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Public Health of Indonesia
Published by Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia
ISSN : 24771570     EISSN : 24771570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Public Health of Indonesia is an International, peer-reviewed, and open access journal emphasizing on original research findings that are relevant for developing country perspectives including Indonesia. The journal considers publication of articles as original article, review article, short communication / brief reports, Education forum, letters to editor, case reports, etc. The journal covers population based studies, impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, systematic review, meta-analysis, clinic-social studies etc., related to any domain and discipline of public health, specially relevant to national priorities, including ethical and social issues. Articles aligned with national health issues and policy implications are preferred.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 339 Documents
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Strengthening the Role of Community Health Workers in High Stunting Prevalence Areas of Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study Bahar, Hartati; Effendy, Devi Savitri; Lestari, Hariati
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.983

Abstract

Background: The role of posyandu (integrated health post) cadres constitutes a critical pillar in accelerating stunting reduction efforts in Indonesia. Nevertheless, in practice, their contribution is often perceived as supplementary within primary healthcare services. Objective: This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the strengths of posyandu cadres in assuming an active role in stunting reduction efforts in the stunting locus area of Dapu-dapura Village. Methods: This qualitative study employed three data collection techniques: focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews, and direct observations. Two FGD sessions were conducted, and interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Informants included posyandu cadres, healthcare workers, mothers of stunted children, and local government representatives. A total of 16 participants aged 28 to 63 years were involved. Results: The findings indicate that elderly cadres (60+ years) possess greater experience and employ interpersonal approaches that are more readily accepted by the community than younger cadres. These senior cadres have effectively shifted maternal perceptions related to stunting stigma, particularly among those hesitant to attend posyandu. They serve as key intermediaries connecting healthcare workers responsible for program implementation with mothers as service users. Strategic efforts are needed to prepare younger cadres to gradually assume these roles as part of cadre regeneration. Conclusion: Posyandu cadres in Dapu-dapura Village play an essential intermediary role in stunting prevention; however, their performance is constrained by social stigma, limited maternal nutritional literacy, and geographic barriers. Strengthening competencies in management, measurement accuracy, and counseling is necessary to enhance their effectiveness in contributing to stunting reduction at the community level.
Non-adherence to medication, malaria relapse, and asymptomatic reservoirs in malaria transmission: A narrative review Sahiddin, Muhamad; Ishak, Hasanuddin; Arsin, Andi Arsunan; Mallongi, Anwar; Arsyad, Muhammad; Hamid, Firdaus
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.1032

Abstract

Background: Malaria elimination remains a pressing global health priority, yet progress is hindered by interconnected human-driven factors that sustain residual transmission. Objectives: This review aims to integrate and analyze key factors driving residual malaria transmission, particularly non-adherence to anti-malarial medication, relapse of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum infections, and the persistence of asymptomatic parasite reservoirs. Methods: A narrative review was conducted by synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed studies, including observational studies, clinical trials, and program evaluations. Relevant articles were identified through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Results: Demographic, behavioral, and health system factors were consistently associated with incomplete treatment, which in turn doubled relapse risk and extended the duration of gametocyte carriage. Biological factors, such as dormant hypnozoites and CYP2D6 polymorphisms that reduce primaquine metabolism, increased the likelihood of recurrent infections. Additionally, asymptomatic carriers disproportionately younger and mobile populations sustained transmission beyond the reach of routine surveillance. Unlike previous reviews that examined these factors separately, this review integrates them into a unified framework, emphasizing their synergistic effects on residual transmission and identifying leverage points for targeted interventions. Conclusion: Addressing residual malaria transmission requires coordinated strategies, including community-supervised or directly observed radical cure regimens, genotype-informed dosing strategies, molecular surveillance for asymptomatic infections, and culturally tailored adherence support. These interventions are essential to strengthen malaria elimination programs and advance progress toward national and global goals by 2030. Keywords: adherence medication; relapse; transmission; endemic; malaria
Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge and Behavior: A Scoping Review of Interventions Ahi, Gerraint Gillan; Rahman, Md Mizanur; Ramli, Rafazila; Safii, Rasitasam; Minoi, Jacey Lynn; Li, Stephanie Chua Hui; Shminan, Ahmad Sofian; Choi, Lee Jun
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.1070

