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Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile-Polyethersulfone Nanofibers Loaded with Reduced Graphene Oxide from Palm Kernel Shell forWastewater Filtration Dani, Rahma; Almafie, Muhammad Rama; Mataram, Agung; Lamura, M. Danny Pratama; Akhsan, Hamdi; Marlina, Leni; Fudholi, Ahmad; Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi; Sriyanti, Ida
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.457-480

Abstract

The development of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)–Polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiber membranes loaded with Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) offers an innovative and sustainable solution for water filtration. This study synthesized and characterized PAN–PES loaded rGO nanofiber membranes using an electrospinning technique. A PAN–PES mixture (8:2 mass ratio) at 10–20 wt% served as the matrix, with 48 mg of rGO added. The membranes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, water absorption, immersion resistance, and clean water permeability (CWP). The resulting nanofibers exhibited defect-free, bead-free, and uniform morphology with diameters ranging from 389 to 757 nm. FTIR confirmed hydrogen bonding between PAN–PES and rGO, while XRD showed sharp peaks with a maximum crystallinity of 33.52%. The membrane displayed a Young’s modulus of 57.83 MPa and remained stable after 32 days of immersion. It demonstrated superhydrophilic behavior with a contact angle of 72.4o to 74.3o, sustaining a stable water flux at 6.0 bar for 60 min, yielding a permeability of 3.25 to 23 L/m2.h.bar and an equilibrium water content of 69 to 91%. Surface morphology before and after wastewater filtration revealed effective contaminant capture and strong antifouling resistance. These results confirm that PAN–PES loaded rGO nanofiber membranes possess excellent mechanical stability, high permeability, and superior wettability, providing a promising pathway for advanced, sustainable water filtration applications.
Co-Authors Afifa, Mardiah Agung Mataram Agustini, Meily P Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Ahmad Fudholi Aldi, Muhamad Abel Kirana Alfikro, Ihsan Alisya, Rona Almafie, Muhammad Rama Anida Chairatunnisa Anissa Arianti Anjani, Rahma Putria Apit Fathurohman Ardi Aulia, Dwi Marwa Azhari, M. Aswa Cecil Hiltrimartin Chairunnisa Chairunnisa Dani, Rahma Deshiana, Ayu Effendi Effendi Eka Supriasih Feri Iskandar Feri Iskandar Fiber Monado Fitonia, Allika Fitria, Silfiyana Gelby Pradina Paramitha Gelby Pradina Paramitha Hamdi Akhsan Hapizah Idha Royani Idha Royani Idjan, Meutia Kamilatun Nuha Ap Iful Amri Innas Amalia Utami Ismet Ismet Ismet Ismet Ismet, Ismet Jaidan Jauhari Jannah, Fathya Nurul Juliansyah, Dendi Kartikasari, Meri Ketang Wiyono Ketang Wiyono Khairurijal . Khairurijal Khairurijal Khotimah, Masayu Husnul Kurdiati, Lintang Auliya Lamura, M. Danny Pratama Leni - Marlina Leni Marlina Leni Marlina Leni Marlina Lia Apriliana Ludiansyah, Anggi M Rama Almafie M Rudi Sanjaya MAHARANI, MELINDA Maharani, Senandung Citra Maknun, Lu’luil Maylen, Venny Meilinda Meilinda Meilinda Meilinda Meily P Agustini Meily Putri Agustini Meitaza, Dariah Melly Ariska MEURETTA ALAWIYAH PULUNGAN Meutia Kamilatun Nuha Ap Idjan Mikrajuddin Abdullah Muhamad Yusup Mutiara Meiwandari Nadia, Hartisyah Nor Farahwahidah binti Abdul Rahman Nova Anjarwati Nugraha, Yuda Prasetya Nuriz Dariyani Nyimas Aisyah Nyimas Aisyah Patriot, Evelina Astra Pratiwi, Mia Marsela Pratiwi, Nadirra Pulungan, Meuretta Alawiyah Puteri, Anisya Sefina Putri, Apriliski Amanda RA Sania Noviana Radiyati Umi Partan Radiyati Umi Partan, Radiyati Umi RAFLI PANDU RAMADHANI Rahayu, Anita Yuza Rahma Dani Rahman, Nor Farawahidah Abdul Rahmanita Ramadhona, Tyse Ratu Ilma Indra Putri Rayhanu, Ashfi Rina Aprilia Ritonga, Ahmad Fitra Riyanto Rosdiana Rosdiana Ryatanti, Nyimas Edwilliyah Sanjaya, M Rudi Sanjaya, Muhammad Rudi Sardianto Markos Siahaan, Sardianto Markos Sari, Nur Azizah Purnama Sary Silvhiany Sela, Melinia Sudirman, Sudirman Sukemi Sukemi Supriasih, Eka Syahputri, Selvia Mariska Syamsiar, Syamsiar Syntia, Miranda Putri Syuhendri, Syuhendri Ujang Supriyadi Wahyu Indra Bayu Wiyono*, Ketang Yuda Prasetya Nugraha Zainuddin Nawawi Zulkardi Zulkardi Zulkarnain, Nur Najihah Binti