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Majalah Obat Tradisional
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14105918     EISSN : 24069086     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
raditional Medicine Journal (Majalah Obat Tradisional), or Trad. Med. J. (ISSN 1410-5918 (print) and ISSN 2406-9086 (online)), is an international scientific journal published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, three times annually. Collaborating with Indonesian Pharmacist Association, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, and we dedicate our journal to researches and development in traditional medicine. The journal receives papers on research laboratory, field research, and case studies of traditional medicine and its constituent, covering research topics including raw materials, cultivation, phytochemical, pharmacological effects and toxicology, formulation, and biotechnology.
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Articles 579 Documents
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Wound-Healing Effects of Centella asiatica Cream on Fibroblast and TGF-β1 Expression Chen, Meriana; Widowati, Wahyu; Ratnawati, Hana
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.101548

Abstract

Burn injuries represent a major public health concern worldwide, with a disproportionately high burden observed in developing nations. The healing of second-degree burns engages a series of intricate cellular and molecular processes, with Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) playing a crucial role, and fibroblasts stimulate connective tissue formation and assist in re-epithelialization. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) has been widely recognized in traditional medicine due to its properties that support wound healing and reduce inflammation. This research aims to evaluate the potential of Pegagan extract cream in modulating TGF-β1 expression and increasing fibroblast density in mice with second-degree burn injuries. Twenty-eight male DDY mice were divided into seven groups, including controls, a comparative group treated with silver sulfadiazine, and treatment groups receiving Pegagan cream at three different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%). Histological evaluation for assessing fibroblast density was performed using Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to measure TGF-β1 expression. The results demonstrated that Pegagan cream at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% significantly increased TGF-β1 expression and fibroblast density in burned mice compared to the positive control group. The highest concentration (5%) produced the most pronounced effect, indicating a concentration-dependent response. Cream containing Pegagan promotes wound healing by increasing fibroblast density and TGF-β1 expression.
The Promising Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Fabaceae Flowers Nurrohmat, Esa Agung; Hastuti, Agustina Ari Murti Budi; Purwanto, Purwanto
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.102597

Abstract

Oxidative stress caused by free radicals is a key contributor to the development of chronic diseases. As a natural defense strategy, the identification of plant-based free radical scavengers has become increasingly important. This study investigates the antioxidant potential of selected flowers from the Fabaceae family, plants which common in Indonesia and contain phenolic, one of the chemicals with antioxidant properties. The objective of this study is to ascertain the total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of ethanol extracts of a number of Fabaceae flowers that are frequently found in the neighborhood, including Arachis pintoi, Crotalaria retusa L., Crotalaria pallida Aiton, and Sesbania grandiflora L. All samples were extracted with 70% ethanol, which was subsequently analyzed for total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH reagents. As the results, the highest total phenolic content was 62.962 + 0.679 mg GAE/g sample (A. pintoi), while the lowest one was 23.986 ± 0.613 mg GAE/g sample (S. grandiflora L.). In line with the total phenolic compound, the activities of the highest free radical scavenging which is indicated by IC50 of those plants is 68.570 ± 1.476 µg/mL (A. pintoi), and the lowest value is 203.371 ± 4.706 µg/mL (S. grandiflora L.). These findings indicate that among the tested Fabaceae flowers, A. pintoi exhibits the strongest antioxidant potential, likely due to its high total phenolic content. This highlights its promise as a natural source of free radical scavengers and supports further exploration for potential therapeutic applications.
Anticancer Synergy of Myricetin and Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer: Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Evaluation Mutiah, Roihatul; Ma'arif, Burhan; Inayah, Indah Rahmatul; Fitrianingsih, Avin Ainur
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.103080

