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All Journal Humaniora RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Kandai Journal on Education Edum Journal Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang Jounal of Education and Teaching (JET) International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation (IJEMI) Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JPP) Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal JURNAL INOVASI DAN MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN Kelola: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Morfologi : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra dan Budaya BAHASTRA Ilmu Manajemen Sosial Humaniora (JIMSH) Journal of Society Innovation and Development (JSID) Journal of Leadership, Management and Policy in Education Journal of Humanities Research Sustainability International Journal of Language and Ubiquitous Learning
Ishak Bagea
Administrasi Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, Indonesia
Religion Arts Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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The variations of sentence structure in various question responses based on basic sentence patterns Siti Ainim Liusti; Zulfikarni Zulfikarni; Ishak Bagea; Ridha Hasnul Ulya
BAHASTRA Vol. 46 No. 2 (2026): BAHASTRA
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

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Abstract

Syntactic competence is foundational to children’s literacy development; however, empirical research on how elementary learners construct sentences in response to specific interrogative prompts remains limited in Indonesian linguistic scholarship. Although prior studies have normatively described canonical sentence patterns or assessed general syntactic complexity, few have investigated the structural variations elicited by different question words. This study describes and analyzes the syntactic variations produced by fourth-grade students in response to five Indonesian interrogatives (where, how, who, why, what) and maps these responses onto the six canonical sentence patterns of Indonesian. Using a qualitative descriptive design and content analysis, the study examined students’ written responses to a narrative reading comprehension task. Each answer was parsed for syntactic function and evaluated against the framework of Standard Indonesian Grammar. Trustworthiness was ensured through thick description and inter-analyst triangulation. The findings reveal that each interrogative elicits a distinct range of syntactic realizations: full, elliptical, and compound with why producing the most elaborate, multi-clausal constructions. All observed variations align systematically with the six canonical patterns, indicating that ellipsis functions as a pragmatically motivated strategy rather than a syntactic deficiency. This study enriches the descriptive understanding of Indonesian child syntax and provides a diagnostic tool for elementary language instruction.
Co-Authors Aan Fatwa Setiawan Aan Fatwa Setiawan Abu Bakar Abubakar Abubakar Abubakar Abubakar Abubakar Abubakar Aceng Haetami, Aceng Achmad Hidir Achmad Naufal Irsyadi Achmad Naufal Irsyadi Adam Adam Agustina Setyaningsih Agustina, Sitti Ahmad Munawir Ainul Basyirah Amina Azhigali Annisa Ilmeira Queen Apriani Safitri Arfin, Arfin Aspin Aspin Aspin Aspin Aspin Aspin Jhody Asri Agustiwi Asrul Asrul Bagea, Arfin David Rindu Kurniawan Deluma, Ridwan Yusuf Dian Heriani Dian Heriani Dona Tihnike Dona Tihnike Elfrida Ratnawati Emilie Bernard Fatmawati, Titi Feni Febrianti Firman Firman Halima Halima Hizbul Khootimah Azzaakiyyah Indra Tjahyadi Jack Davis Jefriyanto Saud Juhadira, Juhadira Kraugusteeliana Kraugusteeliana Lela Susanty Lela Susanty Lilianti, Lilianti M, Rahmwati M., Rahmawati Mariama Bah Marjani Marjani Maxno Maxno Mentari Putri Pramanenda Sinaga Miki Yuliandri Mokodompit, Multi Mubarok, Ence Supriatna Muh Ainul Basyirah Muh. Takdir Mujiati Mujiati Muliyani Muliyani Mulyadi Mulyadi Murniati Murniati Nabila Ratu Fidella Nasir Nasir Nasir Nelfi Nelfi Nelza Putri Angraini Ningtias Ningtias, Ningtias Ninis Anjarwati Nyayu Yayu Suryani Octaviany, Rini Pande Wayan Renawati Pande Wayan Renawati Puspitasari, Yulinda Ragil Nazar, Erhy Rahma Al Ifta Rasid, Rasid Ria Kristia Fatmasari Ria Kristia Fatmasari Ridha Hasnul Ulya Rindang Ririk, Ririk Rizki Amalia Sholihah Rohana Talia Rusli, Tri Indah Ryan Teo Sarip, Mohamad Sasabone, Carolina Sawitri Sawitri Siswahyudianto Siti Ainim Liusti Sitti Agustina Sukmawati Sukmawati Suryani, Nyayu Yayu Tini Tomi, Tomi Ummul Khasanah Ummul Khasanah Wa Ode Yustin Alfianti Wanti Ariani Yola Afrianti Zulfikarni Zulfikarni