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Timur, Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka
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Status United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP) dalam Hukum Internasional terhadap Kedaulatan Indonesia Rahim, Abdillah Satari; Cempaka Timur, Fauzia Gustarina
Interdependence Journal of International Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (224.697 KB) | DOI: 10.54144/ijis.v2i1.43

Abstract

Pola pendekatan gerakan insurjens saat ini telah ber “evolusi” dari waktu ke waktu. Hal ini ditandai dengan pola serangan yang dulunya didominasi melalui gerakan konfrontasi militer bersenjata (hard-power) menjadi gerakan dengan pola pendekatan diplomasi untuk memperoleh legitimasi internasional (soft-power). Begitupun yang dilakukan oleh kelompok insurjen Pembebasan Papua Barat ULMPW (United Liberation Movement for West Papua). Mereka mengklaim kekuasaan dan kekuatan mereka saat ini membuat status insurjen yang disematkan kepada mereka ditinjau dalam status hukum internasional telah sampai pada tahap belligerent. Sesuai aturan hukum internasional dengan melekatnya status belligerent terhadap ULMWP membuat mereka berhak untuk menuntut hak dan medapat dukungan internasional untuk mendirikan negara yang bebas (merdeka) yang tidak diatur oleh negara lain. Melalui Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi untuk memahami fenomena dan realitas yang tampak, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa masalah status belligerent ULMWP sebagai subjek hukum internasional dalam upaya disintegrasi Papua Barat terhadap Indonesia. Teori yang digunakan dalam menganilisis fenomena yang diamati adalah teori tentang hukum internasional dan teori tentang insurgency dan belligerency sebagai subjek hukum internasional. Dari hasil pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa pengakuan status ULMWP sebagai kaum pemberontak belligerent yang hak dan kewajibannya diatur dan dilindungi oleh hukum internasional merupakan hal yang tidak memiliki landasan yang kuat. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang dilakukan dengan menjadikan Pasal 1 Konvensi Den Haag IV 1907 sebagai acuan karakteristik kelompok pemberontak belligerent menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada satu pun karakteristik atau sifat kaum belligerent yang disebutkan dalam pasal tersebut melekat dalam tubuh organisasi ULMWP yang menjadi sifat, ciri atau karakter organisasi tersebut.
Threat Perception in Indonesia: Time Series Analysis of Defense Doctrines Between 1991 - 2023 Priyanto, Priyanto; Akbar, Mujaddid; Timur, Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka
Journal of Governance Volume 9 Issue 4: (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31506/jog.v9i4.29873

Abstract

National Defense Doctrine is a teaching about the fundamental principles of national defense. Defense doctrine is very important as a guideline in administering national defense. Defense doctrine is greatly influenced by developments in the global, regional, and national strategic environment, which could potentially give rise to threats, whether military, non-military, or hybrid. Defense doctrine will continue to evolve according to developments in the strategic environment and the dynamics of these threats. How to assess the nature of threats and the basic principles in overcoming these threats, as stated in the national defense doctrine from 1991 to 2023, is certainly something important to know in order to identify the various types of threats that have emerged or will emerge in the future. The research approach used by researchers is a qualitative approach using secondary data sources in the form of documents. From the research results, it can be concluded that, first, the National Defense Doctrine has undergone changes five times, namely since 1991, 2007, 2014, 2015, and 2023. Second, there are a number of similarities and differences between existing defense doctrines. Third, the Reformation Era had a significant impact on changes to the country's defense and security system. Fourth, synergy between defense components is very important in the implementation of defense.
KESIAPAN PRAJURIT ZENI TNI-AD DALAM MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN NUBIKA DI INDONESIA: STUDI KASUS KOMPI ZENI NUBIKA PADA ERA COVID 19 Agni, Wanti; Gustarina Cempaka Timur, Fauzia; Priyanto, Priyanto
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 11, No 4 (2024): NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v11i4.2024.1722-1727

