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Karakterisasi Biochar dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Febrina, Wetri; Awaluddin, Amir; Saryono, Saryono; Helwani, Zuchra
JURNAL UNITEK Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): Juli - Desember
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Dumai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52072/unitek.v17i2.1150

Abstract

Pada awalnya teknologi biochar berkembang pesat karena manfaatnya dalam meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, memperbaiki struktur tanah, meningkatkan hasil panen dan memperbaiki kondisi tanaman.. Penggunaan biochar saat ini meluas diluar bidang pertanian, diantaranya sebagai bahan bakar alternatif, dan sebagai adsorben dalam pengolahan air limbah. Pemanfaatan limbah pertanian dan perkebunan menjadikan pemanfaatan biochar bermanfaat dalam usaha untuk memperbaiki kondisi lingkungan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis karaktersitik fisikokimia biochar dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit, dan potensinya sebagai adsorben pengolahan limbah cair.  Biochar diaktifkan menggunakan kalium hidroksida (KOH) pada berbagai konsentrasi. EFB yang diaktivasi dengan KOH 3M menunjukkan kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi dibandingkan dengan yang diaktivasi dengan KOH 2M dan 1M. Hasil ini didukung oleh data tentang gugus fungsi dan struktur pori, yang diamati menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan metode Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET).
Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Off-grade Menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Barium Hidroksida Nurfatihayati; Helwani, Zuchra; Bahri, Syaiful
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v14i1.17736

Abstract

This research aimed to produce biodiesel from off-grade palm oil using barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) catalyst. The free fatty acid (FFA) content in off-grade palm oil is quite high, so the biodiesel production process is carried out in two-stages, i.e. esterification and transesterification. The esterification of off-grade palm oil (500 mL) was carried out at 60 oC for 1 hour, methanol:oil molar ratio of 12:1, stirrer speed of 400 rpm, and 1 wt-% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as the catalyst. Next, the transesterification process used a methanol:oil molar ratio of 9:1, stirrer speed of 400 rpm, for 2 hours with the variation of temperatures (50, 60, and 70 oC) and Ba(OH)2 catalyst amounts (1, 2 and 3 wt-%). The best result was obtained with 60 oC and Ba(OH)2 catalyst amount 3 wt-%. Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, the best yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 98.97%, with major components being 40.87% palmitic acid and 35.87% oleic acid. The characteristics of biodiesel produced were density of 860.46 kg/m3, viscosity of 4.08 mm/s2, flash point of 145 oC and acid value of 0.457 mg KOH/g biodiesel.
Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Off-grade Menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Barium Hidroksida Nurfatihayati; Helwani, Zuchra; Bahri, Syaiful
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v14i1.17736

Abstract

This research aimed to produce biodiesel from off-grade palm oil using barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) catalyst. The free fatty acid (FFA) content in off-grade palm oil is quite high, so the biodiesel production process is carried out in two-stages, i.e. esterification and transesterification. The esterification of off-grade palm oil (500 mL) was carried out at 60 oC for 1 hour, methanol:oil molar ratio of 12:1, stirrer speed of 400 rpm, and 1 wt-% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as the catalyst. Next, the transesterification process used a methanol:oil molar ratio of 9:1, stirrer speed of 400 rpm, for 2 hours with the variation of temperatures (50, 60, and 70 oC) and Ba(OH)2 catalyst amounts (1, 2 and 3 wt-%). The best result was obtained with 60 oC and Ba(OH)2 catalyst amount 3 wt-%. Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, the best yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 98.97%, with major components being 40.87% palmitic acid and 35.87% oleic acid. The characteristics of biodiesel produced were density of 860.46 kg/m3, viscosity of 4.08 mm/s2, flash point of 145 oC and acid value of 0.457 mg KOH/g biodiesel.
Improving the Environmental Performance of Palm Biodiesel via AgNO₃-Assisted Removal of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Helwani, Zuchra; Zahrina, Ida; Amraini, Said Zul; Idroes, Rinaldi; Neonufa, Godlief Frederick; Rahman, Sunarti Abd
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v3i1.274

