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Sintesis Kulit Telur Ayam/Fly Ash Menjadi Katalis Cao/Fly Ash Untuk Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Off Grade Menjadi Biodiesel Desly Fadilla Simbolon; Zuchra Helwani; Edy Saputra
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 6 (2019): Edisi 2 Juli s/d Desember 2019
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

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Abstract

Heterogeneous solid base catalyst by modificated Eggshells through calcination, hydration, dehydration methods with iron powder through impregnation method to load calcium oxide with eggshells as precursor. The catalyst with the highest activity is obtained when the calcination temperature of 900°C and the calcination time of 3 hours under transesterification reaction conditions of a molar ratio of methanol/oil 6:1, catalyst dosage of 6% by weight, temperature of 70 °C for 2 hours with yield biodiesel results reached 86.20%.Keyword: biodiesel, calcination, calcium oxide, catalysts, iron powder.
Palm Frond Waste as a Carbon Source in the Synthesis of CaO/Biochar Catalysts for the Biodiesel Production Process Helwani, Zuchra; Amraini, Said Zul; Asmura, Jecky; Siregar, Thasya Nurfadillah; Triwahyuni, Vanny Efia; Abd , Ammar Ali
Heca Journal of Applied Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): June 2023
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/hjas.v1i1.9

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This study aims to synthesize and determine the characterization of activated CaO/Biochar and identify the effect of the mass ratio of CaO/Biochar and KOH concentration on the activity of CaO/Biochar catalysts for the synthesis of CPO-based biodiesel. CaO was obtained from eggshell waste. Biochar is obtained from palm fronds through a torrefaction process. CaO/Biochar catalyst was synthesized by impregnation process using KOH solution. The biodiesel transesterification process using CaO/Biochar catalysts. XRD analysis results obtained CaO and Ca(OH)2 compounds in the catalyst, and the basicity value of the catalyst was >9.3. The best catalytic activity of the CaO/biochar catalyst was obtained at a mass ratio of 12:10 and a concentration of 20% KOH catalyst, with a biodiesel yield of 75.1%.
Clinical and oral microbiome pattern of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis Ningsih, Diana S.; Idroes, Rinaldi; Bachtiar, Boy M.; Khairan, Khairan; Tallei, Trina E.; Kemala, Pati; Maulydia, Nur B.; Idroes, Ghazi M.; Helwani, Zuchra
Narra J Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i2.163

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Halitosis is caused by a bacterial proteolytic process that induces the production of volatile sulfur compounds, odor-causing gases. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical oral hygiene state and oral microbiome pattern of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis. The oral hygiene state of halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis was assessed using the oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S), decay missing filled teeth (DMFT), and tongue biofilm. The dorsum of the tongue and subgingival swabs were cultured for bacteria, and bacterial morphology was evaluated using Gram staining. Evaluation of the bacterial genus using the Bergey's systematic bacteriology diagram as a guide. A total of ten patients with periodontitis and gingivitis were included. Our data indicated that the scores of OHI-S and DMFT were different significantly between halitosis patients with periodontitis and gingivitis (both had p<0.001) while tongue biofilm score was not different between groups. On the dorsum of the tongue, periodontitis patients had a significant higher oral microbiome population (85.65x106 CFU/mL) compared to those with gingivitis (0.047x106 CFU/mL) with p=0.002. In contrast, the number of microbiomes in the subgingival had no significant different between periodontitis and gingivitis. On the dorsum of the tongue, six bacterial genera were isolated from periodontitis cases and seven genera were detected from gingivitis patients. On subgingival, 10 and 15 genera were identified from periodontitis and gingivitis, respectively. Fusobacterium, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium and Lactobacillus were the most prevalent among periodontitis cases while Porphyromonas was the most prevalent in gingivitis patients. In conclusion, although OHI-S and DMFT are different between periodontitis and gingivitis, overlapping of bacterial genera was detected between periodontitis and gingivitis cases.
Optimizing antimicrobial synergy: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Calotropis gigantea leaves enhanced by patchouli oil Kemala, Pati; Khairan, Khairan; Ramli, Muliadi; Helwani, Zuchra; Rusyana, Asep; Lubis, Vanizra F.; Ahmad, Khairunnas; Idroes, Ghazi M.; Noviandy, Teuku R.; Idroes, Rinaldi
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.800