Abstract

Background: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education requires accurate knowledge, understanding of risks, and supportive access to well-being. Objectives: This review aims to assess how knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) influences adolescent behaviour, identifying barriers, effective strategies, and communication methods. It evaluates interventions like school-based programs and online resources to empower informed decision-making among adolescents regarding SRH. Method: A systematic search from January 2013 yielded 14 articles, mostly quantitative studies involving adolescents aged 14-19. A narrative analysis identified two main themes: (i) Enhancing SRH knowledge, attitudes, and skills for positive outcomes and innovative intervention strategies. The findings were organized by Endnote 20. Results: The key findings of the review highlight the effectiveness of interventions in improving adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH). These interventions have shown success in enhancing adolescents’ understanding of SRH issues, fostering positive attitudes toward SRH topics, and building self-efficacy for safe sexual practices. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of innovative and targeted intervention strategies, such as technology-driven approaches, customized interventions, and the synergistic combination of multiple strategies, to effectively address the diverse needs for SRH of adolescents and promote positive outcomes for SRH. Conclusions: This review emphasizes the impact of SRH interventions on adolescent well-being, advocating for tailored gender-specific approaches, policy integration, and long-term efficacy evaluations for sustained positive outcomes.
Prediction Model for Infertility in Women of Reproductive-Age Couples (WRA) Zahrotul Fajrin Ramadhanti; Astuti, Rahayu; Wardani, Ratih Sari; Rejeki, Sri; Sayono
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.1106

Abstract

Background: Infertility has affected millions of people worldwide but remains a frequently overlooked issue. Infertility is common among reproductive-age couples. Approximately one in six people experience infertility, and failed pregnancies among married reproductive-age couples are attributed to female factors in 40% of cases. Objective: To identify the factors influencing infertility in women of reproductive-age couples (WRA). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by collecting medical record data and interviewing 192 women of reproductive age at a hospital from January to December 2023. The sampling techniques used were quota sampling and consecutive sampling. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used in this study to assess how risk variables affected infertility. Results: Women experiencing infertility had a higher proportion associated with age at menarche (p = 0.012), menstrual cycle (p = 0.010), nutritional status (p = 0.003), tubal disorders (p = 0.038), duration of marriage (p = 0.000), history of miscarriage (p = 0.016), history of surgery (p = 0.019), and coffee consumption (p = 0.043). The logistic regression equation is:Log (p / 1 – p) = -8.104 + 1.877 (age at menarche) + 1.598 (duration of marriage) + 1.192 (nutritional status) + 1.146 (history of miscarriage) + 0.805 (tubal disorders). Conclusion:Risk factors influencing infertility in women of reproductive age include age at menarche, nutritional status, tubal disorders, duration of marriage, and history of miscarriage. The most influential risk factor for infertility in reproductive-age women is age at menarche (p = 0.001) with an RR value of 6.535.  Keywords: Infertility; prediction model; infertility factors; reproductive-age women
Daily fatigue among patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study in Mosul city K. Mohialdeen, Ali; S. Thabit, Zahraa
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.1107

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common type of arthritis disability and bad quality of life. OA is the disease that occur in older people or even in middle age people that its severity increases with age. Also, it associated with many trigger factors as genetics, occupation, and obesity. Objectives: to identify the sociodemographic, physical, emotional, and disease-related factors that influence fatigue in people with symptomatic osteoarthritis, the authors conducted a study on the relationship between fatigue and symptomatic OA. Methods: a cross-sectional study design was archived to group of patients was suffering from osteoarthritis. The American College of Rheumatologists' criteria were used to diagnose 306 participants in this study who were 45 years of age or older. While a portion of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scale was utilized to evaluate the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, the fatigue ((Facit- Version 4) scale was employed to measure severity of fatigue among these patients. Results: the mean 50.04±8.23 females had a higher prevalence of 249 (81.4%), with odema showed 101 (33.0%) while the usually crepitus exhibited 143 (46.7%). The stiffness was illustrated higher percent in usually stiffness in 107 (35%) in other hand morning stiffness was showed moderate stiffness in 127 (41.5%) and rest stiffness was demonstrated sever rest stiffness in 131 (42.8%). The ability of the knee extension was exhibited high percent in all times 96 (31.4%), in some time the rarely ability of knee bending in 101 (30%). The daily frequency of pain was showed high value 129 (42.2%) whereas the moderate change life style was showed 131 (42.8%) and finally there is moderate knee difficulty in 154 (50.3%). all symptoms that included in this study as odema, crepitus, stiffness in rest, in morning and all-time stiffness, disability of knee extension and knee bending, difficulty of knee, and frequently of pain exhibited the significant difference with fatigue score with p value ≤0.001. The change lifestyle was demonstrated significant different with fatigue scale score in p value ≤0.001. Conclusion: Patients with symptomatic OA, including pain, crepitus, stiffness especially in morning, in rest, night stiffness, both inability of knee extension, and knee bending, odema and difficulties of knee, may exhibit more sever fatigue. while the change lifestyle may decrease the severity of fatigue.
Parental Acceptance and Its Associated Factors Towards COVID-19 Vaccination among Elementary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bali, Indonesia Swarjana, I Ketut; Darma Suyasa, I Gede Putu; Kusuma Negara, I Gusti Ngurah Made
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.1123

