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Indonesia Sustainable Funding: Comparative of Standar Screening Securities Crowdfunding and Capital Markets Kefi Miftachul Ulum; Maulida Khairunnisa; Rangga Suganda; Rodhotun Nimah; Fahmi Makraja
International Journal of Islamic Finance Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Department of Islamic Financial Management, Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business, Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ijif.v2i1.2247

Background: Since the occurrence of covid-19, there has been an acceleration in the transformation of the economic cycle with the digital era transforming conventional economic activities towards the digitization of the economy. This has given rise to financial technology as a concept, giving birth to securities crowdfunding instruments. This cycle has become an alternative for sustainable funding suitable for MSMEs, with funding reaching 1 trillion, supporting 481 business units and involving 160,368 investors. Data as of August 2023 shows funding for business units reaching 268 units, with a breakdown of 10 debt, 59 sukuk, and 199 equity fundings, with a comparative percentage of 78% conventional and 22% Sharia-compliant business units. The organization of this funding faces a legal vacuum in terms of standard screening for the issuance of business units being offered. The impact of this research aims to establish or strengthen regulations on standard screening for funding MSMEs in the securities crowdfunding cycle. Objectives: This research focuses on the standard screening and funding mechanisms of Securities crowdfunding and comparative with capital market. Novelty: In funding MSMEs and startup companies, there are no regulations regarding screening standards for sharia issuers/companies, so it needs to be compared with the screening standards used in the capital market. Research Methodology / Design: The legal problem of "Rechtsvacuum" or void of norms is used as an issue in this research, using normative legal research methods that use a statutory approach and a conceptual approach for data in the form of OJK Regulation No. 57 2020, POJK No. 16 2021 and POJK No. 35 2017 and some data from BEI, KSEI and related sources. Descriptive and comparative analysis is used as an analysis method for these data. Findings: The legal problem of "Rechtsvacuum" or void of norms is used as an issue in this research, using normative legal research methods that use a statutory approach and a conceptual approach for data in the form of OJK Regulation No. 57 2020, POJK No. 16 2021 and POJK No. 35 2017 and some data from BEI, KSEI and related sources. Descriptive and comparative analysis is used as an analysis method for these data. The findings from this research reveal that there are no regulations governing screening standards in core business screening and financial ratio screening, so the guidelines used are Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 35 of 2017 concerning Criteria and List of Sharia Securities Used on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, which applies to public companies and does not apply to private securities crowdfunding cycles. Implication: This could have implications for the preparation of screening standards for MSMEs, Startup Companies and companies that receive funding. OJK can update the standard screening regulations by adjusting the economic cycle of securities crowdfunding for medium-small capital, because the standard screening applied in the capital market cannot be applied to securities crowdfunding on the basis of the regulatory argument used by POJK No. 35 2017 specifically for the capital market, based on theory legality, these regulations cannot be used for securities crowdfunding.

PRAKTIK GALA UMONG DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH Makraja, Fahmi; Kefi Miftachul Ulum; Rangga Suganda; Rodhotun Nimah; Maulida Khairunnisa
Jurnal Syariah dan Ekonomi Islam Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Syariah dan Ekonomi Islam
Publisher : FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN EKONOMI ISLAM IAI ALMUSLIM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71025/q82fp508