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from plant extracts have gained attention for their potential applications in biomedicine. Calotropis gigantea has been utilized to synthesize AgNPs, called AgNPs-LCg, and exhibit antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as antifungal. However, further enhancement of their antimicrobial properties is needed. The aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs-LCg and to enhance their antimicrobial and antifungal activities through a hybrid green synthesis reaction using patchouli oil (PO), as well as to characterize the synthesized AgNPs-LCg. Optimization was conducted using the response surface method (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). AgNPs-LCg were synthesized under optimal conditions and hybridized with different forms of PO—crude, distillation wastewater (hydrolate), and heavy and light fractions—resulting in PO-AgNPs-LCg, PH-AgNPs-LCg, LP-AgNPs-LCg, and HP-AgNPs-LCg, respectively. The samples were then tested for their antibacterial (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria) and antifungal activities. Our data indicated that all samples, including those with distillation wastewater, had enhanced antimicrobial activity. HP-AgNPs-LCg, however, had the highest efficacy; therefore, only HP-AgNPs-LCg proceeded to the characterization stage for comparison with AgNPs-LCg. UV-Vis spectrophotometry indicated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks at 400 nm for AgNPs-LCg and 360 nm for HP-AgNPs-LCg. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of O-H, N-H, and C-H groups in C. gigantea extract and AgNP samples. The smallest AgNPs-LCg were 56 nm, indicating successful RSM optimization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed spherical AgNPs-LCg and primarily cubic HP-AgNPs-LCg, with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirming silver's predominance. This study demonstrated that PO in any form significantly enhances the antimicrobial properties of AgNPs-LCg. The findings pave the way for the exploration of enhanced and environmentally sustainable antimicrobial agents, capitalizing on the natural resources found in Aceh Province, Indonesia.
Utilization of Empty Palm Fruit Bunches as a Carbon Source for Cellulase Production to Reduce Solid Waste from Palm Oil Amraini, Said Zul; Nazaris, Nazsha Nayyazsha; Andrio, David; Mardhiansyah, Muhammad; Helwani, Zuchra
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v1i1.41

Abstract

Cellulase enzymes are widely used in textile, food, detergent, pulp and paper industries and biofuel, so the need for enzymes continues to increase every year. One of many biomass wastes found in Indonesia is empty fruit bunches (EFB) that can be used as a carbon source as a substitute for expensive pure cellulose (CMC) and Bacillus subtilis isolates. This study aims to obtain the optimum conditions the production of cellulase enzymes with variations in the pre-treatment of EFB and pH variations of the medium using Bacillus subtilis. Pre-treatment was carried out to hydrolysed lignocellulosic biomass was more easily and increased glucose levels which would enter the next production stage. Variations in pre-treatment were carried out by adding acids, bases and organosolv process, as well as variations in pH at 6.5; 7.0 and 7.5, respectively. Enzyme activity was calculated using the Nelson-Somogyi method. When using acid, the enzyme activity is 0.041, while using organosolv, it is obtained 0.057 each at pH 7. The results showed that the highest enzyme activity was obtained at a pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 40 ºC on EFB substrate pretreated with a base of 0.204 U/ml. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of using EFB waste as a substrate for cellulase enzyme production, by providing an alternative approach to decrease raw material expenses and mitigate environmental pollution.
Biocomposite Innovation: Assessing Tensile and Flexural Performance with Maleated Natural Rubber Additives Fatra, Warman; Anuar, Kaspul; Oktriyono, Febri Dwi; Fernando, Rivo; Helwani, Zuchra; Rusyana, Asep; Zul Amraini, Said
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v1i2.98