Abstract

Ancaman yang berasal dari senjata pemusnah masal yang terdiri dari Nuklir, Biologi dan Kimia (NUBIKA) saat ini semakin meningkat, termasuk pada era pandemi Covid-19. Di TNI terutama di Matra Darat, TNI AD mempunyai Prajurit Zeni, khususnya Kompi Zeni Nubika, yang memiliki peran penting dalam penanggulangan ancaman Nubika tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesiapan Prajurit Zeni dalam menghadapi ancaman Nubika di Indonesia. Studi kasus dilakukan pada Kompi Zeni Nubika pada era Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi Pustaka. Pengumpulan data melalui literatur view di perpustakaan, dari jurnal terdahulu dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan Prajurit Zeni Nubika dalam menghadapi ancaman Nubika di Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan.
Komunikasi Strategis dan Propaganda: Peran Media dalam Dinamika Perang Gagasan di Konflik Asimetris Kartikaningrum, Pratiwi Ika; Timur, F G Cempaka; Dohamid, Ahmad G
AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Vol 4, No 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/aurelia.v4i1.5297

Abstract

Peran media dalam perang gagasan menjadi faktor yang sangat penting dalam konflik asimetris, dimana kekuatan yang tidak seimbang antara pihak yang terlibat dan penggunaan informasi sebagai alat yang digunakan dalam peperangan menjadi jauh lebih penting. Pada tulisan ini, dapat dilihat bagaimana komunikasi dan manipulasi informasi melalui media dapat menggiring opini, memperkuat posisi politik, dan mengendalikan konflik. Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana strategi manipulatif seperti propaganda, framing, dan disinformasi yang digunakan oleh aktor negara maupun aktor non-negara dapat mendapatkan dukungan publik dan mengilangkan legitimasi musuh. Faktor utama yang dapat memperkuat menipulasi dalam konflik asimetris adalah media sosial yang digunakan untuk menyebarkan informasi secara cepat. Kemudian dalam tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai bagaimana dampak manipulasi informasi terhadap opini publik dan persepsi konflik. Tulisan ini juga menggambarkan dampak dari perang gagasan terhadap kestabilan sosial dan politik.
Militarisation of Space as a Domain of Warfare: An Indonesian Perspective Setyawan, Irwan; Timur, F. G. Cempaka; Reksoprodjo, Agus Hasan S.
Jurnal Sosial, Politik dan Budaya (SOSPOLBUD) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/sospolbud.v4i1.13773

Abstract

The advancement of space technology and the growing acquisition of technology by various nations have transformed outer space into a new battlefield. This article explores the issue of militarization of space, concentrating on Indonesia's role within this context. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology through a literature review and S.W.O.T. analysis, the author assesses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges that Indonesia faces regarding space militarization. Despite notable progress in the development of space technology, Indonesia still encounters various challenges that need to be addressed at both national and international levels. Given the escalating global tensions surrounding the militarization of outer space, it is essential for Indonesia to effectively utilize its strengths and seize opportunities to bolster its capabilities in maintaining security in space.
Admiral Malahayati: The Role of Women in Maritime Defense Singgih Wiryono; Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur; Almuchalif Suryo
Kemudi Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Kemudi: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31629/kemudi.v9i2.7063

Abstract

Admiral Malahayati, a female figure in the history of the Aceh Sultanate, played a significant role in defending regional sovereignty from colonial threats in the late 16th century. This study explores Malahayati's contribution to naval warfare strategies and community participation, especially war widows, in defense efforts. Using a qualitative approach and theories of maritime war and general warfare, this study analyzes how Malahayati utilized community support and local resources to build an effective military force. The entry of Inong Balee (widows) troops who lost their husbands in the conflict gave a new dimension to the concept of maritime resilience. They not only played a role as logistical support but were also actively involved in the resistance against the invaders. Using the principle of civil society involvement expressed by Reznikova, this study shows that civil society participation, especially the active role of women, is an important element in maintaining a country's sovereignty. The results of this study highlight the importance of integrating the roles of women and society in defense strategies, as well as the significance of Malahayati's history in the context of modern debates about community involvement in national defense, especially among women. These findings are expected to provide new insights into women's contributions to Indonesian military history and open new discussions about national resilience in the face of contemporary threats.
Star Wars: Comparing Military Space Power Among Major Nations Irwan Setyawan; Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur; Agus Hasan S. Reksoprodjo
Kemudi Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Kemudi: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31629/kemudi.v9i2.7070