Abstract: The practice of gala umong carried out in the community is an alternative option in solving the economic problems they face. The fundamental reason for implementing gala umong among the community is because the process of carrying out the contract is very short and does not require a long time. Gala umong is a term often heard in Acehnese society which means pawn of rice fields. Gala umong is almost practiced throughout the entire Aceh region, including Gampong Pusu Ingin Jaya, Manggeng District, Southwest Aceh Regency. The practice of gala umong is carried out as an alternative in order to solve the economic problems they face. Gala gatherings are held between neighbors or close relatives. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by further exploring the practice of gala umong among the community. The results of this research show that the gala umong held in Pusu Ingin Jaya Village had a very big impact on the community's economic sector. The positive impact is that rice field owners can earn money in the near future to finance their daily needs, start a business and pay educational costs. The negative impact felt by rahin and murtahin is increasing social inequality and reducing farmers' livelihoods due to their rice fields being used as collateral. When viewed from a sharia economic perspective, the implementation of the gala umong that occurred in Pusu Ingin Jaya Village was not in accordance with the binding elements in it. There are some pledge requirements that have not been fulfilled, namely there is no written evidence and no witnesses. Keywords: Pawn, Akad Rahn, Gala umong, Abstrak Praktik gala umong yang dilakukan di tengah masyarkat merupakan salah satu pilihan alternatif dalam meneyelesaikan permasalahan ekonomi yang dihadapinya. Alasan fundamental dilaksanakannya gala umong dikalangan masyarakat adalah karena proses pelaksanaan akadnya yang sangat singkat dan tidak memerlukan waktu yang lama. Gala umong merupakan sebutan yang sering terdengar di masyarakat Aceh yang berarti gadai sawah. Gala umong hampir dipraktikkan diseluruh wilayah Aceh termasuk Gampong Pusu Ingin Jaya Kecamatan Manggeng Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya. Praktik gala umong dilakukan sebagai alternatif dalam rangka menyelesaikan permasalah ekonomi yang dihadapinya. Gala umong dilakukan antar tetangga ataupun kerabat dekat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan menelusuri lebih jauh praktik gala umong di kalangan masyarkat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, gala umong yang dilakukan di gampong Pusu Ingin Jaya sangat sangat berdampak pada sektor perekonomian masyarakat. Dampak positifnya adalah para pemilik sawah dapat memperoleh uang dalam waktu dekat untuk membiayai kebutuhan sehari-hari, mudal usaha dan membayar biaya pendidikan. Adapun dampak negatifnya yang dirasakan oleh rahin dan murtahin adalah meningkatnya kesenjangan sosial dan mengurangi mata pencaharian petani akibat sawahnya dijadikan barang jaminan. Apabila dilihat dari perspektif ekonomi syariah pelaksanaan gala umong yang terjadi di gampong Pusu Ingin Jaya belum sesuai dengan unsur yang mengikat didalamnya. Terdapat sebagian dari syarat-syarat gadai yang belum terpenuhi yaitu tidak ada bukti tertulis dan tidak ada saksi. Kata Kunci: Gadai, Akad Rahn, Gala umong

FOTO PRAWEDDING DAN IKHTILATH: STUDI PERSPEKTIF QANUN HUKUM JINAYAT ACEH Riyan Auliyanda Safrizal; Fahmi Makraja; Mirza Al Fajri; Aidil Azhar
El-Iqthisadi Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Juni
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i1.56506

Abstrak Foto prawedding sebelum akad nikah dapat dikategorikan termasuk ke dalam unsur-unsur ikhtilaṭh, hal tersebut dikarenakan pose dalam foto prewedding yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan syariat Islam seperti berpelukan, bergandengan tangan, dan merangkul pasangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif analisis, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, dokumentasi, dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian bahwa, Para pelaku kegiatan foto prawedding tidak memahami apa sebenarnya yang dikatakan dengan ikhtilath, mereka beranggapan bahwa adengan pegangan tangan bukan perbuatan ikhtilath dan hal tersebut masih dalam batasan syari’at Islam, yang mereka pahami yang tidak diperbolehkan dalam syari’at Islam adalah berciuman, pelukan dan lainnya, mereka menganggap bahwa perbuatan yang tidak dibolehkan itu adalah sesuatu yang secara langsung dapat menimbulkan syahwat seperti adanya kontak fisik pada bagian-bagian yang dianggap sensitife dan dapat membangkitkan nafsu. Pasal 25 Ayat (1) dapat dipahami bahwa subyek hukum yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban atas perbuatan ikhtilath adalah setiap orang yang dengan sengaja atau sukarela melakukan perbuatan ikhtilath. Jika dikorelasikan dengan praktik foto prawedding sebelum akad nikah diketahui bahwa pengambilan foto prawedding dilakukan atas dasar suka sama suka oleh calon pengantin. Selain pihak calon pengantin fotografer prawedding juga dapat dikenakan sanksi (uqubat berdasarkan penjelasan Pasal 25 Ayat (2). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa praktik foto prawedding merupakan perbuatan ikhtilath karena dilakukan sebelum akad nikah dan gaya pose yang tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam. Kata Kunci: Prawedding, Ikhtilath, Sebelum Akad Nikah, Qanun, Hukum Jinayat Abstract Pre-wedding photos before the wedding ceremony can be categorized as including ikhtilaṭh elements, this is because the poses in pre-wedding photos are not in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law, such as hugging, holding hands, and embracing the partner. This research uses qualitative research methods and a descriptive analysis approach, with data collection techniques, namely interviews, documentation and questionnaires. The results of the research are that, the perpetrators of pre-wedding photo activities do not understand what is actually said by ikhtilath, they think that holding hands is not an act of ikhtilath and this is still within the limits of Islamic law, what they understand is that what is not permitted in Islamic law is kissing, hugging and so on, they consider that the prohibited actions are things that can directly cause lust, such as physical contact on parts that are considered sensitive and can arouse lust. Article 25 Paragraph (1) can be understood to mean that the legal subject who can be held responsible for acts of ikhtilath is every person who intentionally or voluntarily commits acts of ikhtilath. If it is correlated with the practice of taking pre-wedding photos before the wedding ceremony, it is known that pre-wedding photos are taken on the basis of mutual consent by the prospective bride and groom. Apart from the prospective bride and groom, pre-wedding photographers can also be subject to sanctions (uqubat based on the explanation of Article 25 Paragraph (2). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the practice of pre-wedding photos is an act of ikhtilath because it is carried out before the marriage ceremony and the posing style does not conflict with Islamic law. Keywords: Praweeding, Ikhtilath, Before the Marriage Contract, Qanun, Jinayat Law