Abstract

Indonesian biodiesel products commonly exhibit low oxidative stability and high cloud points, which limit their performance and widespread use. These drawbacks are primarily due to the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mixture that constitutes biodiesel. A more suitable biodiesel composition includes higher proportions of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, which offer better combustion properties, higher cetane numbers, and greater resistance to oxidative degradation. In contrast, PUFAs promote oxidation reactions, resulting in fuel instability, increased sludge formation, and higher emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, negatively impacting both engine performance and the environment.This study investigates the use of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) as a selective extraction agent to remove PUFAs from palm oil-derived FAME. The goal is to identify the most effective biodiesel-to-AgNO₃ volume ratio for separating saturated fatty acid fractions from unsaturated ones, in order to produce a more stable and environmentally friendly biodiesel. Experimental results show that a 1:2 volume ratio significantly reduces the iodine number, from 57.22 to 47.38 g I₂/100 g sample, indicating a decrease in unsaturated compounds. Furthermore, oxidative stability improved from 11.18 hours to 11.69 hours after extraction. The removal of PUFAs not only improves the fuel's storage and combustion stability but also enhances its environmental profile. More stable biodiesel burns more completely, reducing emissions of particulate matter and greenhouse gases, and contributing to cleaner air and lower environmental impact. Thus, PUFA extraction using AgNO₃ presents a promising approach for improving the sustainability and performance of palm-based biodiesel fuels.
Inductive Biases in Feature Reduction for QSAR: SHAP vs. Autoencoders Noviandy, Teuku Rizky; Idroes, Ghifari Maulana; Lala, Andi; Helwani, Zuchra; Idroes, Rinaldi
Infolitika Journal of Data Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ijds.v3i1.306

Abstract

Machine learning models in drug discovery often depend on high-dimensional molecular descriptors, many of which may be redundant or irrelevant. Reducing these descriptors is essential for improving model performance, interpretability, and computational efficiency. This study compares two widely used reduction strategies: SHAP-based feature selection and autoencoder-based compression, within the context of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) classification. LightGBM is used as a consistent modeling framework to evaluate models trained on all descriptors, the top 50 and 100 SHAP-ranked descriptors, and a 64-dimensional autoencoder embedding. The results show that SHAP-based selection produces interpretable and stable models with minimal performance loss, particularly when using the top 100 descriptors. In contrast, the autoencoder achieves the highest test performance by capturing nonlinear patterns in a compact, low-dimensional representation, although this comes at the cost of interpretability and consistency across data splits. These findings reflect the differing inductive biases of each method. SHAP prioritizes sparsity and attribution, while autoencoders focus on reconstruction and continuity. The analysis emphasizes that descriptor reduction strategies are not interchangeable. SHAP-based selection is suitable for applications where interpretability and reliability are essential, such as in hypothesis-driven or regulatory settings. Autoencoders are more appropriate for performance-driven tasks, including virtual screening. The choice of reduction strategy should be guided not only by performance metrics but also by the specific modeling requirements and assumptions relevant to cheminformatics workflows.
PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN MESOKARP TERHADAP KUALITAS BIOPELET YANG MEMENUHI STANDAR SNI 8675:2018 Amraini, Said Zul; Indarty, Rozanna Sri; Evionitra, Azzahra Uthami; Nabela, Tasya; Helwani, Zuchra; Ahmudi, Ali
JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/jip.v14i1.29363

