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Journal : Journal of Applied Data Sciences

MYCD: Integration of YOLO-CNN and DenseNet for Real-Time Road Damage Detection Based on Field Images Yenni, Helda; Muzawi, Rometdo; Karpen, Karpen; Anam, M. Khairul; Kasaf, Michel; Hadi, Tjut Rizqi Maysyarah; Wahyuni, Dewi Sari
Journal of Applied Data Sciences Vol 7, No 1: January 2026
Publisher : Bright Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47738/jads.v7i1.1040

Abstract

Road damage such as cracks, potholes, and uneven surfaces poses serious risks to transportation safety, logistics efficiency, and maintenance budgeting in Indonesia. Manual inspection is time consuming, labor intensive, and prone to error, motivating the use of reliable computer vision solutions. This study proposes MYCD, a hybrid and mobile ready architecture that combines the fast detection ability of YOLO with the dense feature reuse of DenseNet, enhanced by the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) for spatial and channel focus and Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) for multi scale context understanding. The system detects and classifies the severity of road damage into minor, moderate, and severe categories using images captured by standard cameras. MYCD was trained and validated on 1,120 field images using an 80/20 split to simulate realistic deployment. Validation achieved 64 percent accuracy, with the highest per class precision of 0.72 for minor damage and mAP@0.5 = 0.677. The confusion matrix showed that most errors occurred in the moderate category because of visual similarity with minor and severe damage. Unlike earlier studies that extended YOLO with heavy backbones such as ResNet or EfficientNet, MYCD focuses on feature propagation (DenseNet), attention precision (CBAM), and multi scale fusion (SPP) optimized for real time operation on standard hardware. Efficiency profiling confirmed its deployability. After compression, the model size is 46.8 MB and it requires 3.7 GFLOPs per inference at 640×640 resolution. On a mid-range Android device (Snapdragon 778G, 8 GB RAM), MYCD runs at 19 frames per second with 1.2 GB peak memory. Compared with YOLOv8 WD (68 MB; 5.2 GFLOPs), MYCD reduces computation by 31 percent while maintaining similar accuracy. Overall, MYCD achieves a practical balance of speed, accuracy, and efficiency, providing a deployable and reproducible framework for real time road damage detection in resource limited settings.
Co-Authors -, Dwi Haryono -, Tashid Abdullah, Khairul Hafezad Adi Saputro Agus Alamsyah Agustin Agustin -, Agustin Ahmad - Fauzan Ahmad Fauzan Anam, M Khairul ARIF HIDAYATULLAH Arraihan Tahta Ainullah Aurelia, Zahra Nur Bakaruddin Bakaruddin Bima Alfiansyah Dafwen Toresa Dafwen Toresa Dwi Haryono Dwiki Darmawan Edriyansyah Efrizoni, Lusiana Egi Larasati Elgamar Syam Elin Haerani Elisawati, Elisawati Erisma Indah Putri Fadzli Shah Abd Aziz Febi Yanto Feizil Afrizal Firman Edigan Gazali, Novri Gilang Ramadhan Gunadi Habibi Putra Indrizal4 Habibul Fauzan Hadi Asnal, Hadi Hamdani . Handika, Marezi Hartomi, Zupri Henra Helda Yenni, Helda Herwin Herwin Herwin Herwin, Herwin Ikhsan Dwi Saputra Ikhsan Hidayat Ilham Perdana Imardi, Syahrul Indah, Erisma Indah Putri Irwansyah Sidabutar Jamaris, Muhamad Karpen Khusaeri Andesa Lisnawita Lisnawita Lugas Pasiolo Lukman Ahmadi M. Maulana Sakti M.Rafi Pasha Mahadir Nasution Mahathir, Briliant Mahdiyah, Evfi Marezi Handika Martin Adha Michel Kasaf Mitrin, Abdullah Mohd Rinaldi Amartha Muhammad Affandes Muhammad Erdiansyah muhammad fikri Muhammad Fikri Sulthoni Muhammad Raihan Muhammad Raihan Muhammad Syaifullah Muhammad Syaifullah Nori Sahrun Nori Sahrun Nori Sahrun, Nori Novia Nazirun Nurhadi Nurul Utami Nurul Utami Nurul Utami Pandu Pratama Putra Pandu Pratama Putra, Pandu Pratama Parlindungan Kudadiri Pizaini Pizaini Purjumatin, Purjumatin Puspita Sari Putri, Atika R. Sapto Hendri Boedi Soesatyo rahmad Kurniawan Rahmaddeni Rahmaddeni Rasyid Siddiq renaldi, reno Rendi Muhammad Farizi Resti Desmawati Reza Aulia Rahman Rini Yanti Rizki, Alfi Roid Fitrah Utari Romi Cendra Romi Hardianto Romi Hardiyanto RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Salam, Renggy Gusfitra Saleh , Khairul Saputra, Haris Tri Sularno Sularno Sularno Sularno Sularno, Sularno Susi Handayani Swastikarini, Sunarti Syahrul Imardi Syahrul Imardi Tashid Tashid Tashid, Tashid Taslim Taslim Teguh Sujana Tjut Rizqi Maysyarah Hadi Toresa, Dafwen Torkis Nasution Unang Rio Wahyat Wahyat wahyu joni kurniawan Wahyu Joni Kurniawan Wahyu Joni Kurniawan Wahyu Joni Kurniawan Wahyu Joni Kurniawan, Wahyu Joni Wahyuni, Dewi Sari Wijaya, Andy Huang Windy Fahrurozi Wirta Agustin Wisnu Agusna Yanti, Rini Yoga El Saputra Yoga Pangestu Yogi Ersan Fadrial Yoyon Efendi Yuda Irawan Yudha Adelin Angkasa zeki Kurniadi Zulafwan Zuriati Ardila Safitri