Abstract

Advancements in space technology have significantly altered military and geopolitical dynamics worldwide. This research aims to explore the space military capabilities of major powers, specifically the United States, China, and Russia. Utilizing a qualitative method that includes literature review and case analysis, this study examines the latest developments in space technology, the military strategies employed, and the geopolitical impacts arising from competition in this domain. The findings indicate that these three countries enhance their space capabilities in different ways, such as the establishment of the Space Force by the U.S., the launch of the BeiDou navigation system by China, and the strengthening of the Aerospace Force by Russia. Additionally, this research highlights new challenges in maintaining global stability, where reliance on space technology may increase security risks. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each country, this study provides deeper insights into the dynamics of global power in the era of space.
Securitization of Coastal Defense in The Delta Works Projects: Lesson learned for Indonesia Maria Chris Lievonne; Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur; Dr. Muhammad Hadianto
Kemudi Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Kemudi: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31629/kemudi.v9i2.7072

Abstract

The phenomenon of sea level rise, attributable to climate change, poses a significant threat to island nations and coastal regions, including Indonesia. Jakarta, a metropolitan area with a population of 10.684.946, is projected to experience substantial flooding, with estimates indicating that by 2050, one-third of the city may be submerged. In response to this impending threat, the Indonesian government has initiated developments in coastal defense. To identify appropriate measures for Indonesia, it is essential to reference the experiences of other nations, notably the Netherlands. The Netherlands was selected due to its extensive experience in coastal defense, particularly through its Delta program. The success of this initiative commenced in 1953 following a catastrophic flood that resulted in significant loss of life and property. The Delta Works project, which was undertaken as the initial response, engaged all societal levels and aimed to safeguard coastal areas and regions below sea level from future flooding incidents. This research employs qualitative methodologies and literature techniques, presenting findings in a descriptively narrative format through the lens of securitization theory. The objective of this study is to elucidate the Dutch measures in implementing the Delta program, with a specific focus on the Delta Works, and to extract lessons applicable to Indonesia, particularly within the Jakarta region, from the successful development of coastal defense initiatives. The findings indicate that the Netherlands established a national defense framework through the institutions of the Delta program. Key elements necessary for the success of coastal defense projects include community involvement, transparency, and a commitment to long-term engagement in the implementation of these initiatives.
The Effect of Artificial Intelligence in terms of Effectiveness and Efficiency on Military Operation Fachry Fachraddin Rahman; Fauzia Gustarina Cempaka Timur; I Wayan Midhio
Kemudi Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Kemudi: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31629/kemudi.v9i2.7075

Abstract

This research explores the impact of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) on the effective-ness and efficiency of military operations. With rapid technological advancements, AI has be-come a crucial component in the modernization of military strategy and tactics. This research describes the impact of artificial intelligence on military operations in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. The methodology is descriptive qualitative research on how AI affects military operations and how it compares before the influence of AI. The results show that AI can signif-icantly improve operational effectiveness by increasing intelligence accuracy and tactical re-sponsiveness, as well as efficiency by reducing operational costs and increasing decision-making speed. However, the research also identified associated challenges and risks, such as cybersecurity concerns and the ethics of using AI in armed conflict. The findings provide valu-able insights for military decision-makers and technology developers in designing optimal AI integration strategies.
The Challenge of Predicting the Security Situation in Indonesia: Implementation of the Noken System in Papua Pure, Solihin; Suryo, Almuchalif; Timur, Fauzia G Cempaka
Kemudi Vol 10 No 1 (2025): Kemudi: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Pemerintahan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31629/kemudi.v10i1.7537

