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Legal Compliance with Merger Notification Requirements for Foreign Business Entities in the Crypto Asset Sector: An Analysis of KPPU Decision No. 16/KPPU-M/2024 Melki T. Tunggati; Karlin Z. Mamu; Sofyan Piyo
Syura: Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Darul Ulum Banyuanyar Pamekasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58223/syura.v4i2.801

Abstract

This research critically examines the legal compliance of foreign business actors with merger notification obligations in Indonesia's crypto asset sector, using KPPU Decision Number 16/KPPU-M/2024 as its empirical anchor while offering a theoretical contribution that integrates extraterritorial jurisdiction doctrine with legal compliance theory. Employing normative legal research through statutory, case, and comparative approaches, this study evaluates the reasoning quality of the Commission's decision rather than merely describing it, finding that while two of four violation elements were soundly proven, two others were established declaratively without transparent methodology. A comprehensive four-country comparison (Indonesia, the European Union, the United States, and Singapore) reveals that Indonesia is the only jurisdiction lacking any structured compliance guidance for foreign investors, and that its fixed administrative sanction produced a disproportionately weak deterrent against a multinational entity affiliated with Binance. The study further develops an original analytical framework identifying four structural dimensions unique to crypto markets, namely market concentration, network effects, platform dominance, and data concentration, none of which are captured by Indonesia's conventional asset-and-sales-value merger thresholds. These findings indicate that foreign business actors' non-compliance stems not merely from individual negligence but from systemic regulatory and institutional gaps. The research concludes that effective merger oversight in the crypto sector requires responsive regulatory reform, a gradual transition toward pre-merger notification, and sector-specific compliance instruments, while acknowledging its limitation as a single-case normative study whose findings warrant further empirical validation.
Viktimologi Penganiayaan Guru Oleh Oknum Orang Tua Siswa Di Sekolah Faruk Rumbu Raya Rabani Ente; Lisnawaty Badu; Karlin Z. Mamu
Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Knowledge and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69693/ijim.v4i2.1137

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas tentang pendekatan viktimologi terhadap Penganiayaan oleh oknum orang tua siswa terhadap guru di sekolah serta realisasi penegakan hukum terhadap guru sebagai korban penganiayaan oleh oknum orang tua siswa di sekolah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pengumpulan bahan hukum dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, kebijakan perundangan. Hasil penelitian skripsi ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan viktimologi terhadap penganiayaan oleh oknum orang tua siswa terhadap guru di sekolah menunjukan bahwa guru tetap berkedudukan sebagai korban dilihat dari teori presiptasi korban, tetapi terdapat tindakan atau sikap tertentu dari guru yang ikut memicu kemarahan orang tua hingga terjadi penganiayaan, tanpa berarti menyalahkan atau menghapus status korban tersebut. Realisasi penegakan hukum terhadap guru yang mengalami penganiayaan, dilihat dari sudut viktimologi, menekankan posisi guru sebagai korban struktural yang rentan dalam lingkungan pendidikan, di mana faktor presipitasi seperti teguran disiplin atau kesalahpahaman komunikasi dengan orang tua siswa. Penelitian juga menemukan bahwa secara yuridis perbuatan pelaku memenuhi unsur pasal 351 KUHP, namun kasus diselesaikan melalui mekanisme restorative justice dengan mediasi oleh aparat penegak hukum, sehingga hubungan anatara guru, orang tua, dan sekolah dapat dipulihkan tanpa proses pidana formal, sekaligus menegaskan pentingnya perlindungan hukum bagi guru melalui UU No.14 tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen dan UU No.13 tahun 2006 tentang perlindungan saksi dan korban.
Co-Authors Afandy Hermawan, Mohamad Ahmad Ahmad Akbar Hidayatullah Daud ALINTI, SITI NURHALIZAH Apripari, Apripari Bakue, Risma DHEA ANANDA ADAM Dhevindhra Aditya Djohn Bilondatu Dian Ekawaty Ismail Dinda Sucia Ramadansyah Korompot Dolot Alhasni Bakung Ekwanto, Endah Rizki Faruk Rumbu Raya Rabani Ente Fence M Wantu Fenty U. puluhulawa HARUN, YUSRIN M. Hasan, Yeti S Hasan, Yeti S. Hendri Khuan Henro Prayitno Nento Henry Kristian Huntoyungo, Abdul Fahri Ibrahim, Vicky Irwan Polidu IYAN KASIM Jufri Julius Mandjo Julius T. Mandjo Lisnawati W. Badu Lisnawaty Badu Lisnawaty W. Badu M. Pasole Mahful, Aldy Mandjo, Julius T. Melki T. Tuggati Melki T. Tunggati Mohamad Batu Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar Mohamad Syahnez W. Aditya Cono Mohamad Taufiq Zulfikar Sarson Mohamad, Meliyanti Mokodongan, Indryati Muh Fadli Faisal Rasyid Muhamad Khairun Kurniawan Kadir Muhamad Rusdiyanto Puluhuluwa MUTIA CHERAWATY THALIB Mutia Cherawaty Thalib Nabih Amer Nirwan Junus NUR AYIN HIOLA Nur Mohamad Kasim Nurul Fazri Elfikri Nuvazria Achir Octaviani Suryaningsih Masaguni Pade, Sri Rahayu Lestari Pelu, Febriyanti Polidu, Irwan Puluhuwa, Moh. RU Ria Anggita Zen. M Rosela Ismail Musa RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Saptaning Ruju Paminto SILVANA ADELIYA MAHMUD Sofyan Piyo Sri Nanang Meiske Kamba Sri Olawati Suaib Sri Olawati Suaib Sri Olawaty DJ. Suaib Sri Wahyuni S. Moha Suaib, Sri Olawati Suaib, Sri Olawati Dj. Suwitno Y. Suwitno Y. Suwitno Yutye Imran Thalib, Mastura H. Yutye Imran, Suwito Zamroni Abdusamad Zamroni Abdussamad