Abstract

Background: Efforts to control the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated deaths continue, one of which is providing COVID-19 vaccination not only to adolescents, adults, and older adults but also to elementary school children. However, parental approval for the vaccination of the children is needed for the government’s vaccination program to succeed. Objectives: This study sought to determine parental acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and related factors for primary school-aged children in Bali, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 420 respondents recruited through a multistage random sampling process. It collected data using a questionnaire shared through Google Forms. It analyzed the data using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate regression analyses. Results: Of the 420 respondents, 249 (59.3%) stated they accepted COVID-19 vaccination for elementary school students. Vaccine safety factors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 14.376, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.682–26.903, p < 0.001), place of residence (AOR: 0.430; 95% CI: 0.271–0.683, p < 0.001), and history of comorbidities (AOR: 0.402, 95% CI: 0.222–0.726, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with parents’ approval of COVID-19 vaccination for elementary school children. Conclusion: Parents must be educated about vaccine safety, especially those living in cities and whose children have a history of comorbidities, to improve parental approval of COVID-19 vaccination according to the government’s target.
Access to the Utilization of Triple Elimination Disease Screening Services for Pregnant Women in Rural Areas: A Lesson from Kintamani-Bali District Ni Ketut, Andayani; Seri Ani, LUH; Dinar Saurmauli, Lubis
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.1127

Abstract

Background: Kintamani District is a rural area in Bangli-Bali Regency the scope of the program to prevent the transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B (triple elimination) from mother to child has not reached the target. Accessibility factors can affect the implementation of triple elimination screening in pregnant women.  Objective: This study aims to analyze the access factors to the utilization of triple elimination screening services.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women in the Kintamani District area of Bali. A total of 169 pregnant women were involved in this study, selected by the multistage random sampling method. Pregnant women who live in the Kintamani sub-district, are pregnant with gestational age in the third trimester and are willing to participate as a sample.  Meanwhile, the exclusion criteria are set if the pregnant woman is sick when the data collection is carried out.  Data on the utilization of triple elimination screening services and accessibility aspects were collected by interview method using questionnaires. The data from the research results were analyzed univariate, multivariate, and multivariate. The logistic regression test was carried out to determine the relationship between the access factor and the utilization of triple elimination services.  Results: 33.7% of pregnant women used triple elimination screening services. Pregnant women who used triple elimination screening services were more common in mothers aged 20-35 years (65.4%), parity ≤2 (68.9%), higher education level (78.9%), working status (64.9%), high economic status (73.9%), distance from home to service places close (78.8%), good availability of Triple Elimination screening tools and materials (92.7%),  The affordability of the cost of the Triple Elimination screening service is good (78.1%), the suitability of the implementation of the Triple Elimination screening service is good (66.7%). Factors related to the use of triple elimination screening services are the distance between the home and the service place (aOR=5.4; 95%CI=2.3-17.1; p=0.000), the availability of good screening equipment and materials (aOR=22.2; 95%CI=5.0-98.4; p=0.000), the affordability of the cost of good triple elimination screening services (aOR=14.5; 95%CI= 3.6-57.9; p=0.000), and the suitability of the implementation of good triple elimination screening services (aOR=6.3; 95%CI= 1.3-29.9; p=0.020). Conclusion: The use of triple elimination screening services is related to the distance of the home, the availability of tools and materials, the affordability of service costs, and the suitability of service implementation. This research contributes to an increasing understanding of the relationship between access factors and the use of triple elimination services for pregnant women. To increase the coverage of triple-elimination services, this study suggests maximizing the role of health workers in promoting the importance of triple-elimination screening and providing services following the triple-elimination screening procedure for pregnant women. 
Reduction of Anxiety on Pregnant Women in the 3rd Trimester Through Use of Rosemary Aromatherapy Purba, Agnes; Christina Roos Etty; Julia Mahdalena; Henny Syapitri
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.1129