Abstract

Limbah biomassa dari industri kelapa sawit, seperti tandan kosong sawit (TKS) dan mesokarp, memiliki potensi besar untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan biopelet, yang merupakan alternatif bahan bakar ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh variasi komposisi antara TKS dan mesokarp terhadap kualitas biopelet yang dihasilkan, serta untuk memastikan bahwa produk biopelet memenuhi standar nasional Indonesia (SNI) 8675:2018. Penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi variasi ukuran partikel 30 dan 60 mesh, serta penggunaan tepung tapioka sebagai perekat untuk meningkatkan kualitas biopelet. Empat perbandingan campuran bahan baku (b/b) diuji, yaitu 70% TKS:20% mesokarp, 50% TKS:40% mesokarp, 40% TKS:50% mesokarp, dan 30% TKS:60% mesokarp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biopelet terbaik diperoleh dari campuran TKS 40%, mesokarp 50%, dan tepung tapioka 10% dengan ukuran partikel 60 mesh. Biopelet tersebut memiliki kerapatan 0,89 g/cm³, kadar air 2,75%, kadar abu 13,07%, kadar karbon terikat 28,62%, dan nilai kalor 5239,43 kal/g, yang semuanya kecuali kadar abu, memenuhi kriteria yang ditetapkan dalam SNI 8675:2018. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi baru dalam optimasi pemanfaatan limbah kelapa sawit dengan menghasilkan biopelet berkualitas tinggi yang memenuhi standar nasional.
Screening Polimer Untuk Eor (Enhanced Oil Recovery) Di Lapangan “X” Minyak Cekungan Sumatera Tengah Septiana, Dwi; Helwani, Zuchra; Abdurrahman, Muslim
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 3 No 1 (2022): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.3.1.39-52

Abstract

Oil is the energy source that people demand and use the most right now. Recent years have seen a lot of interest in polymer flooding as a cutting-edge chemical-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) solution. Field X Minyak Cekungan Sumatera is acceptable for chemical EOR (Polymer) testing with a success range of up to 70%. The polymer solution will follow the channel that the water has created, and because of its high viscosity, it tends to "block" this area of the reservoir, allowing previously immobilized oil to start flowing. This can improve sweep efficiency. In this study, four polymers will undertake screening tests on the basis of compatibility, concentration, viscosity vs. shear rate, filtration, screen factor, and thermal stability. The best results is polymer 2 after polymer screening included passing the compatibility test, producing the best viscosity compared to the other three polymers at the same concentration, FR 1.2, having the best screen factor value compared to the other three polymers, and passing the thermal stability test.
The Potent Antimicrobial Spectrum of Patchouli: Systematic Review of Its Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Antiviral Properties Kemala, Pati; Idroes, Rinaldi; Khairan, Khairan; Ramli, Muliadi; Tallei, Trina Ekawati; Helwani, Zuchra; Rahman, Sunarti Abd
Malacca Pharmaceutics Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/mp.v2i1.156

Abstract

ntention towards natural essential oils from medicinal plants has increased rapidly over the past decade as these oils have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties against various chronic diseases. One essential oil source with antimicrobial properties is the essential oil from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. This review aims to provide information on using patchouli oil as an antimicrobial against bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens in the last five years. There were 37 articles found in the PUBMED database by June 15, 2023. After searching, 6 of them were duplicates. A total of 2 papers were inaccessible, 4 were not research articles, and five were excluded because they were irrelevant to the scope of this study. This review shows that research related to patchouli as an antimicrobial in the last five years involves Pogostemon cablin leaf samples as silver nanoparticle bioreductors. Patchouli oil is used in membrane, nanocomposite film, and starch hydrogel manufacturing. Patchouli oil is a prestigious antimicrobial agent because it can fight numerous pathogenic microbes from bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Optimasi Proses Pembuatan Arang Batang Sawit Melalui Proses Karbonisasi Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology Afriyenti, Mia; Helwani, Zuchra; Fatra, Warman
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Palm oil trunk until this date is a waste which still not been used maximally, so palm oil trunk have potential to be used as alternative energy resource of solid fuel with the way of increasing its calorific value through carbonization process. Carbonization is converting process of biomass to become charcoal at temperature range 300-600 oC in inert condition. The objective of this research is to study the characteristics of resulted solid fuels. Palm oil carbonization used tube furnace as reactor within operating conditions of temperature (350, 400 and 450 oC), residence time (90, 120 and 150 minutes) and feed size (2, 4 and 6 cm). The analized responses were calorific value and volatile matter content. Obtained result for calorific value amounts 24,426.300-28,929.100 kJ/kg and volatile matter content amounts 8-19 %. The obtained analysis is processed using Design Expert v7.0.0 Trial Version. Processing data begins with using first order to see the degree of curvature. Degree of curvature obtained indicate the model to use is second order. Level of significance between variables can be observed from the value of P-value < 0,05 and lack of fit > 0,05, which indicate that model is suitable with the obtained data. R2 obtained for Y1 = 0.9486 and Y2 = 0.9704. The most influential factors to all responses are carbonization temperature followed with residence time and feed size. At optimum operating conditions (temperature 449,99 °C during 149,96 minutes with feed size 2 cm), the value of optimum responses obtained are Y1= 28.282,2 kJ/kg and Y2 = 9,234 %.Keywords : biomass, carbonization, optimization, palm oil trunk, rsm, solid fuel
Pengaruh Kondisi Proses Terhadap Kuat Tarik Pulp Pada Pembuatan Pulp Rumput Perimping Dengan Pelarut Organik Asam Formiat Susanto, Edi; Helwani, Zuchra; Zulfansyah, Zulfansyah
Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains Vol 5, No 1 (2018): Wisuda April Tahun 2018
Publisher : Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Teknik dan Sains