Penemuan Hukum Islam Sui Generis Kum Empiris; Pendekatan Sosiologis Dan Antropologis khadijatul musanna; Deva Nabilah; Fahmi Makraja; Ridha Aulia
Jurnal Landraad Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Edisi Maret 2025
Publisher : Institut Syekh Abdul Halim Hasan Binjai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Penulis melakukan penelitian penemuan ini bertujuan untuk membedah tentang tentang Hukum Islam Sui Generis Kum Empiris terhadap Pendekatan yang dilakukan secara Sosiologis Dan Antropologis. sebagaimana dapat dipahami bahwa di era sekarang banyak sekali persoalan atau problematika terkait sebuah kegiatan dalam hukum Islam yang merupakan isu-isu kontemporer hukum Islam, dengan demikian isu-isu kontemporer ini perlu adanya suatu metode dalam penemuan Hukum Islam seperti halnya Hukum Islam Sui Generis dengan pendekatan sosiologi dan antropologis. penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan dimana data diambil berdasarkan literatur, adapun data primer diperoleh dari sumber bacaanartinya buku yang berkaitan dan relevan dengan judul penelitian penulis seperti halnya buku Prof Syamsul Anwar terkait penemuan Hukum Syariah. adapun data skunder diperoleh dari artikel, website tertentu dan jurnal. dengen demikian diperoleh hasil bahwa Pendekatan sosiologis melihat bagaimana hukum dan faktor sosial lainnya berhubungan satu sama lain secara analitis dan empiris. Sedangkan pendekatan antropologi adalah studi tentang bagaimana hukum membentuk kehidupan manusia. Ini dimulai dengan sistem berpikir manusia, yang menghasilkan nilai-nilai dan kebudayaan, yang pada gilirannya membentuk hukum dalam masyarakat.

Perdebatan Zakat Dalam Ekonomi Islam: Menilai Zakat Profesi Dari Perspektif Ulama Kontemporer Musanna, Khadijatul; Makraja, Fahmi; Yanti, Fitri
Maqasid: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): Hukum Keluarga Islam
Publisher : Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya

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Abstract: Professional zakat or income zakat is zakat that must be paid because it has reached the nisab of assets and is perfect haul based on income obtained from a particular business or work, whether carried out personally or by institutions, organizations and groups. This study aims to determine the literature of muamalah scholars related to professional zakat. This study uses qualitative research methods by examining data based on literature from books and books about professional zakat. The results of the research in this study can be conveyed by the author that in the Fiqh Muamalah literature each ulema has his own perception regarding the implementation of professional zakat. It can be clearly seen that there is an error in the provisions of assets subject to professional zakat, such as the opinion of Yusuf Al-Qardhawi requiring professional zakat every monthly salary as a farmer who pays zakat every harvest, provided that it has reached the nisab. Meanwhile, according to the opinion of Shaykh Bin Baz and Shaykh Muhammad bin Saleh Al Utsaimin, it is not obligatory for a professional zakat to be paid for someone who, after receiving his salary, is used to fulfill his daily needs so that there is no salary left in the following month, but zakat may be imposed if each time If the salaryman sets aside part of his income as savings, then it is obligatory for him to issue zakat with the provisions of perfect haul and property. In the opinion of the writer, professional zakat tends to be as conveyed by Yusuf Al-Qardhawi. According to the author of Shaykh Muhammad's opinion, if the consideration is to meet daily needs, humans will never have enough with all types of needs, so they always feel inadequate and in the end don’t pay zakat. Keywords: Fiqh Muamalah, Professional Zakat, Islamic Law.

Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Santri Melalui Serial Animasi Nussa Dan Rara di TPA Al-Fitrah Terban Yogyakarta Rahman, Fatur; Hidayat, Nur; Makraja, Fahmi
Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Vol 2 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) AL-IKHLAS DAIRI SIDIKALANG

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Penanaman pendidikan karakter pada anak usia dini menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam membentuk kepribadian religius, jujur, dan bertanggung jawab sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi pendidikan karakter santri melalui media animasi Islami Nussa dan Rara di TPA Al-Fitrah Terban Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serial Nussa dan Rara secara efektif membantu internalisasi nilai-nilai karakter seperti kejujuran, kedisiplinan, tanggung jawab, kepedulian sosial, dan hormat kepada orang tua dalam proses pembelajaran. Penggunaan media ini meningkatkan minat dan pemahaman santri terhadap pelajaran akidah akhlak secara kontekstual dan menyenangkan. Dengan demikian, media animasi Islami terbukti menjadi alat bantu yang relevan dan strategis dalam memperkuat pendidikan karakter di lembaga nonformal berbasis keagamaan.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN AKAD WADIAH DALAM PRODUK TABUNGAN PADA BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA Fahmi Makraja; Khadijatul Musanna
Indonesian Journal of Islamic and Social Science Vol 1 No 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Islamic and Social Science
Publisher : LPPM IAI Almuslim Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71025/qzs4wq48

Savings products at BSI use a wadiah yad dhamanah agreement, namely the use of customer savings funds by the bank without sharing profits with the customer, but the customer is given a bonus from time to time by the bank according to the management's interruptions. Wadiah yad amanah almost does not exist in Indonesian sharia banks. In muamalah, both in trading and in Islamic banking, Islamic banking has also regulated that it must not harm other parties, must be transparent and there must be no element of usury. This research uses qualitative research. It is hoped that this research will be able to provide a detailed description of the theory regarding the comprehensive systematic application of wadiah contracts regarding matters relating to bank business activities with sharia principles, especially in raising funds, namely wadiah. The results of this research show that the implementation of the wadiah contract using wadiah yad dhamanah in Indonesian sharia banks seems forced in order to attract as many customers as possible, where the majority of the Indonesian population is Muslim, as well as in order to gain the trust of its customers.

PRAKTIK GALA UMONG DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH Makraja, Fahmi; Kefi Miftachul Ulum; Rangga Suganda; Rodhotun Nimah; Maulida Khairunnisa
Jurnal Syariah dan Ekonomi Islam Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Syariah dan Ekonomi Islam
Publisher : FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN EKONOMI ISLAM IAI ALMUSLIM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71025/q82fp508

Abstract: The practice of gala umong carried out in the community is an alternative option in solving the economic problems they face. The fundamental reason for implementing gala umong among the community is because the process of carrying out the contract is very short and does not require a long time. Gala umong is a term often heard in Acehnese society which means pawn of rice fields. Gala umong is almost practiced throughout the entire Aceh region, including Gampong Pusu Ingin Jaya, Manggeng District, Southwest Aceh Regency. The practice of gala umong is carried out as an alternative in order to solve the economic problems they face. Gala gatherings are held between neighbors or close relatives. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by further exploring the practice of gala umong among the community. The results of this research show that the gala umong held in Pusu Ingin Jaya Village had a very big impact on the community's economic sector. The positive impact is that rice field owners can earn money in the near future to finance their daily needs, start a business and pay educational costs. The negative impact felt by rahin and murtahin is increasing social inequality and reducing farmers' livelihoods due to their rice fields being used as collateral. When viewed from a sharia economic perspective, the implementation of the gala umong that occurred in Pusu Ingin Jaya Village was not in accordance with the binding elements in it. There are some pledge requirements that have not been fulfilled, namely there is no written evidence and no witnesses. Keywords: Pawn, Akad Rahn, Gala umong, Abstrak Praktik gala umong yang dilakukan di tengah masyarkat merupakan salah satu pilihan alternatif dalam meneyelesaikan permasalahan ekonomi yang dihadapinya. Alasan fundamental dilaksanakannya gala umong dikalangan masyarakat adalah karena proses pelaksanaan akadnya yang sangat singkat dan tidak memerlukan waktu yang lama. Gala umong merupakan sebutan yang sering terdengar di masyarakat Aceh yang berarti gadai sawah. Gala umong hampir dipraktikkan diseluruh wilayah Aceh termasuk Gampong Pusu Ingin Jaya Kecamatan Manggeng Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya. Praktik gala umong dilakukan sebagai alternatif dalam rangka menyelesaikan permasalah ekonomi yang dihadapinya. Gala umong dilakukan antar tetangga ataupun kerabat dekat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan menelusuri lebih jauh praktik gala umong di kalangan masyarkat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, gala umong yang dilakukan di gampong Pusu Ingin Jaya sangat sangat berdampak pada sektor perekonomian masyarakat. Dampak positifnya adalah para pemilik sawah dapat memperoleh uang dalam waktu dekat untuk membiayai kebutuhan sehari-hari, mudal usaha dan membayar biaya pendidikan. Adapun dampak negatifnya yang dirasakan oleh rahin dan murtahin adalah meningkatnya kesenjangan sosial dan mengurangi mata pencaharian petani akibat sawahnya dijadikan barang jaminan. Apabila dilihat dari perspektif ekonomi syariah pelaksanaan gala umong yang terjadi di gampong Pusu Ingin Jaya belum sesuai dengan unsur yang mengikat didalamnya. Terdapat sebagian dari syarat-syarat gadai yang belum terpenuhi yaitu tidak ada bukti tertulis dan tidak ada saksi. Kata Kunci: Gadai, Akad Rahn, Gala umong

