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SARS-CoV-2 lineages and naso-oropharyngeal bacterial communities in COVID-19 reinfection: A study in West Java, Indonesia Sativa, Alvira R.; Asyifa, Isnaini Z.; Adzdzakiy, Muhammad M.; Iryanto, Syam B.; Nugroho, Herjuno A.; Wulandari, Ari S.; Yanthi, Nova D.; Nasrulloh, Mukh F.; Rahmawati, Ema; Alamanda, Cut NC.; Ristandi, Ryan B.; Rachman, Rifky W.; Robiani, Rini; Agustiyani, Dian F.; Wisnuwardhani, Popi H.; Wardiana, Andri; Ningrum, Ratih A.; Dharmayanthi, Anik B.; Prasetyoputri, Anggia; Fibriani, Azzania; Saputra, Sugiyono
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i3.2901

Abstract

Continuous emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants may influence viral transmission dynamics and alter interactions with the respiratory microbiota, potentially increasing the risks of reinfection. This study investigated cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection in West Java, Indonesia, with the aim of identifying the SARS-CoV-2 variants involved, characterizing their genomic mutations, and profiling the nasal and oropharyngeal microbiota associated with reinfection. Naso-oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from 42 COVID-19 reinfection cases and nine new infection cases. Whole genome sequencing was performed using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION Mk1C and variant analysis was conducted using ARTIC workflow. Nexstrain and PANGOLIN were used to determine the lineages. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using IQ-tree and FigTree. Key mutations were identified by Cov-GLUE. Additionally, 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing was conducted on nine samples from each group to analyze bacterial communities using EPI2ME and MicrobiomeAnalyst. All identified SARS-CoV-2 strains in this study were Delta variant (B.1.617.2), predominantly lineage AY.23 (n=46, 90%), followed by AY.24 (n=3) and AY.109 (n=2). No differences in SARS-CoV-2 lineages were observed between reinfection and new infection cases. Unique hotspot mutations found only in COVID-19 reinfections included NSP3, V220A, S_T676I, ORF7a_V82A, and ORF7a_TI20I. Bacterial community analysis revealed no significant diversity differences (alpha and beta) between the two groups. While the most dominant phylum remained Terrabacteria in both groups, Streptococcus was dominant in COVID-19 reinfections, whereas Prevotella was dominant in new infection cases. Notably, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Leptotrichia buccalis had significant increases in reinfection cases. Despite the similarity in SARS-CoV-2 lineages causing both COVID-19 reinfection and new infection cases, the presence of distinct key mutations and bacterial species suggest their potential as biomarkers within this group.
The Establishment of State-Owned-Holding-Company: A State's Controlling Rights Perspective Based on Radbruch's Theory Disyon, Huta; Gultom, Elisatris; Rahmawati, Ema
Law Review Volume XXIII, No. 1 - July 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pelita Harapan | Lippo Village, Tangerang 15811 - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/lr.v23i1.6995

Abstract

The constitutional basis for the state's role in implementing the national economy is Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The mandate of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution regarding the State's Controlling Rights, one of which is realized through the existence of state-owned enterprises (“SOEs”) as one of the business actors in the economy. The expansion of the global economy necessitates the improvement of SOEs, and the government's strategic policy choice is establishing a state-owned holding company (“SOHC”) to strengthen value and efficiency. This research aims to determine how the state's controlling rights in the SOHC scheme relate to three basic legal values identified by Gustav Radbruch, namely justice, certainty, and benefits. Through normative juridical research methods, the approach taken is a conceptual approach and a statutory approach, conducted by researching theory or doctrine and relevant laws and regulations, including Supreme Court and Constitutional Court decisions. The results of this study show that the establishment of a SOHC has, in theory, met Gustav Radbruch's legal objectives of justice, certainty, and benefits. State's controlling rights must be widely understood with authority to formulate policies and actions for regulation, control, management, and supervision. In the management function, state control in the SOHC structure can be protected through special share ownership by the state. However, state control based on a sense of social justice, legal certainty, and benefit-oriented must still respect the principles of GCG in SOEs and do not mean monopolizing all national economic activities.
Penerapan Prinsip Keterbukaan dan Akuntabilitas Menurut Good Corporate Governance Dalam Pertanggungjawaban Organ Pada Pengelolaan Yayasan Pertiwi, Hana Febrianti; Suryanti, Nyulistiowati; Rahmawati, Ema
Binamulia Hukum Vol. 12 No. 2 (2023): Binamulia Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Krisnadwipayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37893/jbh.v12i2.612

