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Kejadian Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) Pada Pasien HIV dengan koinfeksi Tuberkulosis di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Jawa Tengah, Indonesia Maulida Arifiani; Zakky Cholisoh
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1629

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB-HIV) co-infection necessitates complex combination therapy using antituberculosis drugs (ATD) and antiretroviral therapy (ARV), significantly increasing the risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). However, data on DRPs patterns among TB-HIV patients in Indonesian referral hospitals remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to identify and describe the types and prevalence of DRPs among TB-HIV outpatients at a referral hospital in Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive observational study with a retrospective approach was conducted using medical records of TB-HIV outpatients from January 2024 to December 2025. A total of 111 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected using total sampling. DRPs were identified based on Cipolle's classification, covering indication, effectiveness, safety, and adherence-related problems. Results: Most patients were male (66.7%), adults (71.2%), received the HRZE regimen (91.0%), received TDF+3TC+EFV antiretroviral therapy (53.2%), and were in the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment (91.0%). The majority experienced ≥3 DRPs (64.9%), with a mean of 2.98 DRPs per patient. The most prevalent DRPs were drug interactions reducing drug concentration or therapeutic effects (97.3%), followed by drug interactions increasing drug concentration or toxicity (62.2%), need for additional drug therapy (37.8%), and medication non-adherence (34.2%). Conclusion: DRPs were highly prevalent among TB-HIV patients, predominantly involving drug interactions that may reduce treatment effectiveness or increase toxicity. Routine therapeutic monitoring and clinical pharmacist-led medication reviews are essential to optimize treatment outcomes in TB-HIV patients.
Prevalensi, Profil, dan Outcome Koinfeksi Tuberkulosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Rujukan Surakarta Aliya Ully Nihaya; Zakky Cholisoh
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1704

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Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remain significant global health problems. Indonesia has one of the highest tuberculosis case burdens in the world and continues to experience an increasing number of HIV cases each year. TB-HIV coinfection has a significant negative impact on the immune system and patient treatment outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical profiles, and treatment outcomes of patients with TB-HIV coinfection at a referral hospital in Surakarta. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study with a descriptive approach conducted at a referral hospital in Surakarta from January to December 2024. Data were obtained from medical records of outpatients with TB-HIV coinfection who met the inclusion criteria (TB patients aged >18 years who were confirmed HIV-positive). Variables analyzed included sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, area of residence, occupation), CD4 cell count, body weight, and treatment outcomes. Data analysis was performed descriptively using frequency distributions and percentages. Results: From 325 HIV patient medical records, 61 patients with TB-HIV coinfection were identified, yielding a prevalence of 18.77%. The highest proportion was found in the 41–50 years age group (26.20%), males (68.90%), and patients who were employed (82.00%). Most patients resided in rural areas (57.20%). Among 22 patients with complete CD4 data, 15 patients (24.60%) had CD4 counts ≥300 cells/mm³ and 7 patients (11.50%) had CD4 counts <300 cells/mm³. The mean body weight of patients was 53.84 kg. Treatment outcomes showed a cure rate of 37.70%, while suboptimal outcomes consisted of loss to follow up (29.50%), death (8.20%), treatment failure (8.20%), relapse (8.20%), and patients referred out (3.30%). Conclusion: The prevalence of TB-HIV coinfection at the referral hospital in Surakarta was 18.77%, with patient characteristics predominantly consisting of working-age males. The treatment success rate remains low (37.70%), falling below the WHO target (>85%). TB-HIV coinfection requires serious attention, and HIV screening among TB patients should be prioritized to facilitate early diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes for both diseases.
Model Intervensi Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Cepiring Nabilla Andasari Putri; Zakky Cholisoh; Tri Nur Azizah; Hogi Noni Saputro
Jurnal Entitas Kesehatan Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): AGUSTUS
Publisher : PT Mara Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64465/jek.v1i3.113

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Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kronis yang dikenal sebagai the silent killer. Tingkat ketidakpatuhan pengobatan pada penderita diabetes melitus di Indonesia masih tinggi. Dari 126 pasien PROLANIS diabetes melitus tipe 2, hasil pill count menunjukkan 61,1% (77 pasien) tidak patuh dan 38,9% patuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan pasien yang tidak patuh serta merancang model intervensi untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian observasional cross-sectional dan pengembangan model intervensi. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi kuesioner Modified Morisky Scale (MMS), Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), pill count, serta data alasan ketidakpatuhan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 23 dan Microsoft Excel 2013. Pengembangan model intervensi meliputi penilaian kebutuhan, identifikasi kebutuhan, pemilihan metode berbasis bukti dan teori, serta penyusunan intervensi. Hasil menunjukkan angka ketidakpatuhan terus meningkat, dengan kebutuhan terhadap pengobatan lebih tinggi daripada kekhawatiran. Pasien tidak patuh berada pada kuadran II dan IV BMQ. Model intervensi yang dikembangkan berupa booklet edukasi yang berfokus pada peningkatan pengetahuan penyakit dan pengobatan, penguatan keyakinan terhadap manfaat terapi, peningkatan kesadaran risiko komplikasi, pengurangan kekhawatiran, serta edukasi nonfarmakologi.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Drug Related Problems (DRPs) pada Pasien dengan Penyakit Kardiovaskular Aulia Ishthofa Hanindita; Zakky Cholisoh
MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Vol 6, No 9 (2026): Volume 6 Nomor 9 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mahesa.v6i3.24501