Abstract

Background: One of the psychological problems experienced by pregnant women is anxiety. Untreated anxiety will increase the risk of premature birth, miscarriage, cesarean section, and neonatal asphyxia. Aromatherapy as a traditional and natural therapy uses inhaled fragrances and uses plants. One of these aromatherapy is rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), with minimal side effects, can provide muscle relaxation, relieve anxiety, reduce stress, relax the mind and refresh. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of rosemary aromatherapy intervention given by inhalation on anxiety in pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: The design of this study was a one group pre and post-test design without control. Measurement of respondent anxiety was carried out before and after aromatherapy intervention using the PASS (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale). Rosemary aromatherapy was given by mixing 3 drops with 40 ml of water in a diffuser, given before sleep at night. The research sample was healthy third trimester pregnant women who had no history of diseases recorded at the Martine Midwife Clinic as the research location with a total of 53 people. Data analysis used a paired t-test. Results: There is a significant influence on the anxiety of pregnant women in the third trimester before and after using inhalation rosemary aromatherapy (p=0.000). Conclusions: Rosemary aromatherapy (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) can be recommended for use by pregnant women in the third trimester as an effort to overcome anxiety. Keywords: Anxiety; pregnant; rosemary aromatherapy
Can lack of physical activity cause kidney function problems? A Cross-Sectional Study in Kendari City Tasnim, Tasnim; Sugireng, Sugireng; Imran, Imran; Akib, Nur Illiyyin
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.1130

Abstract

Background: chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often undetected until reaching advanced stages, posing a serious public health concern. In Kendari City, Indonesia, lifestyle shifts and increased sedentary behaviour have raised concerns about rising CKD prevalence. Physical inactivity is suspected to be a modifiable risk factor, but local empirical data remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity levels and early kidney function decline, as indicated by urine protein concentration, among adults in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted from June to August 2023, involving 119 adults aged 17–75 years selected through purposive sampling across three urban sub-districts. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and categorized into low (<600 METs/week), moderate (600–2999), and high (≥3000). Kidney function was measured through morning urine protein dipstick tests and classified into normal, low, moderate, or severe proteinuria. Data were analysed using chi-square, linear regression, and multinomial logistic regression tests. Results: The average physical activity level was 1560.37 ± 1516.78 METs/week (moderate), and the mean urine protein level was 0.64 ± 1.08 g/L (low risk). A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between physical activity and urine protein levels (p < 0.001; β = -0.394). Participants with high physical activity had 100% normal proteinuria, while those with low activity had the highest rates of moderate (32.6%) and severe (30.4%) proteinuria. Multinomial regression indicated that individuals with high activity were 27 million times more likely to have normal protein levels compared to those with low activity (p < 0.001), suggesting a strong protective effect. Conclusion: Lower physical activity is significantly associated with increased risk of impaired kidney function in urban adults. Public health strategies should prioritize structured physical activity promotion and early screening to prevent CKD progression in Kendari City. Further research is needed to examine other contributing factors such as diet, hydration, and lifestyle behaviours.
The Effectiveness of Flashcards Media in Increasing Parents' Knowledge and Perceptions about The Reproductive Health of Elementary School-Age Children Kusumaningrum, Tanjung Anitasari Indah; Kusumawati , Yuli; Inayati , Nurul Latifatul; Umaroh, Ayu Khoirotul; Hidayat, Muhamad Taufik; Livia, Wardhatul; Syifa, Asy; Trijaya; Nabilla, Nur Jihan Luthfia; Nugroho, Purwo Setiyo
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): October - December
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i4.1135

Abstract

Background: Elementary school-age children need to get reproductive health information, but parents still have negative perceptions and a lack of knowledge about reproductive health in elementary school children. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using flash cards as educational media to improve parents' knowledge and perceptions of reproductive health education in elementary school-age children. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group design in June 2024. The participants in this research were parents of children in grades 1-3 at two elementary schools in Kartasura, with 32 people in the experimental group and 32 in the control group. Statistical analysis used a paired t-test for knowledge, and a Wilcoxon signed rank test for perception. The effectiveness of flashcards on parents' knowledge was tested with an independent t-test, and perception was tested with the Mann-Whitney U test.  The significance level was 5%. Results: The result was an increase in the mean score of knowledge (p-value<0.001) and perception (p-value=0.023) in the intervention group. The mean score did not increase in the control group on these variables. The intervention and control groups differed in parents’ average knowledge (p-value=0.0496) and perception (p-value=0.0036) regarding reproductive health. Conclusions: Flashcards effectively improved parents' knowledge and perceptions about reproductive health education.

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