ANALISIS TERHADAP AKAD MUSYARAKAH MUTANAQISAH DAN PROBLEMATIKANYA DALAM PRAKTIK PERBANKAN SYARIAH Makraja, Fahmi; Elya Fitriyani; Nisa Afifah; Khadijatul Musanna
Jurnal Syariah dan Ekonomi Islam Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Syariah dan Ekonomi Islam
Publisher : FAKULTAS SYARIAH DAN EKONOMI ISLAM IAI ALMUSLIM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71025/nfd6x974

The Musyarakah Mutanaqisah (MMQ) contract, as one of the increasingly popular financing products in Islamic banking, offers a unique alternative to asset ownership that is in line with sharia principles. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the MMQ contract, highlight its Sharia foundations, and identify and explore the issues that arise in its implementation in the field. The research methods used include literature review and qualitative analysis of fatwas issued by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI), Islamic banking regulations, and practices observed in several Islamic banks. The analysis shows that, in theory, MMQ is built on three basic contracts that do not conflict with each other: the syirkah or musyarakah contract for partnership, the ijarah contract for lease, and the sale and purchase contract for transfer of ownership. The combination of the three forms an innovative financing structure. However, in practice, several crucial issues arise. One of these is the issue of al-Ijarah al-Mawsuqah bil-Bay', or lease followed by a promise of sale, which some contemporary scholars still debate its validity. Nevertheless, the DSN-MUI has issued a fatwa permitting this scheme under certain conditions and terms

Komparasi Hukum Pada Fatwa Cryptocurrency di Malaysia dan Timur Tengah Makraja, Fahmi; Mirza Al Fajri
Al-Muamalat Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Syariah Vol 9 No 1 (2024): Al-Muamalat: Jurnal Hukum Dan Ekonomi Syari'ah
Publisher : IAIN Langsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/muamalat.v9i1.8807

Abstract Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that is used as a means of exchange for online transactions. The use of Cryptocurrency has become a hot issue in the world, considering the significant current of change in digital technology, so an in-depth study regarding Cryptocurrency law is very necessary. This research discusses legal comparisons on Cryptocurrency fatwas in Malaysia and the Middle East. The aim of this research is to analyze and compare the legal status of Cryptocurrency fatwas in Malaysia and the Middle East. The method used in this research is a comparative juridical approach. The research results show that there are differences between Cryptocurrency fatwas in Malaysia and the Middle East, these differences are based on different legal reasons. In Malaysia, a study of sharia law explains that Cryptocurrency does not meet the criteria as a currency. In Egypt, the use of Cryptocurrency has the potential to damage the economic order considering that the transaction exchange medium used is not in accordance with Sharia law. In Pakistan, Cryptocurrency is against the terms of money set by FATT. In Saudi Arabia, Cryptocurrency opens up opportunities for illegal transactions and is contrary to Islamic economic rules. And Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's group gave a signal that it would allow the use of Cryptocurrency, but other groups opposed the use of Cryptocurrency as a medium of exchange or commodity. Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Malaysian Fatwa, Middle East

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