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Morphological characteristics of Phaius spp. orchids from Indonesia Sri Hartati; Samanhudi SAMANHUDI; Ida Rumia Manurung; ONGKO CAHYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220447

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Abstract. Hartati S, Samanhudi, Manurung IR, Cahyono O. 2021. Morphological characteristics of Phaius spp. orchids from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1991-1995. Orchid is one of the ornamental plants with great economic value in various communities. Characterization and grouping of several orchid species can be used in breeding efforts to obtain hybrid with the desired traits. This study is aimed to characterize the morphological appearance of Phaius orchids and to cluster the species based on their similarity in morphological characteristics. Five species of Phaius (P. tankervilleae, P. indigoferus, P. montanus, P. amboinensis, and P. callosus) of the collection of the Bogor Botanical Garden were observed based on 30 morphological characters including the characters of stems, pseudobulbs, leaves and flowers. The data obtained were converted into binary data and computed using the Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSYS) Spc 2.02 program to produce dendrogram. The results show that based on the morphological characterization of the five species of Phaius spp., they have similarities from 63% to 80%. Among the five Phaius species, P. amboinensis, P. tankervilleae, and P. montanus had 80% similarity and can be used as parents for crossing.
Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) diversity conservation by in vitro culture with IAA and yeast extract Samanhudi Samanhudi; AMALIA TETRANI SAKYA; ANDRIYANA SETYAWATI; MUMTAZ MUAWANAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230525

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Abstract. Samanhudi, Sakya AT, Setyawati A, Muawanah M. 2022. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) diversity conservation by in vitro culture with IAA and yeast extract. Biodiversitas 23: 2457-2463. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) is a scare plant with high economic value and many benefits. Tissue culture is an effective way of producing plants in large quantities, in a short time with uniform results. This study aims to get the proper concentration of IAA and yeast extract for agarwood growth in vitro. The research was conducted in December 2019-June 2020 at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. The design used is Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in 2 factors: first factor was IAA concentration with 4 level: 0; 0,5; 1; 1.5 mgL-1 and second factor was yeast extract concentration with 4 levels: 0; 200; 400; 800 mgL-1. Obtained 16 combinations of treatments repeated 3 times so that there are 48 units of experiments. Observed variables: the time of appearance of shoots, the number of shoots, the height of shoots, the number of leaves, and the number of roots. Root count data is described and data other than root count is analyzed ANOVA, if real influence is further tested DMRT 5%. The IAA affects the height of shoots and the number of agarwood leaves in vitro rooted plantlets has 5 plantlets.
Morphological responses of six sorghum varieties on cadmium-contaminated soil NUR AZIZAH USWATUN HASANAH; EDI PURWANTO; PUJI HARSONO; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; AMALIA TETRANI SAKYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240729

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Abstract. Hasanah NAU, Purwanto E, Harsono P, Samanhudi, Sakya AT. 2023. Morphological responses of six sorghum varieties on cadmium-contaminated soil. Biodiversitas 24: 3903-3915. Six sorghum varieties were planted on cadmium-contaminated soil and characterized from April to July 2020 at a rice field in Balecatur Gamping, Yogyakarta. The objectives of this experiment were to characterize themorphological responses of six sorghum varieties and select a variety with a high biomass and Cd uptake fora potential phytoremediator. This experiment used six sorghum varieties, namely Super-1, Samurai-1, Suri-3, Numbu, Kawali, and Hitam, following completely randomized design procedures with four replications. The observation of morphological and agronomical characteristics focused on ten plants as the sample of each plot. The result showed that there were differences in the morphological and agronomical characteristics among six sorghum varieties. Varieties were assessed in terms of distinctness and grouped based on the time of panicle emergence, plant height, panicle shape, and caryopsis color. There were threeclasses as follows: Class 1, i.e., time of panicle emergence: very early (Super-1, Suri-3, Numbu, and Hitam); plant height: long (Super-1), medium (Suri-3), short (Numbu and Hitam); panicle shape: panicle broader in the upper part (Numbu), symmetrical (Super-1 and Suri-3), pyramidal (Hitam); caryopsis color: white (Super-1), grayish orange (Suri-3 and Hitam), yellowish orange (Numbu). Class 2, time of panicle emergence: early (Samurai-1); plant height: medium (Samurai-1); panicle shape: panicle broader in the lower part (Samurai-1); caryopsis color: yellowish orange (Samurai-1). Class 3, time of panicle emergence: medium (Kawali); plant height: medium (Kawali); panicle shape: panicle broader in the lower part (Kawali); caryopsis color: yellowish white (Kawali). Assessment of agronomical characteristics revealed that fresh plant weight had a significant positive correlation with plant height R1, plant height R5, stem diameter, leaf bladewidth, thousand-grain weight, and stem sugar content. Several varieties, namely Super-1, Samurai-1 and Kawali, were found to have excellent agronomical characteristics to provide a solid varietal basis for selecting varieties as phytoremediators.
Short Communication: Morphological characterization of five species of Dendrobium native to Indonesia for parent selection SRI HARTATI; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; ONGKO CAHYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230548

