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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Jurnal Informatika Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika (JITEKI) Journal of ICT Research and Applications JUITA : Jurnal Informatika International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics Jurnal Informatika dan Teknik Elektro Terapan MUSTEK ANIM HA Scientific Journal of Informatics Sistemasi: Jurnal Sistem Informasi JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Informatika Mulawarman: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komputer Sinkron : Jurnal dan Penelitian Teknik Informatika Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) SISFOTENIKA Wikrama Parahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat IT JOURNAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT JURNAL REKAYASA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI SINTECH (Science and Information Technology) Journal JURNAL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA DAN SISTEM INFORMASI METHODIKA: Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi MIND (Multimedia Artificial Intelligent Networking Database) Journal KOMPUTIKA - Jurnal Sistem Komputer TELKA - Telekomunikasi, Elektronika, Komputasi dan Kontrol Building of Informatics, Technology and Science JISKa (Jurnal Informatika Sunan Kalijaga) Jurnal Informatika dan Rekayasa Elektronik Jurnal Teknika Scientific Journal of Informatics Journal of Innovation Information Technology and Application (JINITA) Indonesian Journal of Data and Science Infotek : Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi Jurnal Teknologi Informatika dan Komputer SKANIKA: Sistem Komputer dan Teknik Informatika Innovation in Research of Informatics (INNOVATICS) Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) Jurnal PTI (Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi) Jurnal SAINTIKOM (Jurnal Sains Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer) Jurnal Sains Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi JUSTIN (Jurnal Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) Transformasi Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sisfotek (Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi Informasi) PROSISKO : Jurnal Pengembangan Riset dan observasi Rekayasa Sistem Komputer JOMPA ABDI: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Intimas (Jurnal INTIMAS): Inovasi Teknologi Informasi Dan Komputer Untuk Masyarakat Data Sciences Indonesia (DSI) Jurnal Masyarakat Madani Indonesia JEECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences) Information Technology Education Journal Journal Of Artificial Intelligence And Software Engineering Jurnal INFOTEL Journal of Computer Science Contributions (Jucosco) Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Inovasi Teknologi Masyarakat Jurnal Pengabdian Siliwangi International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing.
Anindita Septiarini, Anindita
Mulawarman University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Journal : information technology education journal

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Food Delivery Time Prediction using Tree-Based Ensemble Models: A Comparative Study with Explainable Artificial Intelligence Raihanfitri Adi Kalipaksi; Haviluddin Haviluddin; Anindita Septiarini; Joan Angelina Widians; Novianti Puspitasari
Information Technology Education Journal Vol. 5, No. 3, August (2026)
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Informatika dan Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59562/intec.v5i3.12157