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Perimping grass is one of lignocellulosic material which has not been fully utilized, so it is potential to be used as raw material for pulping which will provide economic value added. Organosolv pulping is the process of pulp making using organic solution. The objectives of this research is to study effect of the process conditions on tensile index. Effect of the process conditions were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The experiment pulping is carried out at the boiling temperature of liquor at atmospheric pressure, with 40 grams of perimping grass using formic acid (concentrations of 60%, 70%, and 80%), reaction time (60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 180 minutes), liquid to solid ratio (10/1, 15/1 , And 20/1 b/b), with HCl catalyst 0.1% wt. The result pulp of the perimping grass for tensile index is 659.3-2.1149 N m/g. The variable interaction (concentration of formic acid and reaction time) is a significant factor to the pulp tensile index.Keywords: formic acid, organosolv pulping, perimping grass, RSM, tensile index
Co-Authors Abd , Ammar Ali Abd Rahman, Sunarti Abdullah Syafi’i Adi Maulana Putra Adrianto Ahmad Afriyenti, Mia Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Agustiyanti, Rini Dwi Ahmad Fadli Ahmad Fadli Ahmad, Khairunnas Ahmudi, Ali Al Qohyum Fernando Amir Awaluddin Amun Amri Andi Mulya Adha Andreas Sahat Parsaulian Andry Sutanto Anggraini, Diva Putri Anggriani, Rara Dewi Anna Apryana Anuar, Kaspul Ari Wibowo Harahap Arief Maulana Ilham Arini Puspita Ramadhanti Arya Wiranata Asal Felix Mandrofa Asep Rusyana Aswie, Viqha Ayu Naluri Bahruddin Bahruddin Bettry Rifani Boy M Bachtiar Boy M. Bachtiar Damayanti, Elok David Andrio Dedi Meier Silaban Delvi Yolanda Desi Ivo Andri Ari Desly Fadilla Simbolon Dhani Nur Miftahudin Diana S. Ningsih Dizikri, Dizikri Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati Drastinawati, Drastinawati Dwi Septiana Dwi Yuni Ernawati Edi Susanto Edy Saputra Eferius Mendrofa Eko Suhartono Emran, Talha Bin Evionitra, Azzahra Uthami Fachry Abda El Rahman Febrian Adhitya Febrina Dwi Putri Febrina Dwi Putri, Febrina Dwi Febrina, Wetri Febryanto Febryanto Fernando, Rivo Firman Tampubolon Fitra Annisa Ganis Kharisma Wiranti Ghazi M. Idroes Ghazi Mauer Idroes Gusti Ayu Nurjanah Hafiz, Fadlillahi Hamsar Hamsar Hanafi, Muhammad Rifter Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hari Rionaldo Hasrul Hasrul Hawa, Karfika Ainil Hawa, Karfika Ainil Heni Sugesti Heriza Saputri Heru Kristianto Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Hutagaol, Martiandes I. K. Shamsudin I. K. Shamsudin Ida Zahrina Idral Amri Idroes, Ghazi M. Idroes, Ghifari Maulana Indarty, Rozanna Sri Irfan Sarhadi Akbar Jecky Asmura Jhon Fery