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Abstract. Hartati S, Samanhudi, Cahyono O. 2022. Short Communication: Morphological characterization of five species of Dendrobium native to Indonesia for parent selection. Biodiversitas 23: 2648-2654. As one of the most plentiful orchid genera, Dendrobium has a potential genetic resource for crossing programs. Morphological characterization is an important step in determining genetic relationships among orchid species in the same genus. The research aims to identify the morphological characteristics of five species of Indonesian Dendrobium in order to assess the potential cross elder candidates. The materials used in this study were D. mirbelianum Gaudich., D. lamellatum (Blume) Lindl., and D. anosmum obtained from Bogor Botanic Gardens; and D.bracteosum Rchb.f. and D. purpureum obtained from Klaten Speci Gardens. This study recorded 30 morphological characters of Dendrobium studied. There were 23 out of the 30 identified morphological characters (76.67%) that showed varying characters in flowers, leaves, pseudobulbs, and roots. Based on the cluster analysis, five species of Dendrobium are separated into two clusters and cluster division does not correlate with the section of Dendrobium. The species with the highest similarity coefficient has the potential to be used as parental in crosses. Dendrobium lamellatum and D. anosmum have the highest similarity coefficient of 0.80 and are the most potential as parental species for crossing, followed by D. bracteosum and D. purpureum with a similarity coefficient of 0.70.
Construction of CRISPR/Cas9_gRNA-OsCKX2 module cassette and its introduction into rice cv. Mentik Wangi mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens MARINA RUZYATI; ATMITRI SISHARMINI; ANIVERSARI APRIANA; TRI JOKO SANTOSO; EDI PURWANTO; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; AHMAD YUNUS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230552

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Abstract. Ruzyati M, Sisharmini A, Apriana A, Santoso TJ, Purwanto E, Samanhudi, Yunus A. 2022. Construction of CRISPR/Cas9_gRNA-OsCKX2 module cassette and its introduction into rice cv. Mentik Wangi mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Biodiversitas 23: 2679-2689. Mentik Wangi is an aromatic superior rice variety from the tropical japonica group with high posture and low productivity. The tall plant posture causes Mentik Wangi rice to be prone to lodging, resulting in yield loss. Therefore, improvement of plant height and productivity of Mentik Wangi is still required. The sd-1 (OsGA20ox-2) and CKX2 genes are responsible for the semi-dwarf character and high productivity. The study aimed to construct a CRISPR/Cas9 cassette module carrying a gRNA of OsCKX2 gene and introduce this construct to Mentik Wangi rice mediated by an Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector strain LBA4404. The introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9_gRNA-GA20ox-2 cassette plasmid that was constructed in previous research into Mentik Wangi rice was also carried out. The results showed that the CRISPR/Cas9_gRNA-CKX2 cassette module had been successfully constructed using the Golden gate cloning method. The introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9_gRNA-CKX2 and CRISPR/Cas9_gRNA-GA20ox-2 cassette modules into Mentik Wangi rice resulted in 30 putative transformant lines that passed the hygromycin selection. PCR analysis showed that from the 30 transformant lines, 15 lines were positive for the hygromycin resistance gene. Further analysis is necessary to be conducted to identify the occurrence of mutagenesis in the OsCKX2 and GA20ox-2 target genes.
Genetic similarity among Dendrobium species from Indonesia using RAPD markers SRI HARTATI; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; ONGKO CAHYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240945

