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Muhammad Yunus
Prodi Apoteker Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan. Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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THE EFFECT OF DRUG COUNSELING ON PATIENT COMPLIANCE AT ADAM MALIK CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL USING THE PILL COUNT METHOD Elfia Neswita; Melnihati Laia; Henny Yolanda Ardilla; Siti Nurkholifah; Adinda Silvani Ginting; Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis; Muhammad Yunus
Jambura Journal of Health Sciences and Research Vol 5, No 1 (2023): JANUARI: JAMBURA JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35971/jjhsr.v5i1.17428

Abstract

Masih rendahnya kepatuhan pasien terhadap pengobatan pada pasien asma, stroke, rematik dan TBC menjadikan penyakit kronis ini menjadi masalah di Negara maju dan berkembang. Kebaruan penelitian ini adalah meneliti pengaruh konseling obat terhadap kepatuhan pasien pada beberapa jenis penyakit seperti asma, stroke, rematik dan TBC dengan menggunakan metode pill count. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat perbedaan kepatuhan pasien sebelum dan sesudah diberi konseling obat (dengan materi konseling bersumber dari buku Pharmacotherapy Handbook Joseph T Dipiro edisi 9 untuk asma, stroke dan rematik; dan Farmaseutical Care untuk penyakit tuberculosis dimana membandingkan pill count sebelum dan sesudah konseling obat. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional pada pasien asma sebanyak 15 orang, pasien stroke 10 orang, pasien rematik 10 orang dan pasien TBC 30 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dan hasil perhitungan dengan menghitung manual berdasarkan catatan sebelum dan sesudah konseling obat terhadap jumlah sisa obat (metode pill count). Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya pengaruh konseling obat pada pasien asma, stroke, rematik dan TBC, dengan tingkat kepatuhan sebelum diberi konseling obat yang diukur menggunakan metode pill-count pada pasien asma, stroke, rematik dan TBC secara berturut-turut sebesar 6,66%, 40%, 30% dan 26,66 %. Sedangkan tingkat kepatuhan setelah diberi konseling obat yang diukur menggunakan pill-count pada pasien asma, stroke, rematik dan TBC secara berturut-turut sebesar 86,66%, 90%, 80% dan 83,33%. Kesimpulan terdapat perbedaan kepatuhan pasien sebelum dan setelah diberi konseling obat,  dimana kepatuhan pasien semakin meningkat setelah diberi konseling obat pada pasien Asma, Stroke, Rematik dan TBC.Kata kunci: Kepatuhan; Konseling Obat; Pill Count.AbstractThe low adherence of patients to treatment in patients with asthma, stroke, rheumatism, and tuberculosis makes this chronic disease a problem in developed and developing countries. The novelty of this study is to examine the effect of drug counseling on patient adherence to several types of diseases, such as asthma, stroke, rheumatism, and tuberculosis, using the pill count method. The purpose of this study was to look at differences in patient adherence before and after being given drug counseling (with counseling material sourced from Joseph T Dipiro's 9th edition of the Pharmacotherapy Handbook for asthma, stroke, and rheumatism; and Pharmaceutical Care for tuberculosis disease where comparing pill count before and after drug counseling. This study is descriptive with a cross-sectional design in 15 asthma patients, 10 stroke patients, 10 rheumatic patients, and 30 TB patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the calculation results by calculating manually based on records before and after drug counseling on the amount of drug residue (pill count method). The results of the study found the influence of drug counseling on asthma, stroke, rheumatism, and tuberculosis patients, with the level of adherence before being given drug counseling as measured using the pill-count method in asthma, stroke, rheumatism and tuberculosis patients respectively by 6.66%, 40%, 30%, and 26.66%. Meanwhile, the compliance rate after being given drug counseling measured using pill count in asthma, stroke, rheumatism, and tuberculosis patients was 86.66%, 90%, 80%, and 83.33%, respectively. Conclusion there are differences in patient adherence before and after being given drug counseling, where patient adherence increases after being given drug counseling in patients with Asthma, Stroke, Rheumatism, and Tuberculosis.
Drug-related problem (DRP) penggunaan antidiabetik oral dan insulin pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe II rawat inap di RSU Royal Prima Medan Elfia Neswita; Brian Elberth Halu; Razoki; Asyrun lkhairi Lubis; Muhammad Yunus; Nurasni; Octavian Ashido Nababan
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 3 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i3.186

