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Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
ISSN : 20863373     EISSN : 2620987X     DOI : 10.22219
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Farmasains publishes articles that cover textual and fieldwork studies with various perspectives of pharmacy science including: Pharmaceutical Technology Pharmaceutical Chemistry Biology Pharmacy and Natural Products Pharmacology and Toxicology Clinical Pharmacy Community Pharmacy Pharmacoepidemiology Pharmacogenomic and Pharmacogenetic Pharmacoeconomic Health-related topics
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 182 Documents
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Stability in Artificial Intestinal Fluid of Mangosteen Peel Extract Nanoencapsulation Cross-Linking Chitosan With Sodium Tripolyphosphate Andri Kusmayadi; Richa Mardianingrum; Yanti, Yanti
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44031

Abstract

The ratio of the protective walls has a major effect on the stability of the resulting nanocapsules. The purpose of the study is to investigate the formulation and characterization of mangosteen peel extract nanoencapsulation (MPEN) utilizing chitosan cross-linked with STPP in various ratios to stability in artificial intestinal fluid (AIF). Mangosteen peel was extracted using ethanol and maceration method. The ionic gelation process was used to synthesize MPEN. Mangosteen peel extract (MPE), chitosan solution, and STPP were combined to generate MPEN. Chitosan and STPP have the following ratios: 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1. The mechanism of the ionic gelation interaction between chitosan and STPP occurs through gel formation via ionic bonds between the positive charge of chitosan and the negative charge of STPP. The results showed that the ratio of chitosan:STPP had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the stability of nanocapsules. The use of chitosan:STPP ratio at levels 1:1 to 4:1 (T1 - T4) was able to increase the stability value to 90.309% - 90.765%. While the ratio of 5:1 produced the lowest stability value of only 89.990%. The chitosan:STPP ratio at a balanced level of 1:1 is recommended as the optimal ratio to increase the stability values.
The Characterization of Nanoemulsion Gel of Tobacco Leaves Extracts in Variation of Tween 80 and Sorbitol as Surfactant and Cosurfactant Kori Yati; Gozan, Misri; Jufri, Mahdi; Wahid, Mardiastuti
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44053

Abstract

Research showed the potential of tobacco (Nicotiana tobacco) leaves as an antifungal. The tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tobacco) have been studied to have antifungal activity. To facilitate the use of the extract, the tobacco leaf extract was formulated into a nanoemulsion gel using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as an oil phase and Tween 80: sorbitol as a surfactant and co-surfactant.  Tobacco leaves were soaked in ethanol using the maceration method, and then the liquid was taken out with a rotavapor machine. After that, the mixture was heated in a water bath (t = 85ºC) to make it thicker. Tobacco extract was identified and formulated in a nanoemulsion gel. Nanoemulsion gel was made into 3 formulas with different concentrations of Tween 80 and sorbitol. Nanoemulsion gel was evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, cycling test, surface tension, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and particle size. Result of evaluation of best formula showed pH 4.52, viscosity 365-573 mPa.s, surface tension 28450±0.21 N/m, morphology spherical shape, particle size 55.1±1.3 nm, polydispersity index 0.236±0.003, and zeta potential -5.16±0.35 mV (n=3). Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the most stable formula of tobacco leaves nanoemulsion was formula R1, with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) at 6% and a surfactant-to-cosurfactant ratio of 20%:10%. Statistical analysis results for all evaluations showed that all formulas have significant differences (p ≤ 0.05).
Efficacy of Akway (Drymis sp.) Bark Extract in Restoring Hemoglobin Levels: A Preclinical Study in a Sodium Nitrite-Induced Anemia Mice Model Lukman Hardia; Fabanyo, Syahrul H.; Budiyanto, Angga Bayu; Muslihin, A. M.; Rossardy, Marzella Dea; Irwandi, Irwandi; Watora, Wahyuni
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44062

Abstract

The high prevalence of anemia prompted us to explore the potential of local herbs in Papua, Indonesia, which is known for its rich natural resources. In this study, we aim to conduct preclinical tests on anemia model test animals to validate the effectiveness of akway bark extract (ABE) as the basis for the development of effective and safe herbal antianemia drugs in the future. This study employs a quantitative analytical approach, utilizing an experimental design with a pre-posttest with a control group design. The research sample used 20 mice test animals, divided into 5 groups consisting of 4 animals each, namely: the control group (positive and negative), and the intervention group using ABE doses of 10, 30, and 50mg/kg. This study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of STIFAR Makassar (Number: 299/EC.1.1.B/III/KEPK/2024). Data analysis showed that a 14-day intervention using ABE was able to increase Hb levels (D% = 52.00±27.13 [ABE dose 10mg/kg]; 49.72±7.86 [ABE dose 50mg/kg] and 42.82±12.75 [ABE dose 30mg/kg]) significantly (p<0.05) when compared with the negative control (D% = 4.54±5.14), but when compared with the positive control (D% = 52.57±10.85) the average increase in Hb levels was not significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, our study showed that mice of the anemia model, intervened using ABE at doses of 10, 30, and 50mg/kg once daily for 14 days, experienced increased Hb levels.
Enhancing Photoprotective Performance of Sunscreen Lip Tint Through Factorial Design Optimization of Naringenin and Titanium Dioxide Eryani, Mikhania Christiningtyas; Azizah, Fatiya; Ameliana, Lidya; Sari, Lusia; Ryad Alati
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44130