Abstract

Breast cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, leading to an urgent need for the development of new strategies to improve treatment efficacy and manage drug resistance. Doxorubicin is among the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs and has the disadvantage of being easy resistance and toxicity, which causes limited efficiency. A potentially effective strategy is combining doxorubicin with natural compounds possessing anticancer activity and the ability to modulate drug resistance pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential of combining myricetin and doxorubicin as an effective and safe anticancer treatment. A network pharmacology method was used to examine how the two compounds interact at the molecular level, including the target genes, signaling pathways, and possible synergistic effect. Additionally, laboratory (in vitro) tests were performed using MTT assay to evaluate the toxicity of the compounds to both T47D breast cancer and normal Vero cells. Several key parameters, including IC50 values of each compound, as well as the combination index and selectivity index (SI), were analyzed to evaluate the safety against normal cells. The results showed that the combination of myricetin and doxorubicin targeted 19 interconnected genes triggering apoptosis often associated with cancer treatment. Laboratory tests (in vitro) found that myricetin and doxorubicin had moderate anticancer or cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values of 31.936 µg/mL and 27.39 µg/mL, respectively. The combination at concentrations of 7.984 µg/mL myricetin + 3.424 µg/mL doxorubicin, 15.986 µg/mL myricetin + 3.424 µg/mL doxorubicin, and 31.936 µg/mL myricetin + 3.424 µg/mL doxorubicin had a powerful synergistic effect as well as high viability in Vero cells with a value of 168.756 µg/mL. Based on the determined combination concentrations and IC50 values of the compounds, myricetin, and doxorubicin showed potential synergistic activity against breast cancer cells. Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of novel strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and combat drug resistance. Doxorubicin, a common chemotherapeutic drug, has limitations owing to its resistance and toxicity. This study investigated the potential of combining myricetin, a natural compound, with doxorubicin to address these issues. Employing a network pharmacology approach, we first explored the molecular interactions between myricetin and doxorubicin and identified target genes, signaling pathways, and potential synergistic effects. Concurrently, in vitro experiments using the MTT assay assessed the toxicity of the compounds in T47D breast cancer cells and normal Vero cells. The key parameters analyzed included the IC50 values, combination index, and selectivity index to evaluate safety. Our findings revealed that the combination of myricetin and doxorubicin targeted 19 interconnected genes that are frequently associated with apoptosis during cancer treatment. In vitro tests showed that both myricetin and doxorubicin exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values of 31.936 µg/mL and 27.39 µg/mL, respectively. Specific combinations (e.g., 7.984 µg/mL myricetin + 3.424 µg/mL doxorubicin) demonstrated a powerful synergistic effect against breast cancer cells, while maintaining high viability in normal Vero cells (168.756 µg/mL). These results suggested that the combination of myricetin and doxorubicin offers a promising synergistic approach for breast cancer treatment.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Vegetable Spices Fermentation Extracts in NAFLD Kinasih, Larasati Sekar; Rachmawati, Ermin; Fahdela, Ahdika Nungki; Akbar, Iqbal Maulana; Syauki, Moh. Faris; Suharti, Suharti
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.104030

Abstract

Currently, the prevention strategy for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has several limitations. Fermentation prolongs the shelf life of food products and enhances the bioavailability of bioactive compounds, essential vitamins, and minerals, thereby improving their nutritional efficacy. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and the effects of Vegetable Spices Fermentation Extract (VSFE) on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activating Receptor (PPAR-γ) and Interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression in a NAFLD rabbit model. Using a posttest-only control group design, 24 rabbits were divided into four groups: standard diet group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, treatment group 1 (HFD+VSFE 100 mg/kg BW), and treatment group 2 (HFD + VSFE 200 mg/kg BW). PPAR-γ and IL-6 mRNA expression were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The fermented extract had a higher phenolic content (519.95 ± 61.9 mg GAE/g) than the non-fermented extract (357.45 ± 58.66 mg GAE/g) (p<0.05). The expression of PPAR-γ and IL-6 significantly decreased in groups 1 and 2 compared with the control group. In conclusion, VSFE could act as a source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects to inhibit the establishment of NAFLD.
Detection of Quercitrin Compound of Scurrula atropurpurea using Chromatographic Method Arkham, Muhammad Nuzul; Santosa, Djoko; Fakhrudin, Nanang
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.105322