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Abstract. Hartati S, Samanhudi, Cahyono O. 2023. Genetic similarity among Dendrobium species from Indonesia using RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 24: 5015-5021. Dendrobium genus orchids are one of the most popular commodities in the world due to their diverse range of flower sizes, shapes, and colors. To enhance plant breeding programs and genetic resources, it is necessary to obtain information on genetic similarity between orchids of the Dendrobium genus through molecular analysis techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the genetic similarity among five Dendrobium species using molecular markers, specifically RAPD. The plant material used was obtained from five species of the Dendrobium spp, namely (i) Dendrobium mirbelianum; (ii) Dendrobium lamellatum, (iii) Dendrobium secundum, (iv) Dendrobium bracteosum, and (v) Dendrobium purpureum. The analysis was carried out to determine the genetic diversity of the Dendrobium orchids using RAPD markers. A total of five RAPD primers were used for amplification, namely OPD 8, OPA 7, OPA 13, OPB 12, and OPB 18. The scoring data were analyzed using NTSYS-pc (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) version 2.02 which produced data in the form of cluster dendrograms. The dendrogram that was constructed by Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) classified the five Dendrobium species into two main clusters. The results showed that there were two clusters, namely Cluster A consisting of D. mirbelianum, D. lamellatum, and D. secundum while Cluster B consisted of D. bracteosum and D. purpureum. Furthermore, the polymorphism of the five RAPD primers was very high, ranging from 91.6 to 100%, measuring 250-1900 bp. The coefficient of genetic similarity analyzed using the five RAPD primers ranged from 0.24 to 0.77. The species D. mirbelianum and D. lamellatum had a high coefficient of genetic similarity. Which can be discovered through parental selection in breeding program.
Intensity attacks of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on several corn varieties in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia DIDIK SUDIHARDJO; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; SHOLAHUDDIN SHOLAHUDDIN; BAMBANG PUJIASMANTO; MUJI RAHAYU; ANDRIYANA SETYAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 12 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241259

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Abstract. Sudihardjo D, Samanhudi, Sholahuddin, Pujiasmanto B, Rahayu M, Setyawati A. 2023. Intensity attacks of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on several corn varieties in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6979-6987. The presence of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, 1797 attack on corn is one of the main causes of the decrease in yield. Local, composite, and hybrid corn have different characteristics and will affect intensity attack and foliar damage due to S. frugiperda attack. This study aimed to determine the intensity of the attack of several types of local corn, composites, and hybrids against S. frugiperda. The research was conducted in the Kediri region, East Java, one of the corn cultivation centers. The study used a completely randomized block design with three replications of 18 varieties of various local, composites, and hybrid corn varieties. Local corn varieties consist of Madura Putih, Kebo Bima, Manik Liu, Lameran-Latim, Seraye-Bali, Madura kuning, and Sumbawa. Composite corn varieties include Bisma, Puput Uri, Srikandi Ungu, and Sukmaraga. Furthermore, the hybrid varieties comprise ADV Jago, Bisi 18, DK 77, NK 6172, P 27, Pertiwi 3, and R7. The results showed the infestation of S. frugiperda in all corn varieties peaked at age 42 DAP, with the intensity attack reaching 100%. The lowest intensity attack rate of S. frugiperda was obtained by the Sukmaraga composite variety and the NK6172 hybrid variety tends to be more resistant to S. frugiperda attacks than composite and local varieties. All corn-tested varieties were attached by S. frugiperda, which varied for the percentage of plant damage, severity level, and the time the pest attack first attacked. The clustering groups of each corn variety were based on the intensity attack of S. frugiperda, number of larvae, severity level and early infestation founded group resistant, which have less foliar damage due to S. frugiperda larvae attacks consisting of 5 varieties: Madura kuning, Madura Putih, Bisma, NK6172, and Srikandi Ungu.
The investigation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer on the productivity of various Sorghum bicolor varieties EKA HANDAYANTA; FAROUQ HEIDAR BARIDO; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250850

