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JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia
Published by Universitas Islam Indonesia
ISSN : 20854145     EISSN : 25272950     DOI : 10.208885/JKKI.Vol10.Iss3.art5
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
JKKI: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia is a peer-reviewed journal in the field of medical and health sciences. This journal is designed as a place of dissemination of information and scientific knowledge, which publishes three times a year. It publishes original article, article review, and case report. These comprise of biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, public health sciences, and medical science education.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran Keluarga
Articles 511 Documents
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Caspase-3 modulation by Cinnamomum burmannii extract attenuates pancreatic damage in diabetic rats: An in silico and in vivo study Sulihah, Nurfaizah Titisari; Mufida, Diana Chusna; Akbar, Anandiya Dzakyfikri Dzikrullah; Baidowi, Ivan Iqbal
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art2

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion or action. This condition may trigger oxidative stress leading to apoptosis, mediated by caspase-3. Pancreatic tissue damage caused by apoptosis contributes to diabetes progression. Cinnamomum burmannii extract is known to contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, which may provide protective effects on pancreatic tissue.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of C. burmannii extract in modulating caspase-3 in pancreatic diabetic rats through both in silico and in vivo studies.Method: The in silico study was conducted using molecular docking analysis to evaluate the binding affinity and interaction patterns of active compounds from C. burmannii with Caspase-3 as the target protein involved in apoptosis using pyRx, with visualization in Discovery Studio. The in vivo study used streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rat, which were randomly divided into four groups (normal control group, DM group, DM group treated with C. burmannii extract 100 mg/kg BW, DM group treated with CB extract 200 mg/kg BW). The pancreatic tissue was collected, and the Caspase-3 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS Statistics with one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient, with p < 0.05 considered significant.Results: The in silico analysis demonstrated that epicatechin compounds have a strong binding affinity with the active site of caspase-3. Then the in vivo analysis indicated that administration of C. burmannii extract significantly reduced caspase-3 expression in the pancreas of the diabetic rats compared to the control group.Conclusion: C. burmannii extract has potential as an antiapoptotic agent through caspase-3 modulation. These findings provide scientific evidence supporting the promising role of C. burmannii as an adjunctive therapeutic agent in diabetes management.
Association of leukocyte and blood glucose levels with traumatic brain injury severity: A cross-sectional study at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital Ekie, Mohamad Abdussholeh; Wahyudi
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art3

Abstract

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a functional disorder of the brain due to external trauma that injures the brain with the most common cause being road traffic accidents. The severity of TBI is divided into three categories based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score: mild, moderate, and severe. TBI can trigger a systemic stress response that may lead to changes in leukocyte counts and blood glucose levels.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between admission leukocyte count, blood glucose levels, and the clinical severity of TBI. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study utilized secondary data obtained from the medical records of 209 patients with TBI treated at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital between 2022 and 2023. Data on participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics, including sex, age, patient outcome, cause of injury, and type of trauma were collected. TBI severity was classified according to GCS scores as mild, moderate, or severe. Admission leukocyte counts and random blood glucose levels were also recorded. Statistical analysis employed the Chi-Square test, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman's rank correlation test.Results: A significant positive association was found between elevated leukocyte count and TBI severity (p<0.001), and between elevated admission blood glucose level and TBI severity (p<0.001). The mean leukocyte count and blood glucose level were highest in the severe TBI group (18,217.39 ± 5,910.59 cells/μL and 190.49 ± 92.10 mg/dL, respectively). However, the correlation between leukocyte count and blood glucose level themselves was not statistically significant (r=0.129, p=0.062).Conclusion: Leukocyte and blood glucose level have significant association with severity of TBI. These results suggest that leukocyte and blood glucose levels may function as important parameters in the initial assessment protocol for patients with traumatic brain injury.
Histopathological damage and TNF alpha expression of ileal mucosa in intra-abdominal hypertension rat models Cahyono, Roby; Suhariyanto, Indra Wahono; Sofii, Imam; Irianiwati
Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art11