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Fiberglass is the most common reinforcing fiber used in composites, with polymer matrices having high tensile strength and chemical resistance, including an excellent insulating property; however, they are non-degradable. Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites have advantageous properties such as lower density and price, when compared to synthetic composite products. In addition, hybrid composites may be obtained depending on various properties such as the fibers' length, structure, content and orientation, matrix bonding and arrangement. This study was carried out to determine the effect of adding Maleated Natural Rubber (MNR) from natural rubber as a coupling agent, in order to produce the highest tensile and flexural strength. The hand lay-up and vacuum bag methods with the Response Surface Method-Central Composite Design (RSM). -CCD) were used. The composite arrangement pattern was E-glass/OPEFB/E-glass, the volume fraction of OPEFB (oil palm empty fruit bunches):E-glass was 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40, the fraction volume of OPEFB + E-glass:matrix was 40:60, 50: 50, 60: 40 and the coupling agent were added by 9, 10 and 11% of the total epoxy resin used. Furthermore, the composite mold was made of glass with dimensions of 200mm x 50mm x 50mm. The results showed that the composite product obtained from both methods had a tensile strength value, which was influenced by the variable OPEFB fiber and epoxy resin. Meanwhile, the flexural strength was influenced by the OPEFB fiber and the quadratic factor of the epoxy-MNR resin.
Urban Air Quality Classification Using Machine Learning Approach to Enhance Environmental Monitoring Idroes, Ghazi Mauer; Noviandy, Teuku Rizky; Maulana, Aga; Zahriah, Zahriah; Suhendrayatna, Suhendrayatna; Suhartono, Eko; Khairan, Khairan; Kusumo, Fitranto; Helwani, Zuchra; Abd Rahman, Sunarti
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v1i2.99

Abstract

Urban areas worldwide grapple with environmental challenges, notably air pollution. DKI Jakarta, Indonesia's capital city, is emblematic of this struggle, where rapid urbanization contributes to increased pollutants. This study employed the CatBoost machine learning algorithm, known for its resistance to overfitting and capability to handle missing data, to predict urban air quality based on pollutant levels from 2010 to 2021. The dataset, sourced from Jakarta's air quality monitoring stations, includes pollutants such as PM10, SO2, CO, O3, and NO2. After preprocessing, we used 80% of the data for training and 20% for testing. The model displayed high accuracy (0.9781), precision (0.9722), and recall (0.9728). The feature importance chart revealed O3 (Ozone) as the top influencer of air quality predictions, followed by PM10. Our findings highlight the dominant pollutants affecting urban air quality in Jakarta, Indonesia and emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to reduce their concentrations and ensure a cleaner and healthier urban environment.
Eco-Friendly Approach to Palm Oil Biodiesel Production: Torrefied Palm Frond Carbon as a Source for CaO/C/NaOH Catalysts Helwani, Zuchra; Amraini, Said Zul; Asmura, Jecky; Othman, Mohd. Roslee; Peliciamanuela, Samantha; Anggriani, Rara Dewi
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v2i1.171

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Biomass-based sources for energy generation have attracted much attention recently due to its environmental benefits. These days, using edible oils and alkali catalysts, such as CaO, is standard practice for the transesterification step of the biodiesel synthesis process. Glycerine and methanol will form hydrogen bonds with the oxygen ions on the CaO surface, increasing the viscosity of the glycerine and causing CaO to suspend. Even though CaO was utilized directly as a catalyst in the transesterification process, extracting the CaO and glycerine from the final product will be challenging. To solve this issue, any extra metal oxides or catalyst supports ought to be impregnated into the CaO. This work has investigated the possible use of eggshells and palm fronds in developing bifunctional catalysts for biodiesel production. A series makes the processes' catalyst, including impregnation, calcination, and torrefaction. To assess the catalyst's performance, the esterification and transesterification of palm oil with a 2.9% free fatty acid content were investigated at a methanol/oil ratio of 6:1, catalyst concentration of 1-3% by weight, reaction temperature of 70 °C, and duration of 3 hours. The catalyst was found to have a specific surface area of 8.266 m2/g. There was an 89.4% yield of biodiesel produced. A viable, economical, and ecologically friendly method of producing biodiesel is to use eggshells and palm fronds in catalyst synthesis.
Ensemble Machine Learning Approach for Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Based Drug Discovery: A Review Noviandy, Teuku Rizky; Maulana, Aga; Idroes, Ghazi Mauer; Emran, Talha Bin; Tallei, Trina Ekawati; Helwani, Zuchra; Idroes, Rinaldi
Infolitika Journal of Data Science Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): September 2023
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ijds.v1i1.91