Abstract

The sun emits various types of radiation, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can damage skin structure, triggering premature aging, irritation, sunburn, and pigmentation disorders. Naringenin and titanium dioxide are known to have protective effects against UV radiation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of naringenin and titanium dioxide concentrations and their interactions on the physical quality and in vitro sunscreen efficacy of lip tint formulations, and to determine the optimal formulation using Design-Expert software. This study is the first to optimize lip tint sunscreen using factorial design with naringenin and TiO₂.The results showed that the optimal formulation achieved an SPF of 38.23, %TE of 0.0562, and viscosity of 16,166 mPas at 2.1% naringenin and 10% titanium dioxide. Furthermore, higher concentrations of both active ingredients increased the SPF value and decreased the %TE and %TP values. Statistical analysis using a one-sample T-test showed no significant difference between the predicted and experimental results (p > 0.05), confirming the validity of the optimization model.
The Role of Pharmacy Personnel in Ensuring Appropriate Diarrhea Self-Medication in an Agro-Coastal Community in Jember, Indonesia Wardhani, Firdha Aprillia; Nur Sepdianto, Bagas; Rachmawati, Ema; Pontanar, Mae Quenie; Afifah Machlaurin
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44285

Abstract

Background: Self-medication for diarrhea is a common self-care practice because diarrhea is often perceived as a mild, self-limiting condition. However, its high prevalence in Indonesia, particularly in Jember Regency, raises concerns about inappropriate medicine selection and use, including the unsupervised use of prescription-only drugs such as loperamide and antibiotics. Pharmacists and pharmacy personnel play a key role in promoting safe and rational self-medication. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 pharmacies in Agro-Coastal Jember from August 2025 to January 2026. Using purposive sampling, 200 eligible respondents were recruited. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis and Chi-square analysis with the contingency coefficient test to assess the significance and strength of the relationship between variables. Result: Most respondents were female (67%), aged 26–35 years (46.5%), had a senior high school education (71%), and had a monthly income of < IDR 2,500,000 (86%). Loperamide was the most frequently used medication (46.36%), and more than half of the medications used were prescription-only (53.18%). The appropriateness of diarrhea self-medication remained low for both medicine selection (46.8% appropriate) and medicine use (28.2% appropriate). A significant association was found between the role of pharmacists/pharmaceutical staff and the appropriateness of diarrhea self-medication (p < 0.05), although the strength of the relationship was weak (r = 0.233 and r = 0.184). Conclusion: In conclusion, diarrhea self-medication in the Agro-Coastal Jember community was still dominated by inappropriate medication practices. Strengthening pharmacy-based counseling in community pharmacy and service quality is essential to improve the safety and rational use of medicines in diarrhea self-medication.
Melastoma malabathricum L.: A Review of its Antioxidant Properties and Chemical Profiles Vega, Nadia; Amin, Azizah; Anami Riastri
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44386

Abstract

Melastoma malabathricum L. (MM) exhibits antioxidant potential, reducing oxidative stress caused by free radicals, as demonstrated by various research methods, including phytochemical, in vitro, and in vivo tests. This study aims to compile a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of MM, as well as its mechanism of action in suppressing oxidative stress. The research method employed a review, with searches conducted in databases such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed. The articles were then systematically selected according to PRISMA guidelines. The screening criteria included full-text articles published in English between 2016 and 2025, focusing on original Research relevant to the antioxidant properties of MM. MM shows potential as a natural antioxidant, with the most bioactive compounds being flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol. In vivo tests showed increases in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, accompanied by decreases in oxidative stress biomarkers such as MDA, and modulation of key molecular pathways involving nitric oxide (NO). These results support the potential of MM in preventing oxidative stress associated with degenerative diseases.
Probable Neonatal Sepsis : A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study In Indonesia Nurul Damayanti; Lendy Nugroho; Monique Noorvitrry; Nursela Hijriani; Irsan Fahmi A
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44124