Abstract

Background: Intra-abdominal hypertension is a common underestimated clinical condition that can lead to morbidity and mortality. One of the potential complications is ileal mucosa damage and the increase of TNF alpha expression, while early decompression treatment has shown potential benefit to reduce ileal damage. Objectives: To determine the difference in ileal mucosa histopathological damage and TNF alpha expression in intra-abdominal hypertension between non-decompression and decompression conditions.Methods: This study employed experimental design using a post-test only control group. Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided equally into 3 groups according to treatment: a healthy control group (K), an intra-abdominal hypertension group without decompression (P1), and an intra-abdominal hypertension group with decompression treatment (P2). Intra-abdominal hypertension was induced by mechanical obstruction of the anal canal. After intra-abdominal hypertension was induced and treatment was completed, ileal mucosa erosion or ulceration, villous shortening, and TNF alpha expression were observed as parameters of ileal mucosa damage.Results: Ileal mucosa damage and TNF alpha expression are the most frequently observed in the intra-abdominal hypertension group (P1), followed by the decompression treatment group (P2), then the healthy control group (K). Post hoc pairwise comparisons using Fisher's exact tests with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.0167) shows that the decompression treatment group (P2) has lower levels of mucosa erosion or ulceration (p = 0.37) and villous shortening (p = 0.628) compared to the intra-abdominal hypertension group (P1), but neither is statistically significant. Similarly, ordinal logistic regression shows that the decompression treatment group (P2) has no difference in levels of TNF alpha expression compared to the intra-abdominal hypertension group (P1) [OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.25–7.65, p = 0.716].Conclusion: There is no difference in ileal mucosa histopathological damage and TNF-alpha expression in intra-abdominal hypertension between non-decompression and decompression conditions.
Analysis of household waste cooking oil on MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α, IL-6 expression, and liver damage on Swiss Webster mice model Thadeus, Maria Selvester; Susantiningsih, Tiwuk; Zihono, Yudivaniel
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art10

Abstract

Background: Repeated heating degrades cooking oil quality, increasing peroxide values above national safety standards (SNI 01-3741-2002). Household waste cooking oil typically reaches 20-40 meq/kg, potentially triggering systemic oxidative stress and organ toxicity.Objectives: To analyze the mechanism of waste household oil as a trigger of oxidative damage leading to DNA oxidation.Methods: This prospective, controlled, true experimental in vivo time-course study initially allocated 32 male Swiss Webster mice into four parallel cohorts (n=8 per group), with 28 completing the final analysis (n=7 per group). The mice were orally treated with used cooking oil at a dosage of 10 μl/g body weight. The animals were distributed into four experimental cohorts. Group A (control) received fresh oil (peroxide value 8-10 meq/kg) for eight weeks, while Groups B, C, and D received waste oil (peroxide value 20-40 meq/kg) for 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively. Following the treatment, assays evaluated serum MDA and SOD, hepatic 8-OHdG via HPLC, TNF-α and IL-6 expression via IHC, and liver histopathology (congestion, steatosis, and necrosis) via H&E staining. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney post-hoc tests.Results: Used cooking oil administered over a 16-week period led to an increase of harmful effects. These included oxidative stress, primarily through lipid membrane peroxidation, evidenced by significant increases in both serum MDA and activated SOD p<0.05. The oil also induced chronic inflammation, marked by elevated expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the cytoplasm and sinusoids. Furthermore, it resulted in severe liver structure changes (including congestion, steatosis, and necrosis) and a time-dependent upward trend in 8-OHdG, reaching statistical significance at 16 weeks compared to controls (p<0.05).Conclusion: These findings suggest that prolonged consumption of household used cooking oil promotes progressive hepatic lipid peroxidation and structural damage, with oxidative DNA damage accumulating significantly after extended exposure (16 weeks).
Dose-dependent effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on serum osteocalcin levels in an ovariectomized rat model of menopause Pati, Ferdinand Umbu; Dwijayasa, Pande Made; Nooryanto, Mukhamad; Wiyono, Teguh
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art4

Abstract

Background: Menopause decreases estrogen, leading to symptoms and osteoporosis risk. Hormone replacement therapy has side effects, prompting safer alternatives such as phytoestrogens. Moringa oleifera leaves, rich in estrogen-like flavonoids, may improve bone health.Objectives: To investigate the dose-dependent effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on serum osteocalcin levels in ovariectomized rats as a menopausal model.Methods: A 96% ethanol extract of Moringa leaf powder was obtained via repeated maceration, concentrated using a rotary evaporator, and administered orally by gavage. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, and three treatment groups receiving 100, 200, or 400 mg/kgBW/day of extract for two months post-ovariectomy. Serum osteocalcin was measured by ELISA.Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant overall differences among groups (p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis showed that the 400 mg/kgBW group had significantly higher osteocalcin levels compared to the positive control (p < 0.001) and the 100 mg/kgBW group (p = 0.015), while the 100 mg/kgBW group did not differ significantly from the positive control (p = 1.000). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between dosage and osteocalcin levels (r = 0.630; p = 0.001), indicating a dose-dependent relationship.Conclusion: Moringa oleifera leaf extract increased serum osteocalcin levels in ovariectomized Wistar rats, with the highest dose producing the most pronounced effect. However, the lack of a consistent dose-response pattern suggests a non-linear relationship, warranting further studies with larger sample sizes and mechanistic markers to determine the optimal dose and confirm the underlying mechanisms.
Bioactivity of chloroform extract of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. leaves against parasitemia of Plasmodium berghei in vivo Ihtiaringtyas, Suci; Sari, Octavia Permata; Amalia, Ary Nahdiyani; Firinda, Rizma Haidif
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art5

Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a major global health concern, especially in developing nations. The growing resistance to conventional antimalarials underscores the need for plant-derived alternatives with antiplasmodial activity. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. has been traditionally used for various ailments and contains several bioactive compounds, yet systematic in vivo studies on its antimalarial activity are limited. This study evaluated the in vivo effect of the chloroform extract of F. vulgare Mill. leaves on parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.Objectives: To assess the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the chloroform extract of F. vulgare Mill. leaves against P. berghei infection in mice.Methods: An in vivo experimental study with a post-test only control group design was conducted using male mice randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The treatment groups received oral chloroform extracts at doses of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW for four consecutive days. Phytochemical screening identified terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids in the extract. Parasitemia was determined daily by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT), with p < 0.05 considered significant.Results: The chloroform extract contained terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids and suppressed parasitemia in P. berghei-infected mice. The highest inhibition was observed at 800 mg/kg BW (85.7%) on Day IV post-infection, followed by 100 mg/kg BW (68.9%), both significantly different from the infected control group (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The chloroform extract of F. vulgare Mill. leaves showed the greatest in vivo antiplasmodial activity at 800 mg/kg BW, supporting further studies on toxicity, active compound isolation, and mechanisms of action.
Herbal medicine consumption patterns among pregnant women: An analytical study at a Primary Health Care Center in Yogyakarta Husna, Adlina Karimina Nurul; Haryadi, Dwi
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art6

Abstract

Background: Herbal medicines have long been used by pregnant women in Indonesia. However, concerns regarding their safety, standardization, and regulation remain. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze herbal medicine consumption patterns among pregnant women and examine their association with maternal age and reported side effects.Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 105 women who had been pregnant within the previous 1-2 years and reported using herbal medicine at Tempel I Primary Health Care Center, Sleman. Data were collected using a structured questionnaires covering maternal characteristics, herbal medicine consumption patterns (frequency, dose, and duration), and reported side effects. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the associations between maternal age and herbal medicine consumption patterns and reported side effects.Results: Most respondents were aged 20–35 years (76.2%), had completed senior high school (59.0%), and practiced exclusive breastfeeding (89.5%). The most commonly consumed herbal products were jamu (46.0%), followed by health supplements (36.0%), standardized herbal medicines (16.0%), and phytopharmaceuticals (2.0%). Overall, 53.3% of respondents were classified as having a high herbal medicine consumption pattern, while 46.7% had a low consumption pattern. Most respondents reported no side effects (63.8%), whereas mild and moderate side effects were reported by 26.7% and 9.5% of respondents, respectively. Maternal age was significantly associated with herbal medicine consumption patterns (p = 0.014). However, no statistically significant association was observed between herbal medicine consumption patterns and reported side effects (p = 0.068).Conclusion: Maternal age was significantly associated with herbal medicine consumption patterns among women who had been pregnant within the previous 1-2 years. However, no statistically significant association was observed with reported side effects. These findings highlight the importance of providing appropriate education on the safe use of herbal medicines during pregnancy.
Correlation between ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin susceptibility in beta-lactam- and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from UTI patients in Yogyakarta Aman, Abu Tholib; Nuryastuti, Titik; Rizmattu, Kezhiki Diaz Martha; Riyelly, Zelfia; Mahanani, Nabeilla Shouma; Putri, Natasya Salsabila; Kuncorojati, R. Alif; Aman, Alia Hanifa; Mawarti, Yuli
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art7