Abstract

Mistletoe (Scurrula atropurpurea) is a semi-parasitic plant whose growth depends on host plants. Mistletoe is often considered harmful; however, from a scientific perspective, it has potential as a source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological benefits. This study explores the secondary metabolites of S. atropurpurea growing on Lagerstroemia speciosa trees, with the aim of detecting and identifying quercitrin compounds through chromatography and evaluating their activity in scavenging DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals. Mistletoe samples were collected, washed, dried at 50°C, ground, and then extracted. The extract was partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate, the ethyl acetate fraction was then fractionated with Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) using n-hexane:ethyl acetate and 100% methanol as the mobile phase, yielding nine fractions. Preliminary analysis was performed by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) using n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2, 4:6) and n-hexane:ethyl acetate: formic acid (2:7.5:0.5) as mobile phases. Further identification was performed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile: trifluoroacetic acid + aquadest (10:90, 20:80, 25:75, 18:82). The fractions obtained were then tested for their activity in scavenging DPPH free radicals. TLC results showed that the extract and fractions H and I had an hRf value of 51.2, comparable to the quercitrin standard. HPLC analysis indicated retention times for fraction H (14.819 minutes) and fraction I (14.936 minutes) that were consistent with the standard. The UV spectra of both fractions displayed two characteristic quercitrin peaks at 254 nm and 348 nm. The DPPH assay showed IC₅₀ values of 20.37 µL/mL for fraction H and 22.54 µL/mL for fraction I, both of which are classified as very strong. The result of this study confirms the presence of quercitrin in S. atropurpurea and demonstrates the significant antioxidant potential of this compound.
Phytochemical Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Sea Cucumber Collagen Extracted by Maceration and Soxhletation Methods Salamah, Nina; Prasasti, Dian; Anwar, Muslih; Ramses, Ramses; Amelia, Fitrah; Ismarti, Ismarti
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.105457

Abstract

Free radicals exert numerous detrimental impacts, necessitating the presence of antioxidants to mitigate these adverse consequences. Previous studies have documented the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber from the Holothuroidea family. However, the impact of extraction techniques on the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber extracts has not been well-studied. Thus, this study aims to examine collagen extracts’ antioxidant activity through two distinct processes: Soxhlet extraction and maceration. The extracted samples were concentrated using the freeze-drying method, followed by a phytochemical analysis, functional group identification via FTIR, and an antioxidant activity assessment using the DPPH method. The antioxidant activity is quantified by the IC50 value. The phytochemical analysis showed that the sea cucumber extract had alkaloids, phenolics, and saponins. The FTIR results indicated that the sea cucumber extract contained a functional carbonyl amide group, akin to that of peptide compounds. The IC50 value of sea cucumber extract obtained from maceration (10.558 ± 0.033) was compared to Soxhlet extraction (19.107 ± 0.041) µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of sea cucumber extract obtained from maceration was superior to that derived from the Soxhlet method.
Molecular Analysis and Activities of Bioactive Compounds from Symbiont Bacteria Isolates Polycarpa aurata Herwin, Herwin; Alam, Gemini; Sartini, Sartini; Rahim, Abdul; Nurung, Ayyub Harly; Amirullah, Amirullah; Haq, Nasrul
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.105930