Abstract

Background: Neonates have an immature immune system, making them highly susceptible to infections that can rapidly progress to sepsis and death if not promptly treated. Empiric antibiotics play a critical role in the initial management of neonatal sepsis. However, there is limited local evidence regarding the evaluation of empiric antibiotic therapy in probable neonatal sepsis; 2) Methods: an analytic cross-sectional design collected retrospectively from medical record data from July 2023 to December 2024; 3) Results: A total of 30 neonates with probable sepsis met the inclusion criteria. Most cases were classified as early-onset sepsis (86.67%). Sepsis was more frequently observed in neonates with normal birth weight (53.3%), term gestational age, and those delivered by cesarean section (60.0%). No significant association was found between maternal age, gestational age, or method of delivery and sepsis classification. However, birth weight was significantly associated with sepsis classification (p < 0.05). The most commonly used empiric antibiotic regimen was ampicillin–sulbactam combined with gentamicin (60.6%). No significant association was found between empiric antibiotic use and clinical outcomes (p = 0.76; OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 0.09–27.36) or length of hospital stay (p = 0.71; OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 0.22–9.38) 4) Conclusions: Penicillin–aminoglycoside was the most commonly used empiric regimen and was generally appropriate based on the Gyssens criteria. However, no significant association was found between empiric antibiotic use and clinical outcomes.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking of Dual Inhibitors of Plasmodium Falciparum Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase Achsendo Yuniarta, Tegar; Arief, Imtiyaz Izdihar; Syabihah, Haura; Fakih, Taufik Muhammad
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44203

Abstract

Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, which remains a global problem including in Indonesia. One of the main types of parasites that cause malaria is Plasmodium falciparum which currently shows a tendency to be resistant to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). This highlights the need to discover of more effective new drugs. This study aims to discover new drug candidates capable of overcoming ACT resistance using a computational approach. The methods used include structure-based pharmacophore modeling using the Pharmit webserver, virtual screening using the ChemDiv database, molecule docking using AutoDock Vina, and evaluation of ADME parameters using the SwissADME webserver. The molecular target used was the prolyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme (PDB ID: 4YDQ) with halofuginone as the reference compound. The pharmacophore screening successfully identified 312 hit compounds. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina showed that 164 compounds had better binding affinity than halofuginone. Evaluation of ADME parameters showed that 11 compounds met the pharmacokinetic and toxicity criteria. Among them, ChemDiv-1481-0030 compound showed a binding affinity value of -10.6 kcal/mol with an 80% similarity in residue interactions compared to halofuginone. These results show that ChemDiv-1481-0030 has potential as an antimalarial drug candidate that works through the mechanism of inhibiting the PfPRS enzyme.
Quality of Life of Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Anutapura Hospital Diana, Khusnul; Azizah, Vina Miftahul; Hardani, Muhammad Fakhrul; Tandah, Muhamad Rinaldhi
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44208

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that may reduce health-related quality of life (HRQoL) because of long-term treatment complications. This study assessed HRQoL among T2DM outpatients at Anutapura Hospital and examined whether the overall HRQoL profile differed by medication group after adjustment for selected patient characteristics. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Anutapura Hospital, Palu, Indonesia, from October to December 2024. Using non-probability sampling, 92 adults with T2DM were enrolled and classified into three medication groups: monotherapy oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), combined OADs, and insulin. HRQoL was measured using the Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire-Revised (DQLCTQ-R), which includes eight domains scored on a 0–100 scale, with higher scores indicating better HRQoL. Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.82). Because several domains did not meet normality assumptions, the overall HRQoL profile was analyzed using PERMANOVA. Most respondents were female, aged 41–60 years, and had diabetes duration of less than 5 years. Across medication groups, Physical Function showed the highest scores, whereas Treatment Satisfaction tended to be the lowest. In the adjusted PERMANOVA model, medication group was not significantly associated with the overall HRQoL profile (F = 0.81, p = 0.521, R² = 0.014). In contrast, age (p = 0.016), occupation (p = 0.008), and duration of illness (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the combined HRQoL profile. These findings suggest that HRQoL differences were more strongly related to patient characteristics than to medication group alone.
Comparison of Thin Layer Hydration and Dispersion Method of Transfersome Formulation Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Glutathione as Antioxidant Dian Ermawati; Adhyatmika; Yuniarti, Nunung; Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman
Farmasains : Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/farmasains.v11i1.44450

Abstract

Glutathione is a tripeptide (L-ᵞ-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine) that serves as an antioxidant in the body and can be coupled with hyaluronic acid for anti-aging purposes. Glutathione, being hydrophilic, encounters challenges in penetrating the stratum corneum barrier to access the deeper epidermal layers; thus, a transfersome delivery mechanism is requisite. This study aimed to examine the synthesis of transfersome containing glutathione and hyaluronic acid using the thin layer hydration method and the dispersion method. The characteristics measured included organoleptic properties, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency, and antioxidant activity assessed via the DPPH method. Particle size and PDI were found to be 124.5 ± 14.11 nm, 0.367± 0.07 for thin layer hydration method and 583.03 ± 32.41 nm, 0.595 ± 0.03 for dispersion method respectively. Entrapment efficiency showed that the thin layer hydration method was greater at 35.65% ± 3.54 compared to the dispersion method at 19.10 % ± 1.13. Antioxidant activity showed the inhibition in thin layer hydration and dispersion method was 42.48% ± 0.84 and 41.23% ± 2.09 respectively. In conclusion, the thin layer hydration method gives more optimal results than the dispersion method.

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