Abstract

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini ialah menganalisis serta mengkaji terhadap penerapan prinsip keterbukaan dan akuntabilitas menurut Good Corporate Governance dalam pertanggungjawaban organ yang melakukan proses pengelolaan yayasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan secara yuridis normatif, sehingga data sekunder yang dilakukan dengan cara studi kepustakaan serta didukung oleh ketiga bahan hukum seperti: bahan hukum primer, sekunder maupun tersier. Kemudian untuk dapat menarik suatu kesimpulan digunakannya metode yuridis kualitatif, di mana penggunaan metode ini tanpa digunakannya rumus maupun angka, sehingga dapat disimpulkan dalam hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga organ yayasan memiliki suatu kewenangan maupun tanggung jawab yang besar dalam dilakukannya pengelolaan yayasan, hal tersebut dilakukan supaya yayasan dalam mencapai tujuannya sesuai dengan maksud pendiriannya. Pada dasarnya hubungan antara organ maupun yayasan itu sendiri memiliki kaitan yang cukup erat, di mana keberadaan yayasan dengan organnya memiliki sisi yang saling bergantungan satu sama lain. Sangat diperlukannya prinsip keterbukaan dan akuntabilitas ketika dilakukannya pengelolaan yayasan menurut Good Corporate Governance, hal ini dilakukan untuk mencegah para organ yayasan melakukan penyalahgunaan wewenangnya pada pengelolaan yayasan.
Increasing the Loyalty of Tourists in Batulayang Bogor Tourism Village, West Java, Indonesia, with Operational Risk Management Mediated by Memorable Tourism Experience Bahri, Asep Syaiful; Sugiarto, Sugiarto; Hendratono, Tonny; Rahmawati, Ema; Are, Robert La
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 7 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i7.547

Abstract

The impact of operational risk management on visitors' memorable experiences, intention to return, and intention to refer Batulayang Tourism Village is investigated in this study.  The study tackles the important topic of how poorly managed operational risks, like subpar amenities and safety issues, impact visitor loyalty and pleasure.  Effective risk management is crucial for preserving satisfying experiences and encouraging return visits in Indonesia's tourism industry, which is becoming more and more competitive.  Research on operational risk management in rural tourism communities like Batulayang is still scarce, leaving a gap in our knowledge of its precise effects on rural destinations. Prior studies have concentrated on more general tourism contexts. This study is innovative because it uses a mixed-method approach to provide deeper insights into how risk management might enhance visitors' experiences and affect their future behavior. It focuses on operational risk management in rural tourism settings.  In order to provide useful advice for tourist managers, the study aims to investigate how operational risk management affects visitors' intentions to return and promote the town.  In order to support the sustainable growth of rural tourism in Indonesia, it is anticipated that the findings will assist tourism stakeholders in raising service quality, improving visitor happiness, and boosting industry competitiveness.
Luxury Transportation Innovations for Sustainability: Implementing of Research & Development Rahmawati, Ema; Sugiarto, Sugiarto; Hendratono, Tonny; Are, Robert La; Bahri, Asep Syaiful
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 7 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i7.548

Abstract

This research focuses on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) in luxury tourism buses, specifically the Omah Sultan Juragan 99 Trans in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The research and development (R&D) approach, supported by qualitative and quantitative data, aims to evaluate the effectiveness of AI and VR in enhancing the tourist experience. Through in-depth observations, interviews with key informants, and field trials, the study investigates various elements, such as smart technology, VR services, AI as a virtual guide, and the overall user experience. The findings show that the integration of AI and VR enhances the travel experience by providing personalized virtual tours, improving the service quality, and contributing to the sustainability of the luxury bus service. The study results suggest that AI and VR can play a pivotal role in modernizing tourism transportation by offering innovative, immersive, and interactive tourist experiences. The innovation of AI and VR in this context is a groundbreaking contribution to the tourism sector, addressing the emerging demand for personalized, high-tech travel services in luxury transportation. Future research can further explore the scalability of these technologies across different regions and tourism sectors to validate their broader applicability.
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN HAK CIPTA DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENCATATAN CIPTAAN KARYA SENI BATIK BAGI PENGRAJIN BATIK CIREBONAN TRUSMI: PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN HAK CIPTA DAN PENDAMPINGAN PENCATATAN CIPTAAN KARYA SENI BATIK BAGI PENGRAJIN BATIK CIREBONAN TRUSMI Suparman, Eman; Soerjati , Enni; Amirulloh, Muhamad; Rahmawati, Ema
Jurnal Kajian Budaya dan Humaniora Vol 4 No 3 (2022): Jurnal Kajian Budaya dan Humaniora (JKBH), Oktober, 2022
Publisher : PT. RANESS MEDIA RANCAGE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61296/jkbh.v4i3.63

