fauziah Annas Wiguno Aparamarta, Hakun Wirawasista Aswie, Viqhi Awaludin Rauf Firmansyah Awaludin Rauf Firmansyah Ayu Paramita Firdaus Darmawan, Raden Daru Satria Prayanto Delita Kunhermanti Dhaniar Rulandri Widoretno Dhiya Dini Azmi Donny Satria Bhuana Dwi Aris Setiawan Dwi Utari, Wahyuni Eric Nurandriea Eskalalita, Eskalalita Fabroyir, Hadziq Fachrudin Fachrudin Fachry Abda El Rahman Fahmi Muhammad Izzuddin Fatih Ridho Muhammad Fenni Suryanti Fikaputri Rohmatul Maula Fitria Fatmawati Fitria Romadhoni Fitrony Fitrony Gita Shintavia Hakun Wirawasista Hakun Wirawasista Harmami Harmami Hasanah, Yuliana Hidayatul Imro’atus Nur Mufidah Dimyati Putri Ina Nurfia Indraswari, Rarasmaya Indriana Purwaningsih Indriana Purwaningsih Istianah, Nur Ita Ulfin Ja'far As Shodiq Jamiliya Susantin Juwari Juwari Karim, Busro Khairudin, Nur KHOIRUL ANAM Kristianto, Teguh Kusuma, Heri Septya Kuswandi, Kuswandi M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud mahfud mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mashuri Mashuri Maula, Fikaputri Rohmatul Mochammad Ainun Hikam Mochammad Ainun Hikam Mohamad Iman Rachmadi Mohammad Fandy Ardhilla Mohammad Fandy Ardhilla Muhammad Salahudin Ni Luh Putu Hariastuti Niniek Fajar Puspita, Niniek Fajar Nuniek Hendrianie Nur Aini Rakhmawati Nur Jannah Nur Syofa Lira Dalimunthe Nur wahidah Nurkhamidah, Siti Permana, Dhiam Permata, Arif Rachman Eka Putri, Malfa Liya Raden Darmawan Raden Darmawan Rahadiantino, Lienggar Raka Selaksa Raka Selaksa Charisma Muchammad Renita Nurul Fitria Ridha Agustina Kholifatun Nisa Rizky Nurrochmad Ismail Rizky, Ratna Oktavina Rizqy Fauzi Rozi, Iqbal Fakhrur Ryvalda, Dhea Septyanonie Safetyllah Jatranti Sahiba Sahila Sarkawi Sarkawi, Sarkawi Selfina Gala Setiyo Gunawan Siti Machmudah Siti Nurhasanah Siti Zullaikah Sri Rachmania Juliastuti Subhan, Moh Suffahurrohman, M Nur Suhaimi Suhaimi Sumarno . Syafa’atullah, Achmad Qodim Syamsul Rijal Tantular Nurtono Tri Nugraha Ibnu Abdillah tri wahyuni Umar Faruq Viqhi Aswie Viqhi Aswie Wahyono, Sapto Widiyastuti Winardi, Sugeng Yeni Rahmawati, Yeni Yuyun Yuniati Zahid , Moh