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ABSTRACT Drug-related problems (DRPs) in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global clinical challenge, contributing to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and worsen the quality of life. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related factors significantly influence the risk of DRPs, especially among patients requiring long-term pharmacotherapy. This systematic review aims to identify factors associated with the occurrence of DRPs among patients with cardiovascular diseases across different countries and to map the predominant risk patterns. Systematic review were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for penelitianes published between January 2015 and June 2025. 21 eligible penelitianes were included. DRPs were found to be a widespread issue with varying prevalence across regions. Key contributing factors included polypharmacy, comorbidities, advanced age, and the number of prescribed medications. In developing countries, non-adherence, educational level, and lack of medication understanding were more prominent, whereas in developed countries clinical vulnerability factors such as frailty, renal impairment, and cognitive decline were major contributors. Polypharmacy, comorbidities, and older age consistently emerged as the primary predictors of DRPs. Multidisciplinary interventions—including deprescribing, adherence monitoring, and strengthening the clinical pharmacist’s role—are essential to reduce DRPs in cardiovascular patients. Keywords: Drps, Polypharmacy, Cardiovascular Diseases, Comorbidities.  ABSTRAK Drug-related problems (DRPs) pada pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan masalah klinis global yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan efektivitas terapi dan memperburuk kualitas hidup pasien. Variasi kondisi sosiodemografis, klinis, dan pengobatan menyebabkan tingginya insidensi DRPs, terutama terhadap populasi dengan kebutuhan terapi jangka panjang. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi pada kejadian DRPs pada pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular di berbagai negara dan untuk memetakan pola faktor risiko yang dominan. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar untuk publikasi antara Januari 2015–Juni 2025. Total 21 penelitian diikutsertakan. DRPs ditemukan sebagai isu global dengan variasi prevalensi antar negara. Faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap DRPs meliputi polifarmasi, komorbiditas, usia lanjut, dan jumlah obat. Pada negara berkembang, faktor kepatuhan, tingkat pendidikan, serta kurangnya pemahaman pasien lebih dominan. Sementara pada negara maju faktor klinis seperti frailty, gangguan fungsi ginjal, dan penurunan kognitif lebih menonjol. Polifarmasi, komorbiditas, dan usia lanjut merupakan prediktor DRPs yang paling konsisten. Intervensi multidisiplin seperti deprescribing, pemantauan kepatuhan, dan peningkatan peran apoteker klinis diperlukan untuk menurunkan kejadian DRPs pada pasien penyakit kardiovaskular. Kata Kunci: Drps, Polifarmasi, Penyakit Kardiovaskular, Komorbiditas.
Hospital pharmacists’ perspectives on diabetes treatment barriers and solutions: A qualitative study from Indonesia Mika Tri Kumala Swandari; Zakky Cholisoh; Hidayah Karuniawati
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.15716

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Background: Despite available treatment options, diabetes mellitus (DM) management faces significant barriers affecting patient outcomes. While most research focuses on patient factors, limited attention has been given to healthcare provider perspectives, particularly hospital pharmacists who are key stakeholders in diabetes care. Objective: This study explored treatment barriers and solutions from hospital pharmacists’ perspectives in Indonesia. Methods: This qualitative phenomenological study involved 18 hospital pharmacists at Cilacap Regional General Hospital, Central Java, Indonesia. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and had minimum one-year experience in diabetes patient care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from January to February 2025, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim in Bahasa Indonesia, and analyzed using thematic analysis. All interviews were conducted in Bahasa Indonesia and participant quotes were translated to English while preserving original meaning and cultural context. Results: Analysis of three predetermined barrier themes revealed: adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (particularly metformin-related gastrointestinal effects and insulin-associated hypoglycemia), medication non-adherence (influenced by feeling healed, treatment boredom, age-related denial, and therapy burden), and monthly follow-up challenges (geographic barriers, transportation difficulties, physical limitations, and insufficient family support). Pharmacists proposed comprehensive solutions including patient and family education, interprofessional collaboration, technology integration through WhatsApp support, and flexible monitoring approaches. Conclusion: Pharmacist-identified barriers operate as interconnected system components requiring multi-level interventions. Evidence-based solutions emphasizing education, collaboration, family engagement, and technological support can enhance diabetes management outcomes while respecting cultural contexts and resource constraints.
Pasien Kanker Payudara yang Menerima Terapi Tamoxifen di Dua Rumah Sakit Swasta di Jawa Tengah: Profil Sosiodemografi, Klinis, dan Pengobatan Maria Fitri Setiawardani; Zakky Cholisoh; Pramudita Mila Hapsari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1114