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterised by hyperglycemia which is the cause of death of up to 80% in low- and middle-income countries. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common form of diabetes. The goals of managing type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy are to reduce the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, reduce mortality, and improve quality of life. Treatment of diabetes mellitus requires a long time. Problems arising from complications in diabetes mellitus will increase the difficulty in treating patients. This can potentially cause issues related to Drug Related Problems (DRP). Drug-Related Problems refers to unexpected events experienced by patients and can interfere with the success of the drug therapy given. The research method in this study was to determine the drugs to be evaluated in the form of oral antidiabetic drugs used while undergoing type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy and insulin therapy. The results showed that 26 patients experienced Drug-Related Problems or not (50%). Six patients experienced actual Drug Related Problems (10.2%). In comparison, those who experienced Potential Drug Related Problems were 24 patients (46.15%) of a total of 52 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were the sample of this study. Two categories of Drug Related Problems occur, namely Drug Related Problems related to additional drug therapy with a total of 2 incidents (2.17%) and Drug Related Problems related to unwanted drug reactions (Adverse Drug Reactions) with a total of 4 incidents (7,7%).  
Uji aktivitas diuretik ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus) Muhammad Yunus; Jefri Naldi; Muhammad Andry
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 3 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i3.195

Abstract

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of hypertension in the world reached over 1.13 billion people in 2015, implying that one out of every three persons was diagnosed with hypertension. Flavonoids found in red betel leaves (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) serve as antifungals, diuretics, antihistamines, antihypertensives, insecticides, bactericidal, antiviral, and enzyme inhibitors. The study aimed to find the best dose of red betel leaves extract as a diuretic in male white rats. The study was experimental laboratory. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids are among the phytochemicals tested. A total of 25 male white rats were separated into five groups. Red betel leaves extract was administered to groups 1, 2, and 3 at dosages of 250mg/kg, 350 mg/kg, and 650mg/kg, respectively. Group 4 received a 0.5% Na CMC suspension as a negative control, while Group 5 received a furosemide suspension as a positive control. The average urine volume at 1-6 hours and the buildup of urine were used to calculate the rat urine volume. The results showed the accumulation of urine volume for 6 hours. The treatment group of red betel leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 250mg/kgBW obtained 0.57mL, a dose of 350mg/kgBW obtained 2.38mL, and a dose of 650mg/kgBW obtained 4.29mL, negative control (CMC 0.5%) obtained 0.2mL, positive control obtained 27.52mL. The study concluded that red betel leaves extract has diuretic action and that the ethanol extract of red betel leaves at a dosage of 650 mg/kgBW is the most effective dose.
Uji aktivitas antihiperurisemia ekstrak daun kopasanda (Chromolaena Odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob terhadap mencit putih jantan (Mus Musculus L.) yang diinduksi kalium oxonat Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis; Muhammad Yunus; Jefri Naldi; Muhammad Andry; Pricella Ginting; Fira Safitri; Muhammad Amin Nasution
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 3 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i3.209

Abstract

Background: Kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena Odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob have been known as medicinal plants and spread in North America, Asia, West Africa and Australia have antibacterial and antioxidant properties, because the active compounds contained in Kopasanda leaves include: alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, quinone saponins, and tannins. Purpose; This study was to determine the activity of ethanol extract of kopasanda leaves (Chormolaena Odorata (L.) in reducing uric acid levels and to test antihyperuricemia levels and phytochemical screening. Method; This study used a laboratory experimental research design, to extract the chemical content in kopasanda leaves using maceration method using 70% ethanol. This research includes sampling, simplisia making, extract making, phytokimi screening, suspension making, test animal preparation and antihyperuricemia testing. The research data were analyzed using the crucible wallis test statistical test. Result; The study showed a decrease in uric acid levels in the EEDK group 20 mg / BB = 0.86%, EEDK 40 mg / BB = 1.18% and EEDK 80 mg / BB = 2.3%. The results of Wallis' crucial statistical test on day 9 showed a significant difference with a p-value of 0.000. The results of further difference tests showed a significant difference in each treatment. Conclusion: in this study is the ethanol extract of kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena Odorata (L), R.M.King &; H. Rob) the most effective is 80 mg / BB, this is evidenced by the results of one way anova statistical test with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05).
Uji Efek Antihiperglikimia Fraksi Aktif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata) dan Ekstrak Ikan Gabus (Channa Striata) pada Tikus Razoki Razoki; Cindy Ronaldo Munthe; Reh Malem Br Karo; Muhammad Yunus; Asyrun Alkhaira Lubis
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 6 No. 4 (2024): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development (Mei 202
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v6i4.919