Abstract

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a major cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). The emerging resistance of E. coli against beta-lactams and or carbapenem lead to the increased use of fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin) in clinical practice. Data of E. coli susceptibility, particularly regarding the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) expression and carbapenem or fluoroquinolone resistance can be important for clinical treatment.Objectives: This study aimed to describe the susceptibility profile of ESBL producing E. coli isolates, as well as their resistance against carbapenem and fluoroquinolone. In addition, the use of ciprofloxacin in predicting levofloxacin against the E. coli isolates was analyzed.Methods: A retrospective analytic study was conducted on 135 laboratory records of E. coli isolated from urine culture of adult patients at FMPHN UGM (2007-2022). Proportion of ESBL phenotype, as well as carbapenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance were calculated and augmented by kappa score and plots matrix analysis.Results: The ESBL producer E. coli as well as their resistances to carbapenem and ciprofloxacin were observed in 71(53.78%) of the 132 isolates, 23(17.04%), and 82(60.74%) of the 135 isolates respectively. Among 108 E. coli isolates which tested against both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, phenotypic ESBL resistances to carbapenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were identified in 56(52.33%), 21(19.44%), 80(74.07%), and 60(55.55%) respectively. The kappa score (κ=0.6222) and plots matrix showed the moderate agreement of ciprofloxacin to predict levofloxacin susceptibility against E. coli isolates.Conclusion: The E. coli resistances against beta-lactams, carbapenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were alarming. In addition, both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin are needed to be regularly tested because ciprofloxacin susceptibility results cannot accurately predict levofloxacin susceptibility.
Institutional pressure, organizational engagement, and sustainability behavior in public hospitals Rahman, Ferry Fadzlul; Thipwong, Phanee; Sulistiawan, Jovi
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art8

Abstract

Background: Sustainability has become a key priority in healthcare due to environmental impacts and increasing regulatory and stakeholder expectations. Public hospitals face institutional pressure to implement sustainability practices, yet the mechanisms translating these pressures into employee sustainability behavior remain unclear. Understanding organizational and individual processes is essential to improve sustainability implementation. Objectives: This study aims to examine the influence of institutional and stakeholder pressure on sustainability behavior and to evaluate the mediating roles of organizational engagement and individual mechanisms in a public hospital.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 163 employees at RSUD Inche Abdoel Moeis Samarinda, Indonesia, using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with bootstrapping to test direct and mediation effects.Results: Institutional and stakeholder pressure significantly influences sustainability behavior (β = 0.238, p < 0.001) and organizational engagement (β = 0.612, p < 0.001). Organizational engagement significantly increases personal involvement (β = 0.684, p < 0.001) and employee awareness (β = 0.641, p < 0.001), while coping capacity positively affects sustainability behavior (β = 0.291, p < 0.001). Organizational engagement (β = 0.178, p < 0.001) and individual mechanisms (β = 0.221, p < 0.001) significantly mediates the relationship. The model explaines 71.7% of the variance in sustainability behavior.Conclusion: Sustainability behavior in public hospitals is run by institutional pressure and strengthened by organizational engagement and employee readiness. Effective sustainability implementation requires translating external pressure into internal organizational commitment and employee-level capability. These findings suggest that hospital managers and policymakers should strengthen organizational engagement, employee awareness, and capacity-building initiatives to foster sustainable practices in daily hospital operations.
Profile of carbapenemase genes among sepsis patients at a tertiary hospital in Indonesia Fadrian, Fadrian; Linosefa, Linosefa; Ahmad, Armen; Ulvyana, Vyora; Putri, Vidola Yasena; Fasril, Thira
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art9

Abstract

Background: Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria represent a major clinical challenge in patients with sepsis. Recent data indicate that the increasing global prevalence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria poses an urgent threat to public health. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the distribution of carbapenemase genes among sepsis patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 211 specimens obtained from sepsis patients over a nine-month period of hospitalization at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital. Specimens consisted of blood, respiratory, pus, and urine specimens. Detection of carbapenemase genes including blaKPC, blaOXA, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaGES was performed using real-time PCR. Data were analyzed descriptively and the Chi-square test was used with IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Results: Among the sepsis patients included in the study, 211 specimens were analyzed; most patients were aged over 60 years (53.1%) and were predominantly male (57.3%). The most frequent sources of infection were CAP (52.1%) and HAP (33.2%). Positive bacterial cultures were found in 58.8% of patients, with Klebsiella pneumoniae (39.8%) and Escherichia coli (7.6%) being the most prevalent isolates. The distribution of carbapenemase genes was dominated by the blaOXA gene (33.6%) and the blaNDM gene (22.3%), while blaGES (4.7%), blaVIM (4.3%), and blaIMP (0.9%) were identified in only a limited number of isolates. The mean SOFA score was 5.75 ± 3.16, and the overall mortality rate was 66.4%. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the presence of the carbapenemase gene and mortality (OR 0.683; 95% CI=0.384–1.216; p=0.195). Isolates carrying carbapenemase genes were significantly associated with carbapenem resistance (OR=11.15; 95% CI: 5.28–23.55; p<0.05).Conclusion: In this study, blaOXA and blaNDM were the predominant genes, while blaVIM, blaGES, and blaIMP were detected in a limited number of isolates.

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