Abstract

This comprehensive review explores the pivotal role of ensemble machine learning techniques in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling for drug discovery. It emphasizes the significance of accurate QSAR models in streamlining candidate compound selection and highlights how ensemble methods, including AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Extra Trees, XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost, effectively address challenges such as overfitting and noisy data. The review presents recent applications of ensemble learning in both classification and regression tasks within QSAR, showcasing the exceptional predictive accuracy of these techniques across diverse datasets and target properties. It also discusses the key challenges and considerations in ensemble QSAR modeling, including data quality, model selection, computational resources, and overfitting. The review outlines future directions in ensemble QSAR modeling, including the integration of multi-modal data, explainability, handling imbalanced data, automation, and personalized medicine applications while emphasizing the need for ethical and regulatory guidelines in this evolving field.
Environmental Benefits of Palm Oil Biodiesel Enhancement: Urea Complexation Optimization via RSM Helwani, Zuchra; Amraini, Said Zul; Abd Rahman, Sunarti; Zahrina, Ida; Julhijah, Noni; Ulfaa, Suci Mas’ama
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): October 2024
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v2i2.214

Abstract

Indonesian commercial biodiesel products are unstable due to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The urea inclusion compound (UIC) method is used during the fractionation process on PUFA to enhance its quality. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature, fatty acid ester metal (FAME)/methanol ratio, and crystallization time on increasing the concentration of PUFA concentrates and to produce high-performance biodiesel products with an iodine indicator <30–40 g I2/100 g. According to the most recent research, the UCF phase product is obtained at a combination of temperature and crystallization time of 20 °C and 4 h, respectively. It has an iodine number of 44.01 and an oxidation stability of 18.61 h, which is close to the criteria for high-performance biodiesel (<30 –40 g I2/100 g). Meanwhile, the results of this study obtained a UCF phase product that has an iodine number of 34.18 and yields 86.57% is obtained at a combination of temperature and crystallization time of 20 °C and 6 hr and FAME-methanol ratio of 6, respectively, which is close to the criteria for high-performance biodiesel (<30 –40 g I2/100 g). The longer complexation time and temperature significantly affected the FAME fractionation of the UCF phase.
Co-Authors Abd , Ammar Ali Abd Rahman, Sunarti Abdullah Syafi’i Adi Maulana Putra Adrianto Ahmad Afriyenti, Mia Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Ahmad Fadli Ahmad Fadli Ahmad, Khairunnas Ahmudi, Ali Al Qohyum Fernando Amir Awaluddin Amun Amri Andi Mulya Adha Andreas Sahat Parsaulian Andry Sutanto Anggraini, Diva Putri Anggriani, Rara Dewi Anna Apryana Anuar, Kaspul Ari Wibowo Harahap Arief Maulana Ilham Arini Puspita Ramadhanti Arya Wiranata Asal Felix Mandrofa Asep Rusyana Aswie, Viqha Ayu Naluri Bahruddin Bahruddin Bettry Rifani Boy M Bachtiar Boy M. Bachtiar Damayanti, Elok David Andrio Dedi Meier Silaban Delvi Yolanda Desi Ivo Andri Ari Desly Fadilla Simbolon Dhani Nur Miftahudin Diana S. Ningsih Dizikri, Dizikri Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati, Drastinawati