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Abstract. Handayanta E, Barido FH, Samanhudi. 2024. The investigation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer on the productivity of various Sorghum bicolor varieties. Biodiversitas 25: 2763-2768. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a unique cereal crop characterized by its regenerative capacity post-harvest, with varieties including Super, Suri, Numbu, and Keller. This investigation sought to elucidate the impact of varying fertilizer levels on the forage productivity of these sorghum varieties. The experiment employed was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 4×5 factorial arrangement and three replications. The first factor comprised the sorghum varieties (V1 = Super, V2 = Suri, V3 = Numbu, V4 = Keller), while the second factor pertained to the levels of NPK fertilizer (P0 = 0 kg/ha, P1 = 173 kg/ha, P2 = 346 kg/ha, P3 = 519 kg/ha, P4 = 692 kg/ha). Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and significant differences were further analyzed using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The study concluded that while there was no interaction between the sorghum variety and NPK fertilization levels, the sorghum variety significantly influenced (P<0.05) protein and crude fat production but not dry matter and crude fiber production (P>0.05). The NPK fertilization levels significantly affected (P<0.05) the production of dry matter, protein, fat, and crude fiber. The study deduced that a 692 kg/ha fertilization dose yielded the highest dry matter, protein content, crude fat, and crude fiber production.
Secondary metabolic analysis of three shallot cultivars on coastal peatlands in Meranti Islands District, Riau Province, Indonesia SELVIA SUTRIANA; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; EDI PURWANTO; HASAN BASRI JUMIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260509

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Abstract. Sutriana S, Samanhudi, Purwanto E, Jumin HB. 2025. Secondary metabolic analysis of three shallot cultivars on coastal peatlands in Meranti Islands District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2106-2116. Shallot (Allium ascalonicum) is a strategic horticultural vegetable commodity with great potential to be developed due to the various secondary metabolite content, such as flavonoid, phenol, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity, which are crucial for health. This study aimed to identify and determine the secondary metabolism values of three shallot cultivars in coastal peatlands, namely Bima Brebes, Trisula, and SS Sakato. Shallot bulbs were extracted by maceration, followed by phytochemical content filtration. The total phenol, anthocyanin, as well as flavonoid levels were assessed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), while antioxidant activity was estimated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results indicated that SS Sakato cultivar had the highest extract yield of 12.17%. Bima Brebes and Trisula cultivars contained flavonoid, phenol, terpenoid, and steroid phytochemical, while SS Sakato had flavonoid, phenol, and terpenoid. Moreover, Bima Brebes produced the highest total phenol and flavonoid and SS Sakato had the highest anthocyanin. The standard retention time of quercetin from three shallot cultivars ranged from 9.167 to 9.227 minutes, with an average of 9.192 minutes. Bima Brebes was also found to have the best antioxidant activity as indicated by Inhibition Concentration50 (IC50) value.
Genetic characterization of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) with different flower colors and petal types using SRAP markers SUSANTI INDRIYA WATI; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; ENDANG YUNIASTUTI; EDI PURWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260806