Abstract

Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual khususnya hak cipta atas karya motif batik Cirebonan Trusmi merupakan hal penting sebagai upaya perlindungan karya cipta motif dari penggunaannya oleh pihak lain secara tidak sah dan melanggar hak pengrajin. Pengrajin tersebut telah menghasilkan kreasi seni batik yang baru, namun belum semua dicatatkan hak ciptanya dan belum menggunakan QR Code untuk dicetak pada produk batiknya sebagai identitas dan pencegah penjiplakan/pelanggaran hak cipta kreasi seni batiknya. Adapun tujuan PPM ini adalah memberikan pemahaman pengrajin Batik Cirebonan Trusmi terhadap hak cipta, memberikan pemahaman pengrajin Batik Cirebonan Trusmi tentang perlindungan karya batik yang berteknologi serta mendorong penciptaan karya seni batik lainnya. Metode PPM dilakukan melalui sosialisasi Hak Cipta, sosialisasi QR Code, pencatatan Hak Cipta dan penggunaan QR Code pada produk batik kepada para pengrajin batik Cirebonan Trusmi yang berada di daerah di Desa Trusmi Wetan dan Trusmi Kulon, Kecamatan Plered, Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil PPM, pemahaman para pengrajin Batik Cirebonan Trusmi terhadap hak cipta dan bentuk Kekayaan Intelektual lainnya sebelum dilakukan kegiatan PPM ini masih minim, akan tetapi peningkatan pemahaman terjadi setelah kegiatan sosisalisasi dan diskusi sehingga para pengrajin memahami bahwa karya cipta batik yang dibuat perlu memperoleh perlindungan hukum dengan cara didaftarkan. Pemahaman para pengrajin Batik Cirebonan Trusmi tentang perlindungan karya batik yang berteknologi belum begitu baik, akan tetapi ketika telah dilakukan sosialisasi dan pendampingan pembuatan QR Code dan batik QR Code, para pengrajin mulai paham bahwa terdapat teknologi yang dapat dikolaborasikan dalam karya seni batik yang mendorong penciptaan karya seni batik cirebonan lainnya.
Kualitas Pelayanan PT. Gemintang Wisata Haluna (WH Tour) Yogyakarta terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Rahmawati, Ema; Dhian Anggraini, Fera; Noviastuti, Nina
Mabha Jurnal Vol 4 No 1 (2023): Mei 2023
Publisher : Akparta Mandala Bhakti Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70018/mb.v4i1.57