Abstract

Symbiont bacteria associated with Polycarpa aurata are known to produce secondary metabolites with diverse bioactive properties, including antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities. This study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of symbiotic bacterial isolates obtained from the white morphotype of P. aurata collected from Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar City, Indonesia. The agar diffusion method and ELISA reader assay were employed for antibacterial and antibiofilm analyses, respectively. Four pure isolates were obtained and designated AQ2-1, AL2-3, AL2-4, and AL2-5. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that isolate AQ2-1 corresponded to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain AB18. This isolate exhibited a pronounced inhibition zone against Bacillus subtilis, with an optimal incubation period of 68 h for secondary metabolite production. Chemical analysis of the bioactive compounds from isolate AQ2-1 identified adenine riboside and bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate as the major constituents. Adenine riboside exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, producing an inhibition zone of 12.2 mm against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, while bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate produced an inhibition zone of 10.8 mm against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990. In the antibiofilm assay, adenine riboside achieved the highest inhibition at 77.09% against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, whereas bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate inhibited Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 by 73.61%. These findings demonstrate that secondary metabolites produced by the AQ2-1 isolate of symbiont bacteria from P. aurata possess strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and may serve as promising candidates for future antimicrobial development.
The Effect of Solvent Polarity and Extraction Time on the Antioxidant of Aquilaria malaccensis Leaves Sumantri, Imam Bagus; Saragih, Awaluddin; Batubara, Ridwanti; Wahyuni, Henny Sri; Laila, Lia; Yuliasmi, Sri; Murni, Nelly; Baruna, Intan; Riati, Devi; Mustanti, Lolyta Fitri
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.106165

Abstract

Antioxidants have the capacity to donate electrons, thereby neutralizing free radicals responsible for oxidative damage linked to various disease. Aquilaria malaccensis possesses strong antioxidant potential and is a promising herbal source due to its polyphenolic compounds. However, antioxidant compounds such as polyphenols are unstable and require optimized extraction methods. This study aimed to examine the impact of solvent polarity and extraction time on the antioxidant properties of A. malaccensis leaves. The leaves were standardized, subjected to phytochemical screening, and extracted using ethanol:water mixtures with varying polarity ratios (96:0 to 0:100) at 60–70°C for 30 minutes. Extraction time was further varied from 30 to 120 minutes using water at 90–100°C. Each extract was assessed for its antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The results of phytochemical screening showed that the standardized leaves contained all secondary metabolite components. All extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity (IC50 values ranging from 14.82 to 84.57 µg/mL), TPC (60.75 to 280.15 mg GAE/g extract), and TFC (6.25 to 39.19 mg QE/ g extract). The highest antioxidant activity TPC, and TFC were obtained from extraction using ethanol: water (96:0) at 60-700C for 30 minutes. These findings suggest that solvent polarity and extraction time significantly influence the antioxidant capacity of A. malaccensis extracts.    
Antibacterial Activity of Myrmecodia pendens (Ant Nest Plant) against Multidrug Resistance Bacteria from Clinical Samples Prastiyanto, Muhammad Evy; Ernanto, Aditya Rahman; Darmawati, Sri; Maharani, Endang Tri Wahyuni; Mulyanto, Arif; Rukmana, Rizal Maarif; Putri, Wahyu Aristyaning; Kusmita, Lia; Sah, Shiv Kumar; Geleta, Daniel
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.110761

Abstract

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria causes a substantial barrier to treatment, demanding the development of new antibacterial medicines. Myrmecodia pendens (ant nest plant), an indigenous medicinal species, is esteemed for its potential medicinal properties. This study aimed to examine the antibacterial efficacy of M. pendens extracts against MDR bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) obtained from clinical samples. Extracts were prepared via maceration using ethanol, chloroform, and n-hexane solvents. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated using the agar diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. The ethanol solvent extract exhibited the most significant antibacterial activity, particularly against P. aeruginosa, with an inhibition zone of 23.15 ± 0.21 mm at 100 mg/mL. The MIC and MBC values were 3.13 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. The chloroform and n-hexane extracts showed lower, but comparable, inhibitory effects against the tested strains. These findings provide compelling evidence that M. pendens extracts, especially the ethanol extracts, represent a promising source for developing alternative antibacterial agents to combat MDR infections.

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