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Abstract. Wati SI, Samanhudi S, Yuniastuti E, Purwanto E. 2025. Genetic characterization of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) with different flower colors and petal types using SRAP markers. Biodiversitas 26: 3722-3730. The butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) is an essential medicinal and ornamental plant in Indonesia, known for its diverse petal colors and forms. This study aimed to assess genetic diversity among eight C. ternatea accessions with varying flower colors and petal types using 10 SRAP primer combinations. The 114 DNA bands were amplified, and the average degree of polymorphism across all primer combinations was 87.12%. Two primer combinations (Me3Em3 and Me4Em4) displayed 100% polymorphism. The markers showed an average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of 0.31, while the mean Resolving Power (RP) and Marker Index (MI) were 5.50 and 3.24, respectively. The genetic relationships using UPGMA and PCoA revealed two main groups: Cluster 1, which included 1U (purple flower, single petal), 1Pn (pink flower, single petal), 2U (purple flower, double petal), and 2Pn (pink flower, double petal), and Cluster 2, which included 1B (blue flower, single petal), 1Pt (white flower, single petal), 2B (blue flower, double petal), and 2Pt (white flower, double petal). STRUCTURE analysis revealed a more precise genetic separation, with accessions 1U, 1B, 1Pn, and 1Pt clustered in Cluster 1, and 2U, 2B, 2Pn, and 2Pt clustered in Cluster 2. These findings are not only important for breeding programs, but also for conservation strategies. They provide valuable insights that can guide efforts to preserve the genetic diversity of C. ternatea, highlighting the crucial role of this research in the broader context of plant conservation.
Co-Authors Adi Ratriyanto Agastya Putra Pradipta Agnofi Merdeka Efendi AHMAD YUNUS Ahmad Yunus Ahmad Yunus Alfida Muthi’ah AMALIA TETRANI SAKYA AMALIA TETRANI SAKYA Amalia Tetrani Sakya Amalia Tetrani Sakya Amalia Tetrani Sakya Amalia Tetrani Sakya Amalia Tetrani Sakya Amalia Tetrani Sakya Amalia Tetrani Sakya Amalia Tetrani Sakya, Amalia Tetrani ANDRIYANA SETYAWATI ANDRIYANA SETYAWATI Andriyana Setiyawati Andriyana Setyawati Anif Nur Artanti, Anif Nur Anindya Saras ANIVERSARI APRIANA Anne Sukmawati ARI SUSILOWATI ATMITRI SISHARMINI Ayu Lestari BAMBANG PUJIASMANTO Bambang Pujiasmanto Bambang Pujiasmanto Bambang Pujiasmanto Bambang Pujiasmanto Bambang Pujiasmanto Dewi Selvia Maulida Saputri Dewi, Reni Surya Dhimas Taufika Putra DIDIK SUDIHARDJO Djoko Purnomo Djoko Purnomo Djoko Purnomo Dwi Hardjoko Dwi Harjoko Eddy Tri Haryanto EDI PURWANTO EDI PURWANTO EDI PURWANTO Edi Purwanto Edi Purwanto EDI PURWANTO EDI PURWANTO Edi Purwanto Edi Purwanto Edi Purwanto Edi Purwanto Edi Purwanto Edi Purwanto EKA HANDAYANTA Elvy Carolina Pane ENDANG YUNIASTUTI Endang Setyowati ENDANG YUNIASTUTI Erni Irawati Eviani Eviani FAROUQ HEIDAR BARIDO Fitri Aprillia Fitria Roviqowati Fitrotunnisa Al-batul Gani Cahyo Gani Cahyo Handoyo Gani Cahyo Handoyo Hadiandra Harfiansyah Hardjoko, Dwi HASAN BASRI JUMIN Hassan Bashir Hassan Bashir Himawan Joko Riswanda Ida Rumia Manurung Ida Rumia Manurung Ida Rumia Manurung Indah Tri Retnosari Indrawan Fahmi Iswahyudi Iswahyudi Iswahyudi Iswahyudi Iswahyudi Iswahyudi Iswahyudi Iwan Dewangga Joko Prihanto Kevin Putra Setyawan Lixin Zhang MARINA RUZYATI Mochammad Danny Sukardan Muhammad Aji Cahyadi Muhammad Imam Wicaksono Muhammad Imam Wicaksono Muhammad Naufal Adani MUJI RAHAYU Muji Rahayu Muji Rahayu Muji Rahayu MUMTAZ MUAWANAH Nadia Alifia Rahma Nandariyah, Nandariyah Naufal Ghazy Wicaksono Nugraheni Nugraheni NUR AZIZAH USWATUN HASANAH NUR AZIZAH USWATUN HASANAH Nurkholis Majid Okky Talitha ONGKO CAHYONO ONGKO CAHYONO Paramasari Dirgahayu PUJI HARSONO PUJI HARSONO Puji Harsono Purwanto Purwanto Qonita Rahma Dwiyanti Rahayu, Ria Muji Rahmanto Rahmanto Retna Bandriyati Arniputri Retna Bandriyati Arniputri Retna Bandriyati Arniputri Retna Bandriyati Arniputri Retna Bandriyati Arniputri Riandy Adhitya Rina Puji Lestari RIZKA NOVI SESANTI S.Pd. M Kes I Ketut Sudiana . Saat Egra Saras, Anindya Satya Primasasta Zulhivan SELVIA SUTRIANA SETIYANINGSIH, ARY SHOLAHUDDIN SHOLAHUDDIN Sigit PRASTOWO Siti Mardhika Sari Sri Hartati SRI HARTATI Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sri Hartati Sri Mulyani SUDADI SUDADI Sudarmi Sudarmi Sulandjari Sulandjari, Sulandjari Supriyono Supriyono SUSANTI INDRIYA WATI TRI JOKO SANTOSO Tyas Alivia Wulandari Venty Suryanti Wartoyo Wartoyo Zuraida Anniswa Bachtiar