Abstract

Biro perjalanan wisata merupakan salah satu jasa wisata yang menyediakan jasa layanan wisata mulai dari penjemputan, pelayanan selama berwisata sampai akhir perjalanan wisata. Dalam memberikan pelayanan yang prima, biro perjalanan wisata dituntut untuk memberikan standar kualitas pelayanan yang dapat menunjang kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas pelayanan PT. Gemintang Wisata Haluna (WH Tour) Yogyakarta terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah accidental sampling dan purposive sampling yang tergolong dalam non probability. Besarnya sampel yang dianggap mewakili dalam penelitian dapat dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Dengan teknik tersebut diperoleh sampel sebanyak 30 orang dengan ketentuan 20 orang responden dipilih secara purposive. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan 5 dimensi kualitas pelayanan yang meliputi (1) kehandalan (reliability), (2) daya tanggap (responsiveness), (3) kepastian (assurance), (4) empati (empathy), dan (5) bukti fisik/nyata (tangible) menunjukkan bahwa persepsi pelanggan terhadap kualitas pelayanan PT. Gemintang Wisata Haluna (WH Tour) Yogyakarta sesuai dengan harapan pelanggan atau dapat dikatakan memperoleh tanggapan baik yaitu sangat puas dan puas. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa rata – rata penilaian kualitas pelayanan sumber daya manusia (karyawan) sudah sangat baik atau rata-rata sudah baik dimana hampir semua pelanggan menyatakan kepuasannya dilayani oleh PT. Gemintang Wisata Haluna (WH Tour) Yogyakarta.
Perlindungan Hukum Kreditor yang Tidak Mendaftarkan Tagihan terhadap Klausul Perjanjian Perdamaian yang Mengakibatkan Penghapusan Piutang : Studi Kasus Putusan Homologasi Nomor 62/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2021/PN Niaga Sby Kartika Eka Pertiwi; Sudaryat Sudaryat; Ema Rahmawati
Aliansi: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025): Aliansi: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/aliansi.v2i6.1332

Abstract

The Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) is a rehabilitative mechanism, but it is susceptible to bad faith abuse. This case study examines Homologation Decision No. 62/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2021/PN Niaga Sby, where judges ratified a composition plan creating a "Previous Trade Creditors" category. This clause, targeting unregistered creditors, effectively resulted in a 95% debt write-off, injuring the Principle of Justice. This research aims to analyze the judges' legal considerations in ratifying this clause and examines their failure to apply material judicial obligations regarding the debtor's bad faith. This research utilizes a normative juridical method with a statute and case study approach. The analysis is qualitative, examining the decision and relevant legislation, supplemented by an interview with a practicing Commercial Court judge. The primary finding is that the judges' considerations were overly positivistic, focusing only on the formal voting quorum (Article 281, UU KPKPU). They failed to execute their imperative duty under Article 285(2)(c) to reject a plan achieved via "dishonest means". The 95% write-off is prima facie bad faith and is punitive, not rehabilitative. The judges misinterpreted the Publicity Principle; non-registration should only cause the loss of voting rights (procedural), not the loss of claim rights (substantive). This failure of material judicial review legitimized the abuse of the PKPU institution.  
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT) Terhadap Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas IV SD Inpres Mannuruki I Makassar Rahmawati, Ema; Bakri, Muhammad; Rahmaniah, Rahmaniah
Jounal of Primary Education Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Bosowa Journal of Education, Desember 2025
Publisher : Postgraduate Bosowa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35965/bje.v6i1.6102

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas IV UPT SPF SD Inpres Mannuruki I Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan quasi eksperimental design dengan pendekatan metode kuantitatif, dimana terdapat kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol yang akan dilihat perbedaan hasil belajar dan motivasi belajarnya.  Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas IV UPT SPF SD Inpres Mannuruki 1 Kota Makassar, kelas IV-A sebanyak 33 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen, dan kelas IV-B sebanyak 31 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi angket dan soal posttest. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, penerapan model pembelajaran tipe TGT pada siswa kelas IV UPT SPF SD Inpres Mannuruki I secara signifikan meningkatkan hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar siswa. Penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT, memberikan pengalaman belajar yang menarik dan relevan, selain itu mendorong peserta didik untuk terlibat aktif dalam pembelajaran sehingga hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar siswa yang meningkat. This study aims to analyze the effect of TGT type cooperative learning model on the motivation and learning outcomes of Indonesian language students in class IV UPT SPF SD Inpres Mannuruki I Makassar. This research is a quasi-experimental design with a quantitative method approach, where there are experimental classes and control classes that will see differences in learning outcomes and learning motivation.  The sample in this study were fourth grade students of UPT SPF SD Inpres Mannuruki 1 Makassar, class IV-A as many as 33 students as the experimental class, and class IV-B as many as 31 students as the control class. The instruments used include questionnaires and posttest questions. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Based on statistical analysis, the application of the TGT type learning model in class IV UPT SPF SD Inpres Mannuruki I significantly improved student learning outcomes and motivation. The application of the TGT type cooperative learning model, provides an interesting and relevant learning experience, besides encouraging students to be actively involved in learning so that student learning outcomes and motivation increase.
Community Based Tourism in Promoting Local Products for Cultural Preservation: A Case Study of Biji Ketapang Products at MSMEs Dapur Emil in Setu Babakan Betawi Cultural Village Pradini, Gagih; Hendratono, Tonny; Priyanto, Sony Heru; Rahmawati, Ema; Trianto, Rachmad Rizky
International Journal of Education, Information Technology, and Others Vol 8 No 4 (2025): International Journal of Education, information technology   and others
Publisher : Peneliti.net