Dwi Septiana Dwi Yuni Ernawati Edi Susanto Edy Saputra Eferius Mendrofa Eko Suhartono Emran, Talha Bin Evionitra, Azzahra Uthami Fachry Abda El Rahman Febrian Adhitya Febrina Dwi Putri Febrina Dwi Putri, Febrina Dwi Febrina, Wetri Febryanto Febryanto Fernando, Rivo Firman Tampubolon Fitra Annisa Ganis Kharisma Wiranti Ghazi M. Idroes Ghazi Mauer Idroes Gusti Ayu Nurjanah Hafiz, Fadlillahi Hamsar Hamsar Hanafi, Muhammad Rifter Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hasrul Hasrul Hawa, Karfika Ainil Hawa, Karfika Ainil Heni Sugesti Heriza Saputri Heru Kristianto Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Hutagaol, Martiandes I. K. Shamsudin I. K. Shamsudin Ida Zahrina Idral Amri Idroes, Ghazi M. Idroes, Ghifari Maulana Indarty, Rozanna Sri Irfan Sarhadi Akbar Jecky Asmura Jhon Fery Marihot Tua S Jimmy Anderson Julhijah, Noni Karfika Ainil Hawa Karina Octaria Putri Kemala, Pati Kesni Savitri Kesni savitri Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairat Khairat Khairat Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komang, Hendri Kusumo, Fitranto Lala, Andi Lita Darmayanti Lubis, Vanizra F. Lukman Arifin M. R. Othman M. R. Othman M. Wahyu Nugraha Martunus Martunus Martunus Martunus Maulana, Aga Maulydia, Nur B. Mery Christina Mia Afriyenti Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Mohd Fajri Amrullah Monika Shecilia Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi Muhammad Dian Rizky Muhammad Gus Iqbal Al-Pakningi Muhammad Mardhiansyah Muhammad Rahman Muhammad Rifki Aulia Rahman Muhammad Zen, Muhammad Muliadi Ramli Mulya, Dynna Ardilla Putri Muslim Abdurrahman, Muslim Mustapa Ardi N. Aziz N. Aziz Nabela, Tasya Nasution, Muhammad Hatta Nazaris, Nazsha Nayyazsha Neonufa, Godlief Frederick Ni putu Vidya Primarista Ningsih, Diana S. Nirmala Sari Nur B. Maulydia Nur Khairiati Nurfatihayati Nurwijayanti Oktriyono, Febri Dwi Olsy, Fradilla Othman, Mohd. Roslee Pati Kemala Peliciamanuela, Samantha Prasetyo Arva S, Prasetyo Arva Pratama, Teddy Pratama, Yudistira Putra Zelly Nugraha, Putra Zelly Putra, Bayu Eldino Putra, Yogi Lesmana Putri Anjani Putri, Karina Octaria Putri, Karina Octaria Qalbi, Tiffani Qurotullaili Qurotullaili Rafi, M Khaidiz Rahayu, Ricky Puji Rahman, Sunarti Abd Raja Heru Nur Alam Ichsan, Raja Heru Nur Alam Ramdhani Asywal Randi Sanjaya Randi Sanjaya, Randi Rendy Putra Perdana Reno Susanto Reski, M. Ricfan Anggriawan Rina Maryenti Rinaldi Idroes Rio Nanda Novendra Rivo Fernando Rizki, Juliana Romie Jhonnerie Romy Romy Romy Romy Rozanna Sri Irianty Saparullah, Zulkarnaen Sari &#039; Ulfayana Saryono Saryono Setiadi, Fydel Sherly Oktarizona, Shinta Anggraini Silvia Reni Yenti Simbolon, Kristin Madelin Siregar, Thasya Nurfadillah Sitorus, Mesakh Fridolin Sri Helianty Sri Helianty Sri Rezeki Muria Sugesti, Heni Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna Sukatin, Sukatin Sunarno Sunarno Surya, Andry Pratama Susanty, Wenny Susilowati Susilowati Syafi’i, Abdullah Syafrima Wahyu Syahputra, Dede Syaiful &#039; Bahri SYAIFUL BAHRI Syamsiar, Syamsiar Tengku Mukhlis Teuku Rizky Noviandy Topan Herianto Trina E. Tallei Trina E. Tallei, Trina E. TRINA EKAWATI TALLEI Trisuciati Syahwardini Trisuciati Syahwardini Triwahyuni, Vanny Efia Triyana Defi Ulfaa, Suci Mas’ama Ulima, Riris Vandhe Melsa Sembiring Viqrie Wahyudi Vito Oktariandi Walter Valentino Sinaga Warman Fatra, Warman Wenny Susanty Wenny Susanty Widya Yoesepha Yelmida Azis Yemita, Sylvia Yogi Chandra Yudha, Ricky Satria Z Zulfansyah Zahriah, Zahriah Zohera Zohera Zul Amraini, Said Zulfansyah Zulfansyah Zultiniar Zultiniar Zultiniar, Zultiniar