Abstract

Tujuan penlitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas antihiperglikemia pada tumbuhan daun sirsak (annona muricata) sebagai terapi diabetes mellitus. Ekstrak di maserasi menggunakan pelrut ethanol 96%. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukan bahwa pada daun sirsak (annona muricata) mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan steroid/triterpenoid. Kemudian di lanjutkan proses fraksinasi ekstrak daun sirsak (annona muricata) untuk memperoleh fraksi aktif ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (annona muricata) dengan partisi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut n-heksan:etanol 96% = 1:1. Pengujian antihiperglikemia menggunakan hewan percobaan tikus puith jantan galur wistar. Konsentrasi kelompok Pada perlaukan pertama tidak diberikan perlakuan atau sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kedua diberikan perlakuan berupa pemberian fraksi ethanol ekstrak daun sirsak dengan dosis 200 mg/kg BB, kelompok ketiga diberikan ekstrak ikan gabus dengan dosis 250 mg/kg BB, kelompok keempat yang diberikan kombinasi fraksi ethanol ekstrak sirsak 200 mg/kg BB dan ekstak ikan gabus 250 mg/kg BB. Kelompok kelima yang diberikan kombinasi fraksi ethanol ekstrak daun sirsak 400 mg/kg BB dengan ekstrak ikan gabus 250 mg/kg BB. Lalu pada kelompok keenam diberikan kombinasi fraksi ethanol ekstrak daun sirsak 800 mg/kg BB dengan eksrak ikan gabus 250 mg/kg BB. Hasil paling besar dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah tikus pada kelompok keenam diberikan kombinasi fraksi ethanol ekstrak daun sirsak 800 mg/kg BB dengan eksrak ikan gabus 250 mg/kg BB dengan nilai rerata penurunan -25,54 %, Kelompok kelima yang diberikan kombinasi fraksi ethanol ekstrak daun sirsak 400 mg/kg BB dengan ekstrak ikan gabus 250 mg/kg BB dengan nilai penurun -3,65%, kelompok kedua diberikan perlakuan berupa pemberian fraksi ethanol ekstrak daun sirsak dengan dosis 200 mg/kg BB dengan nilai rerata penurunan -2,96%. Dan menunjukan bahwa penurunan kadar gula darah terbesar pada tikus jantan galur wistar yang di induksi glukosa 40% yaitu pada pada kelompok keenam diberikan kombinasi fraksi ethanol ekstrak daun sirsak 800 mg/kg BB dengan eksrak ikan gabus 250 mg/kg BB dengan nilai rerata penurunan -25,54 %.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Drug Selection and Dosage Appropriateness in Hospitalized Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at RSU Royal Prima Medan. January-June 2024 Purba, Helprida GM; Yunus, Muhammad; Ginting, Astriani Natalia Br
PCJN: Pharmaceutical and Clinical Journal of Nusantara Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): PCJN: Pharmaceutical and Clinical Journal of Nusantara
Publisher : CV. Nusantara Scientific Medical

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58549/pcjn.v3i02.105

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that requires appropriate drug management to achieve optimal blood glucose control. Appropriateness of drug and dose is essential to ensure the effectiveness of therapy. while cost-effectiveness analysis is needed to assess the efficiency of resource use in its management. This study aims to assess the appropriateness of the use of drugs and doses of type 2 antidiabetics based on PERKENI 2021 clinical guidelines and analyze the cost-effectiveness of therapy in hospitalized patients. This study used a retrospective descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in January-February 2025 using purposive sampling technique.The result of the 43 patients. the majority were female (55.8%) and aged 56-65 years (48.8%). The suitability of drug use in accordance with PERKENI 2021 reached 100%. but there was a dose discrepancy of 1.36%. namely the drug sitagliptin. Based on ACER and ICER parameters. the most cost-effective monotherapy is Glimepirid with an effectiveness value of 100%. an ACER value of IDR 83.886.43. while the most cost-effective combination therapy is Pioglitazon + metformin with an effectiveness value of 100%. an ACER value of IDR 100.639.21 and an ICER value of IDR 76.734.39 and IDR 13.317.37. Most of the therapies are in accordance with the PERKENI 2021 guidelines. but dosage accuracy still needs to be improved.
Formulation and Evaluation of Avocado Leaf Extract Cream Preparation (Persea americana Mill.) Sitanggang, Titin Krisdayanti; Yunus, Muhammad; Ginting, Astriani Natalia Br
PCJN: Pharmaceutical and Clinical Journal of Nusantara Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): PCJN: Pharmaceutical and Clinical Journal of Nusantara
Publisher : CV. Nusantara Scientific Medical

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58549/pcjn.v3i02.106

Abstract

As the outermost organ of the body, the skin is vulnerable to disorders such as inflammation, infection, and irritation, necessitating the use of effective and safe topical preparations. Avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a cream preparation containing ethanolic extract of avocado leaves as a natural active ingredient. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and formulated into three concentrations: 10% (F1), 15% (F2), and 20% (F3). Evaluations included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and physical stability. The results showed that all formulations had a homogeneous appearance, characteristic color according to extract concentration, were odorless and tasteless. The pH values ranged within a safe range for skin application (4.83–4.90), and the best spreadability was observed in formulation F2. Increasing extract concentration tended to decrease spreadability due to increased viscosity. All formulations demonstrated good physical stability during cyclic stability testing. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that avocado leaf ethanolic extract can be effectively formulated into a stable, safe, and physically acceptable cream suitable for topical use.
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Bakar Pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Dengan Diabetes Melitus Afika, Nur; Yunus , Muhammad; Novriani , Erida
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i3.935