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Community based tourism is an approach that involves the active participation of local communities in developing the potential of their region. This approach aims not only to improve economic wellbeing but also to play a significant role in preserving local culture. This study aims to examine the role of community-based tourism in promoting local products as an effort to preserve cultural heritage, with a case study on the traditional Betawi snack biji ketapang produced by MSMEs Dapur Emil in the Setu Babakan area. Biji ketapang, as one of the iconic Betawi foods, holds important cultural and historical value but is increasingly marginalized by modernization. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that community involvement in tourism activities particularly through the promotion and enhancement of local products can increase cultural awareness while providing economic value to local residents. MSMEs Dapur Emil acts as a key driver in preserving traditional culinary heritage and introducing Betawi cultural values to tourists. Therefore, the development of local products through communitybased tourism serves as an effective strategy for safeguarding cultural heritage and encouraging sustainable growth of local MSMEs.
Co-Authors Aam Suryamah Abubakar, Lastuti Adinda, Fadhel Arjuna Adzdzakiy, Muhammad M. Afriana, Anita Agus Pratiwi Agustinus Pandiangan, Lumiere Rejeki Agustiyani, Dian F. Alamanda, Cut NC. Andri Wardiana, Andri Anita Afriana Anita Afriana Are, Robert La Asep Syaiful Bahri, Asep Syaiful Asyifa, Isnaini Z. Bambang Suseno Bambang Sutiyoso Chandra, Muliyadi Damayanti, Elok Deviana Yuanitasari Dewi Rokhmah Dharmayanthi, Anik B. Dhian Anggraini, Fera Disyon, Huta Diva Davina, Nathania Elisatris Gultom Elly Nurus Shakinah Eman Suparman Ezzerouali, Souad Fajar Pradapa, Sri Yulianto Fera Dhian Anggraini Fibriani, Azzania Fidel, Yohanes Fiona Chrisanta Gagih Pradini Galih Dani Septiyan Rahayu Haikal Yushendri, Muhammad Hamzah, Rosyidi Hendratono, Tonny Hetharie, Yosia Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja Holyness Singadimeja Husna, Anisatul Ihalau, John JOI Iryanto, Syam B. Isis Ikhwansyah Karsona , H. Agus Mulya Karsona, H. Agus Mulya Kartika Eka Pertiwi Kasmin Khoiron Khoiron Kris Cahyani Ermawati Kusumaningrum, Anisa Putri Lastuti Abubakar Lastuti Abubakar Lastuti Abubakar Lastuti Abubakar Linda Rachmainy Mantili, Rai Muhamad Amirulloh, Muhamad MUHAMMAD BAKRI Nasrulloh, Mukh F. Ndaru Prasastono Ningrum, Ratih A. Noviastuti, Nina Nugrahani Primary Putri Nugroho, Herjuno A. Nyulistiowati Suryanti Pangihutan, Kaiji Natanael Pertiwi, Hana Febrianti Pradini, Gagih Prasastono, Ndaru Prasetyoputri, Anggia Putri, Fraya Anggraini Putri, Rahmi Adriani Rachman, Rifky W. Rafika Annisa Sari Rahmaniah, Rahmaniah Rahmawati, Diah Ayu Rai Mantili Rai Mantili Ratnawati, Indah Raysa Mayasonda Ridwan Arifin Ristandi, Ryan B. Robiani, Rini Saputra, Sugiyono Sativa, Alvira R. Setiawan, Muhammad Vikri Sherly Ayuna Putri Soerjati , Enni Sony Heru Priyanto Soplantila, Valentino Dinatra Sudaryat Sudaryat Sudaryat Sugiarto S Suntari, Yustia Trianto, Rachmad Rizky Wisnuwardhani, Popi H. Woodward, John Wulandari, Ari S. Yanthi, Nova D. Yushendri , Muhammad Haikal