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Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, including in Central Java Province, Indonesia, which reports a high incidence. The number of cases continues to increase, likely due to low public awareness of breast self-examination (BSE), limited health education, and a lack of motivation to undergo regular check-ups. One of the main treatment options is hormonal therapy, with Tamoxifen being the most widely used drug. To date, there is limited data on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics among breast cancer patients who use Tamoxifen in Central Java. This information is essential for improving patient care and treatment strategies. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients who received Tamoxifen at two private hospitals in Central Java. The results showed that most patients were under 50 years old (66%), had a low level of education (65.2%), and were employed (34.8%). Clinically, most patients were in advanced stages (56.5%), had no comorbidities (89.7%), and were not taking other medications (85%). These findings provide an initial overview of the profile of breast cancer patients using tamoxifen at two private hospitals in Central Java. However, these results cannot be generalized to the entire Central Java region due to the limitations of the study locations. Further studies with a broader scope are needed to obtain more representative data.
Drug Related Problems (DRPs) pada Pasien Mata Rawat Inap: Kajian Potong Lintang Retrospektif selama Dua Tahun Esthi Utaminingsih; Solikhah Rosvita Oktasari; Zakky Cholisoh
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 8 Nomor 4 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v8i4.1123

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Drug-related problems (DRPs) in ophthalmic inpatients may compromise the effectiveness and safety of therapy. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of DRPs among inpatients with eye diseases at Hospital X Tangerang during September 2022–August 2024. A retrospective cross-sectional design was applied, involving 178 patients who met the inclusion criteria. DRPs were identified using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) classification version 9.1 through review of prescriptions, clinical data, and medication records. Descriptive analysis were used to determine the DRP occurrence. Results showed that most patients were aged 18–60 years (71.9%), female (55.1%), without comorbidities (82.0%), and received an average of 5 medications during hospitalization. Four DRP cases (2.2%) were identified, consisting of one case of treatment effectiveness (P1.2) 25% and three cases of drug safety problems (P2.1) 75%. The main causes were contraindicated drug use despite guideline adherence (C1.2) 50%, inappropriate drug combinations (C1.4) 25%, and patient non-adherence (C7.1) 25%. The low DRP incidence was likely related to the short hospitalization duration and the predominance of topical therapy with minimal systemic exposure. These findings highlight the important role of clinical pharmacists in therapy monitoring to prevent DRPs in ophthalmic inpatients.
Kelengkapan Terapi Medis Sesuai Pedoman dan Dampaknya terhadap Luaran Terapi pada Pasien Angina Pektoris Tidak Stabil: Penelitian di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Tersier di Indonesia Muhammad Rifki Saufi; Zakky Cholisoh
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1357

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Unstable angina pectoris (UAP) is a major cause of cardiovascular hospitalization and requires complex inpatient pharmacological management. Variability in the completeness of core guideline-recommended acute pharmacotherapy may influence inpatient therapeutic outcomes, including length of hospital stay (LOS). This study aimed to evaluate the completeness of core guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy and its association with LOS among hospitalized patients with unstable angina pectoris at a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia. A descriptive observational study with a retrospective design was conducted using secondary data from medical records. Of 214 hospitalized patients screened, 144 adult patients diagnosed with unstable angina pectoris met the inclusion criteria. Data collected included demographic characteristics, smoking status, comorbidities, LOS, and pharmacological therapy administered during hospitalization. Pharmacotherapy completeness was operationally defined based on the documented use of three core disease-modifying drug classes recommended for the acute management of unstable angina pectoris: antiplatelet therapy (single or dual), statin therapy, and beta-blocker therapy based on core acute-phase recommendations in the ESC 2023 and AHA/ACC 2023 guidelines, at any time during the inpatient stay. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics and medication use, while bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between pharmacotherapy completeness and LOS. Most patients were male (62.5%) and aged 40–59 years (47.9%) or ≥60 years (43.1%), with a median LOS of 4 days (interquartile range 3–5). The most frequently prescribed drug classes were statins (92.4%), beta-blockers (91.7%), aspirin (88.2%), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (86.1%). Dual antiplatelet therapy was administered in 66.7% of patients, and anticoagulants in 28.5%. Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant association between pharmacotherapy completeness and length of hospital stay (p = 0.642). In conclusion, hospitalized patients with unstable angina pectoris generally received pharmacological therapy aligned with core guideline-recommended acute-phase management. However, the absence of a significant association between pharmacotherapy completeness and LOS suggests that LOS is a multifactorial outcome influenced by clinical and organizational factors beyond pharmacological management. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive inpatient care and structured medication review, including the role of clinical pharmacists, in optimizing treatment for patients with UAP.
Medication Adherence Profile among Hemodialysis Patients Gabriell Aldiaz Zahra; Zakky Cholisoh
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 5 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2478