Abstract

Burn wounds in patients with diabetes mellitus experience impaired healing due to chronic hyperglycemia. This study aims to identify phytochemical compounds, analyze the characteristics of crude drugs, and test the activity of ethanol extracts of bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) on burn wound healing in rats (Rattus norvegicus) with diabetes mellitus, including histological evaluation of wound tissue. Screening results showed that the extract contains active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, quinones, and steroids. Herbal material characterization met standards for moisture and ash content but did not meet standards for water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extract content. The extract gel formulation was tested at three concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%). Efficacy tests showed that the 15% gel accelerated wound healing by 100% by day 15, with histological findings indicating increased numbers of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and capillary blood vessels. This study concludes that ethanol extract of bandotan leaves has potential as an effective wound healing agent, particularly in diabetic conditions.
Uji Efektivitas Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Asam Jawa dalam Proses Penyembuhan Luka Bakar pada Tikus Jantan Tiara Fortuna A.R; Muhammad Yunus; Astriani Natalia Br Ginting
Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): November: Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan
Publisher : Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jrik.v5i3.5518

Abstract

Burn injuries are a significant health problem because they damage the skin’s protective barrier, increase the risk of infection, and may cause severe complications if not treated properly. The healing process is complex and involves several cellular events, in which fibroblasts play a key role by producing collagen and forming granulation tissue. Recently, there has been growing interest in natural, herbal-based therapies for wound care. Tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica) were chosen in this study because they contain flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and saponins, all of which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tissue-regenerating properties. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of ethanol extract gel of tamarind leaves at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% in promoting fibroblast proliferation and healing of burn wounds in male rats (Rattus norvegicus). An experimental randomized design was used with six groups: normal control, neative control, positive control, and three treatment groups. Clinical observation and histopathological analysis showed that the extract gel accelerated wound closure significantly compared to the negative control. Fibroblast proliferation was higher in all treatment groups, with the 10% extract giving the best result, similar to Bioplacenton. These findings highlight tamarind leaves’ potential as a safe and affordable alternative for burn wound therapy.
Uji Efektivitas Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Bakar pada Tikus Jantan (Rattus Norvegicus) Caniago, Indri M. Clearesta; Muhammad Yunus
JOURNAL SAINS STUDENT RESEARCH Vol. 3 No. 6 (2025): Jurnal Sains Student Research (JSSR) Desember
Publisher : CV. KAMPUS AKADEMIK PUBLISING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61722/jssr.v3i6.6742

Abstract

Burn wounds are tissue injuries caused by exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation, which may result in both local and systemic damage. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a gel formulation containing Centella asiatica leaf extract on the healing of second-degree burn wounds in male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Controlled burn injuries were induced on the rats’ backs and treated with the Centella asiatica gel at specific concentrations for 14 days. Observed parameters included wound size reduction, healing duration, and histopathological changes in the skin tissue. The results demonstrated that the Centella asiatica gel significantly accelerated the wound healing process compared to the control group. The active compounds, such as asiaticoside and triterpenoids, are believed to enhance collagen synthesis and tissue regeneration. Therefore, Centella asiatica gel has the potential to be developed as a natural therapeutic agent for burn wound healing.
Co-Authors Adinda Silvani Ginting Afika, Nur Astriani Natalia Br Ginting Asyrun Alkhaira Lubis Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis Asyrun lkhairi Lubis Brian Elberth Halu Caniago, Indri M. Clearesta Cindy Ronaldo Munthe Elfia Neswita Elfia Neswita Fira Safitri Ginting, Astriani Natalia Br Henny Yolanda Ardilla Hindri Syahputri Jefri Naldi Jefri Naldi Keliat, Elsa Nova Q Pani Melnihati Laia Muhammad Amin Nasution Muhammad Andry Novriani , Erida Nurasni Octavian Ashido Nababan Pricella Ginting Purba, Helprida GM Rawitri, Kiki Razoki Razoki Razoki Reh Malem Br Karo Rinda Sari, Syilvi Sembiring, Novitaria Sitanggang, Titin Krisdayanti Siti Nurkholifah Sri Wahyuni Tafonao, Rachel Julia Tiara Fortuna A.R Tuti Putri Waruwu Yolanda Eliza Putri Lubis Zulmai Rani