Abstract

Purpose – Being able to predict delivery time accurately is important for online food delivery services, both for operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. However, this is not an easy task. Delivery time depends on many factors that are related to each other, such as courier characteristics, delivery distance, and order-related information, and these factors interact in complex ways. This study looks at how well tree-based ensemble learning models can predict food delivery time, and also uses explainable artificial intelligence so the models can still be interpreted properly. Design – This study uses 45,593 delivery records taken from Kaggle. In this study, four tree-based ensemble models were developed, namely Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, and LightGBM, with each model optimized through hyperparameter tuning. The models were evaluated using repeated 5-fold cross-validation with three repetitions, and their performance was assessed using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R². Findings – LightGBM Tuned came out with the best numerical performance, showing an MAE of 5.678 minutes, RMSE of 7.204 minutes, and R² of 0.411. However, based on ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, the difference in performance between the best boosting-based models was not statistically significant. SHAP analysis also showed that courier rating, delivery distance, courier age, and several interaction features were the factors that had the biggest influence on delivery time prediction. Research implications – The findings suggest that boosting-based ensemble learning models can provide moderate predictive performance while offering interpretable insights into the factors contributing to delivery time predictions. Nevertheless, the moderate R² value indicates that additional operational variables, such as traffic conditions, restaurant preparation time, and courier workload, may be required to improve practical prediction reliability. Originality/value – This study combines ensemble learning, feature engineering, statistical validation, and explainable artificial intelligence together to evaluate both the predictive performance and interpretability of models for food delivery time prediction. 
Co-Authors Abdul Razak Aliudin Achmad Solichan Adi Muhammad Syifai Adnan, Fahrizal Afifah, Dinda Nur Agus Qomaruddin Munir AHMAD ANSYORI Ahmad Nur Fauzan Ahmadyani Ajay, Muhammad Akhmad Masyudi Akhmad Syaifudin, Encik Alameka, Faza Aldi Daffa Arisyi Alfrina Mewengkang Alif Rifa’i Alvito Gabbriel Saputra Alyani Noor Septalia Amalia, Syaffira Rizky Ambari, Nasser Ambon, Matelda Yunanta Andi Tejawati Andri Syafrianto Anita Ahmad Kasim Annisa Putri Novalianti Anton Prafanto Antonieta Aryuka Paskalia Nggotu Ardi Setyiawan Ari Fullah Arif Hidayat Arindra Nurshadrina Ramadini Arini Wijayanti Asmita, Rizka Aulia Rahman Awang Harsa Kridalaksana Awang Zheri Rhesvianur Az Zahrah, Rezha Nur Bandhaso, Victor Bima Prihasto Briyan Efflin Syahputra Budi Rahmani Budiman, Edy Cakra Dewandaru Chairunnisa Ardiansyah Lamasitudju Christian Farrel Argya Putra Christian Mahatma Bimo Alpindo Christy Maulidiah Daffa Putra Mahardika Didit Suprihanto, Didit Dwi Prasetio Dyna Marisa Khairina Edy Winarno Enny Itje Sela Ery Burhandenny, Aji Ery Burhandeny, Aji Evi Wildana Fahrozi, Muhammad Naufal Fairil Anwar Fajri, Muhamad Mushfa Hikmatal Fandi Alief Al Akbar Farida Djumiati Sitania Fathia Nuq Qamarina Fathir Januarta Fauzan, Ahmad Nur Fayza Virdana Addiza Firyal, Tasya Nadina Fornia, Daviana Dwitasari Enka Fuad, Natalie Gempar Panggih Dwi Gideon Simalango, Yanuar Gunawan, Ayu Lestari Hairah, Ummul Hairah, Ummul Hakim, Muhammad Irvan Hamdani Hamdani . Hamdani Hamdani Hamdani Hamdani Hamdani Hamdani Hamdani Hamdani Hanif, Ahmad Luthfi Hariyanto Harry Tanni Pagiu Hatta, Heliza Rahmania Haviluddin Haviluddin Haviuddin, Haviluddin Heliza Hatta Heliza Rahmania Hatta, Heliza Rahmania Henderi . Heni Sulastri Herlawati Herlawati Heru Ismanto Hidayat, Ahmad Nur Hutagalung, Wilson Boyaron Hutapea, Vedra Dian Sierrafina Ibnu Amri Thaher Ifnu Umar Indah Fitri Astuti Indah Wulan Lestari Irfan, Aliya Irsyad, Akhmad Kalingga Dwindra Putraka Kalingga Dwindra Putraka Kamila, Vina Zahrotun Kiki Purwanti Laraswati, Sherina Lempas, Gidion Lili, Juniver Veronika Lukman Nadjamuddin M. Rizky Nilzamyahya Maharani, Agustina Dwi Mahendra, Dicky Alvian Masa, Amin Padmo Azam Masna Wati Maya Agustina Medi Taruk Muh Ghazy Daffa Sampe Muhamad Azhari Muhamad Rayhan Akhsani Taqwim Muhammad Abdillah Muhammad Abdillah Muhammad Aidil Saputra Muhammad Andas Lesmana Muhammad Ariando Ferdian Muhammad Asadin Nur Muhammad Bakri Muhammad Dzacky Muhammad Ifandi Muhammad Kevin Adli Pratama Muhammad Muchlis Abimanyu Muhammad Nashrul Fakhri Muhammad Nur Ramadhan Muhammad Rafif Hanif Muhammad Sofian Sauri Mu’nisah Assisi Najwa Felira Zetti Nanda Arianto Nathaniela Aptanta Parama Nggotu, Antonieta Aryuka Paskalia Novi Puspitasari Novianti Puspitasari Nupa, Joy Disanto Nur Madia Nurcahyono, Damar Nurhidayat, Rifki Nurmadewi, Dita Olivia Octavia Padmo Azam Masa, Amin Patricia Chandra Pebianoor, Pebianoor Prafanto, Anton Pramudya, Pranata Eka Pratiwi, Sinthya Ayu Puguh Budi Prakoso Puspitasari, Novianti Puspitasari, Novitanti Putra Ramdani, Aditya Putri, Septi Aulia Rafi Ichsanul Iqbal Rahmadya Trias Handayanto Rahmat Kamara Raihanfitri Adi Kalipaksi Raihanfitri Adi Kalipaksi Rajiansyah, Rajiansyah Rakhmat Purnomo Ramadhaniaty, Dinda Raudhya Azzahra Reski Harisma Dewi Barkah Reviansa Fakhruddin Aththar Ricky Anggari Risky Kurniawan Riswandi Syam Rita Diana Riyayatsyah, Riyayatsyah Rizqi Saputra Rohman, Reisa Maulidya Rondongalo Rismawati Rosmasari, Rosmasari Sadewa, Bintang Putra Saipul, Saipul Sakti, Dwi Nika Salsabila, Nur Maya Saragih, Muhammad Nabil Sarira, Brayen Tisra Satria Bagus Eka Chandra Saucha Diwandari Setiawan, Maulana Agus Sihombing, Yobel Fernanda Siti Retno Wulandari Sophy Awaliah Sugandi Sugandi Sumaini Sumaini Supriyono Supriyono Supriyono Supriyono Surya Eka Priyatna Syaffira Rizky Amalia Syifani, Sarah Tejawati, Andi Theresia Amelia Pawitra Tulili, Hadie Pratama Ummul Hairah Ummul Hairah Vashih Al Farizi Farizi Vicky Pranandika Wijaksana Viny Christanti M Wahyudi, Moh Ikhwan Wati, Masna Wibisono, Bramantyo Ardi Harimurti Widians, Joan Angelina Wintin, Chintia Liu Wiwien Hadikurniawati Yanuar Satria Gotama Yasmin, Annisa Yudi Sukmono Yuyun Nabilawati Rumbia zahra salsabila Zainal Arifin Zulfariansyah, Muhammad