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Medication adherence is an important component of long-term management among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis because complex medication regimens and chronic disease conditions may create challenges in maintaining optimal medication-taking behavior. Understanding medication adherence profiles is essential for identifying patients who may require additional support and improving comprehensive pharmaceutical care services. This study aimed to describe the medication adherence profile among maintenance hemodialysis patients at a referral hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 47 maintenance hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion criteria. Respondents were recruited using consecutive sampling. Data collection was conducted using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the validated Medication Adherence Report Scale-5 (MARS-5). Sociodemographic characteristics and medication adherence profiles were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. The findings showed that 59.6% of respondents had high medication adherence, 34.0% had moderate adherence, and 6.4% were categorized as non-adherent. Most participants were aged 45–60 years (66.0%), male (55.3%), had completed senior high school education (34.0%), were unemployed (80.9%), and had monthly incomes below the Solo Regional Minimum Wage (74.5%). Most respondents had undergone maintenance hemodialysis for 12–36 months (78.7%), and family assistance in medication management was reported by 66.0% of respondents. Medication adherence among maintenance hemodialysis patients at a referral hospital was generally favorable, with the majority of respondents demonstrating high adherence. However, a proportion of patients still showed moderate or poor adherence, indicating the need for continuous monitoring and targeted interventions.
Co-Authors Adelina Damayanti Adi Fahmi Anshari Ahmad Rajali Aliya Ully Nihaya Aliya Ully Nihaya Amanda Wahyu Kurniawan Ambar Yunita Nugraheni Anita Sukmawati Audi Tahta Aurellia Aulia Ishthofa Hanindita Azmi, Rizki Nur Brainandiva Ade Fitria Burhannudin Ichsan Cahya Rahma Utami Damayanti, Adelina Dedi Hanwar Dian Oktianti Dwi Novita Sari Endang Setyaningsih Erindyah R. Wikantyasning Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning Esthi Utaminingsih Farida Rahayu Gabriell Aldiaz Zahra Gita Ayu Pradina Hekmah, Laila Nur Heppy Purbasari Hidayah Karuniawati Hidayah Karuniawati Hidayah, Azzahra Zulfa Nur Hogi Noni Saputro Husna Fauzia Ika Trisharyanti Dian Kusumowati Inesya Febrianing Rizki Irhamadi Malik Karol Giovani Battista Leki Khofifah Nuraini Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa Kusumastuti, Maria Siska Triyuniar Kusumawardani, Mia Laila Nur Hekmah Laras Utami Larasati, Arindra livana ph Luluk Ria Rakhma Malik, Irhamadi Maria Fitri Setiawardani Maria Fitri Setiawardani Mar’ah, Siti Sitatul Maulida Arifiani Maulida Arifiani Meia Yevi Setiawati Metrikana Novembrina Mika Tri Kumala Swandari Mika Tri Kumala Swandari Mika Tri Kumala Swandari Muhammad Faqih Muhammad Ikhsan Al Af Ghani Muhammad Rifki Saufi Muhammad Rifki Saufi Nabilla Andasari Putri Nabilla Andasari Putri Nirma Seftiyanti Nur ‘Azah Olyvia Azzahra Putri Hartono Pradina, Gita Ayu Pramudita Mila Hapsari Pramudita Mila Hapsari Pramudita Mila Hapsari Putri, Citra Agustin Ananda Putri, Nabilla Andasari Ramadhani, Renita Nur Ramdani, Tasya Eka Refsya Azanti Putri Reiza, Zenita Rima Munawaroh Riswanto, Muhammad Imam Rizka Mulya Miranti Rizki Nur Azmi Rizki Nur Azmi Rizky Aulia Rohmah, Siti Alfiatur Rosela Dike Rantis Rukmini, Aulia Sally Astya Utami Sania Nayasari Khoirunnisa Santoso, Dona Yanuar agus Setiaji, Muh Maskur Setiawan, Abdul Aziz Setyo Nurwaini Siti Alfiatur Rohmah Solikhah Rosvita Oktasari Sri Suwarni Sulistia Suryaman Syah, Dhafina Salsabila Tanti Azizah Tanti Azizah Tri Kamalasari Tri Nur Azizah Utami, Sally Astya Wahyu Utami Wahyudi, Afiv Yoeri Rafiqi Al Hanafi Yuka Aulia Rahma Zaenab Zaenab Zaenab Zulfa, Farah Qanitha Zurroh, Al Hajar Fuadatus