Abstract

The implementation of elections in Papua always has its own dynamics, one of which is the existence of the noken system. This system is a tangible recognition of the political and legal rights of the indigenous people of Papua, as guaranteed by the constitution, and has even received legal legitimacy through Constitutional Court Decision No. 47-81/PHPU.A-VII/2009, further reinforced by Constitutional Court Decision No. 06-32/PHPU-DPD/XII/2014. Noken refers to a traditional bag made by the Papuan people. This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges in predicting security situations in electoral districts with the noken system. The results of this study are expected to provide insights and recommendations for stakeholders in managing a safe and peaceful election process. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method. Data sources include scientific journals, books, and articles relevant to the research topic. The full noken system is still in use in six districts in Central Papua Province: Puncak Jaya, Puncak, Paniai, Intan Jaya, Deiyai, and Dogiyai. The full and mixed Noken systems implemented in the Papua Pegunungan Province, namely Nduga Regency (Full Noken System) and Jayawijaya, Yahukimo, Mamberamo Tengah, Lanny Jaya, and Tolikara, use a mixed system in several districts and villages. The Noken system, although considered a form of local democracy in Papua, faces significant challenges in predicting security situations in electoral districts. The main challenges include limited oversight, potential communal conflicts, and a lack of transparency. To address these challenges, it is necessary to enhance the transparency of the electoral process, encourage active community participation, and foster close collaboration among stakeholders to maintain security stability in electoral districts using the Noken system.
Co-Authors Afifuddin, Moch Agni, Wanti Agus Adriyanto Agus H. Sulistiyono Reksoprodjo Agus H.S Reksoprodjo Agus Hasan S. Reksoprodjo Ahmad G. Dohamid Ahmad G. Dohamid Ahmad G. Dohamid Ahmadi Fadillah Akbar, Mujaddid Akmal, Mula Akmalina, Aulia Al Fauzi, Muhammad Ridwan Aldelita Putri Balqis Romulia Alif Asy'ari Alif Asy’ari Almuchalif Suryo Alsodiq Alsodiq Anak Agung Banyu Perwita Andayani, Lily Andy Charman Gartika Anugrah, Muhammad Lutfi Aulia Akmalina Aulia Akmalina Aulia, M. Rezza Nuril Banyu Perwita, A. A. Bayu Nur Alam Bayu Nur’Alam Beny Abukhaer Tatara Dina Subagia Dohamid, Ahmad G Dr. Muhammad Hadianto Dudi Gurnadi Kartasasmita Dwiki Setya Hendrawan Dyah Aryati Nugraha Ningsih Fachry Fachraddin Rahman Febyorita Amelia Frega Wenas Inkiriwang H. Sulistiyono Reksoprodjo, Agus I Wayan Midhio Irwan Setyawan Isnain Sidin, Muhammad Ita Nurjanah Jodi Quanandi Kartikaningrum, Pratiwi Ika Kaunang, Elfira Sylviani KBG Sumudu Madutharanga KBG Sumudu Madutharanga1 Khoirul Umam M. Rezza Nuril Aulia Mahendro Bhirowo Mardi Siswoyo Maria Anatasya Sekar Pamungkas Maria Chris Lievonne Martadinata, Ilham Meo, Reinardus L Moch Afifuddin Mochammad Afifuddin Muh Fachrul Febriansyah Muhammad Halkis Muhammad Sutomo Nefo Handayani Kertopati, Susaningtyas Ningsih Susilawati Nur Hajizah, Yasmin Pedrason, Rodon Perwita, Anak Agung Banju Priyanto Priyanto Priyanto Priyanto, Priyanto Pujo Widodo Pujo Widodo, Pujo Pure, Solihin Rachmat Setiawibawa Rachmawati, Dewi Tiur Rahim, Abdillah Satari Rahmat Adi Anggoro Rakha Pratama Rakhma, Shofia Reksoprodjo, Agus Hasan S. Risa Rizania Risman, Helda Rizania, Risa Rizerius Eko Hadisancoko Rizki, Aththaariq Ronika, Yulia Febi Zita Rudy Sutanto Rudy Sutanto Saleha Mufida Savero, Vito Setyawan, Irwan Singgih Wiryono Siswoputro, Suspada Sitti Faridah Soya Ani Prasetyo Stellar Mella Sugiarta, Yannisa Rakhmani Surachman Surjaatmadia Surachman Surjaatmadja Surryanto Djoko Waluyo Surryanto Waluyo Suryadi, Muhammad Susaningtyas N.H. Kertopati Swastanto, Yoedhi Syakirin, Jamaluddin Syamsul Arifin Tampubolon, Ronald Titis Margiyati Utomo, Bambang Yannisa Rakhmani Sugiarta Yanyan M. Yani Yulia Febi Zita Ronika