Marihot Tua S Jimmy Anderson Julhijah, Noni Karfika Ainil Hawa Karina Octaria Putri Kemala, Pati Kesni savitri Kesni Savitri Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairan Khairat Khairat Khairat Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komalasari Komang, Hendri Kusumo, Fitranto Lala, Andi Lita Darmayanti Lubis, Vanizra F. Lukman Arifin M. R. Othman M. R. Othman M. Wahyu Nugraha Martunus Martunus Martunus Martunus Maulana, Aga Maulydia, Nur B. Mery Christina Mia Afriyenti Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Miftahudin, Dhani Nur Mohd Fajri Amrullah Monika Shecilia Muh. Fadlan Alfuadi Muhammad Dian Rizky Muhammad Gus Iqbal Al-Pakningi Muhammad Mardhiansyah Muhammad Rahman Muhammad Rifki Aulia Rahman Muhammad Zen, Muhammad Muliadi Ramli Mulya, Dynna Ardilla Putri Muslim Abdurrahman, Muslim Mustapa Ardi N. Aziz N. Aziz Nabela, Tasya Nasution, Muhammad Hatta Nazaris, Nazsha Nayyazsha Neonufa, Godlief Frederick Ni putu Vidya Primarista Ningsih, Diana S. Nirmala Sari Nur B. Maulydia Nur Khairiati Nurfatihayati Nurwijayanti Oktriyono, Febri Dwi Olsy, Fradilla Othman, Mohd. Roslee Pati Kemala Peliciamanuela, Samantha Prasetyo Arva S, Prasetyo Arva Pratama, Teddy Pratama, Yudistira Putra Zelly Nugraha, Putra Zelly Putra, Bayu Eldino Putra, Yogi Lesmana Putri Anjani Putri, Karina Octaria Putri, Karina Octaria Qalbi, Tiffani Qurotullaili Qurotullaili Rafi, M Khaidiz Rahayu, Ricky Puji Rahman, Sunarti Abd Raja Heru Nur Alam Ichsan, Raja Heru Nur Alam Ramdhani Asywal Randi Sanjaya Randi Sanjaya, Randi Rendy Putra Perdana Reno Susanto Reski, M. Ricfan Anggriawan Rina Maryenti Rinaldi Idroes Rio Nanda Novendra Rivo Fernando Rizki, Juliana Romie Jhonnerie Romy Romy Romy Romy Rozanna Sri Irianty Saparullah, Zulkarnaen Sari &#039; Ulfayana Saryono Saryono Setiadi, Fydel Sherly Oktarizona, Shinta Anggraini Silvia Reni Yenti Simbolon, Kristin Madelin Siregar, Thasya Nurfadillah Sitorus, Mesakh Fridolin Sri Helianty Sri Helianty Sri Rezeki Muria Sugesti, Heni Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna Sukatin, Sukatin Sunarno Sunarno Surya, Andry Pratama Susanty, Wenny Susilowati Susilowati Syafi’i, Abdullah Syafrima Wahyu Syahputra, Dede Syaiful &#039; Bahri SYAIFUL BAHRI Syamsiar, Syamsiar Tengku Mukhlis Teuku Rizky Noviandy Topan Herianto Trina E. Tallei Trina E. Tallei, Trina E. TRINA EKAWATI TALLEI Trisuciati Syahwardini Trisuciati Syahwardini Triwahyuni, Vanny Efia Triyana Defi Ulfaa, Suci Mas’ama Ulima, Riris Vandhe Melsa Sembiring Viqrie Wahyudi Vito Oktariandi Walter Valentino Sinaga Warman Fatra, Warman Wenny Susanty Wenny Susanty Widya Yoesepha Yelmida Azis Yemita, Sylvia Yogi Chandra Yudha, Ricky Satria Z Zulfansyah Zahriah, Zahriah Zohera Zohera Zul Amraini, Said Zulfansyah Zulfansyah Zultiniar Zultiniar Zultiniar, Zultiniar