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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Agrikultura Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Jurnal Hortikultura Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Agriprima : Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri) Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences
Efi Toding Tondok
Bogor Agricultural University
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology

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The Severity of Fusarium Wilt Disease in Correlation to the Abundance of Fusarium oxysporum and Phytonematodes: Case Study at Banana Plantation PTPN VIII Parakansalak Tanjung, Mei Rani; Munif, Abdul; Effendi, Yunus; Tondok, Efi Toding
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 5 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.18.5.222-230

Abstract

The Severity of Fusarium Wilt Disease in Correlation to the Abundance of Fusarium oxysporum and Phytonematodes: Case Study at Banana Plantation PTPN VIII Parakansalak Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is a soil-borne pathogen that infects banana plants and causes wilt. Several studies demonstrated that phytomatodes have a role in helping infection of the pathogens that cause wilt. This study aims to determine the relationship between phytonematodes and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense from soil and banana roots infected with fusarium wilt. Soil samples was obtained from infected banana plants and collected based on different scores of fusarium wilt disease severity. Samples were then composited based on the score, and the abundance of each pathogen is measured following samples extraction in the laboratory. The highest population of phytonematodes was 77 g-1 obtained from soil with a disease severity score of 4; and the lowest was 16 g-1 from samples with a score of 2. As for root samples, the highest population of phytonematodes (85 g-1) was obtained from plants with a score 0 and the lowest (33 g-1) was from plants with a score 3. Two species of phytonematodes were identified, i.e. Helicotylenchus sp. and Radopolus sp. Based on measurement using conventional methods showed that the abundance of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was highest in plants with a score of 1, i.e. 8.1 × 103 cfu g-1 soil and lowest in plants with a score of 0 i.e. 1.0 × 103 cfu g-1 soil. The effect of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense to the severity of fusarium wilt shows a positive relationship of 8.3% and it may contribute to cause fusarium wilt disease by 0.6%. This pathogen can cause wilting of bananas without the help of the phytonematode species found in this study.
Screening of Marine Fungi as Biological Control Agent of Colletotrichum acutatum on Chili Syam, Nur Asmasari; Tondok, Efi Toding; Tarman, Kustiariyah; Widodo, Widodo
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2022): Maret 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.18.2.53-65

Abstract

Antraknosa merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman cabai di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum acutatum. Antraknosa sangat merugikan karena menurunkan hasil produksi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan cendawan laut yang berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan C. acutatum dan menekan penyakit antraknosa, serta mengidentifikasi isolat cendawan laut yang potensial sebagai agens pengendalian hayati. Potensi agens hayati mengacu pada hasil penapisan seperti uji antagonis dan senyawa organik volatil (SOV), sedangkan penghambatan penyakit antraknosa pada cabai didasarkan pada hasil pengukuran insidensi penyakit dan diameter gejala antraknosa. Hasil uji menunjukkan semua isolat cendawan laut berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan C. acutatum dan menghasilkan SOV, serta dapat menekan insidensi penyakit antraknosa pada cabai. Empat galur cendawan laut, yaitu 4145, B3st2, GN322, Z521 memiliki potensi menjadi agens pengendalian hayati penyakit antraknosa pada cabai. Hasil identifikasi empat galur tersebut berdasarkan analisis sikuen nukleotida adalah Fusarium proliferatum 4145, Trichoderma harzianum B3st2, fungal endofit GN322, dan Fusarium solani Z521.
Isolation and Morphological Characterisation of Cercospora janseana Infecting Rice Leaves Tondok, Efi Toding; Sa’adah, Rima Nur Halimatu
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 6 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.18.6.255-263

Abstract

Penyakit bercak cokelat sempit pada tanaman padi menjadi salah satu penyakit yang paling merugikan. Di Indonesia, informasi mengenai penyakit ini masih terbatas dan kurang mendapatkan perhatian petani dan peneliti. Pengetahuan dasar mengenai patogen penyebabnya—Cercospora janseana—diperlukan sebagai acuan dalam tindakan pengendalian dan memahami epidemiologinya di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan teknik isolasi yang sesuai untuk C. janseana serta melakukan karakterisasi morfologinya dari beberapa varietas tanaman padi. Teknik isolasi yang digunakan ialah metode penanaman jaringan, suspensi spora, penyebaran spora, dan penempelan spora. Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan dengan mengamati warna dan pertumbuhan koloni, konidium dan konidiofor, serta pertumbuhan koloni pada medium tumbuh yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik isolasi yang sesuai untuk C. janseana ialah dengan penempelan spora pada agar-agar air dan menumbuhkannya pada medium agar-agar Martin. Teknik ini lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tiga teknik isolasi lainnya dan berhasil memudahkan proses isolasi C. janseana hingga diperoleh isolat murni.
Mass Rearing of Foliar Nematode Aphlenchoides fragariae on Fungal Culture: Mass Rearing of Foliar Nematode Aphlenchoides fragariae on Fungal Culture Kurniawati, Fitrianingrum; Supramana; Hidayat, Sri Hendrastuti; Tondok, Efi Toding; Syafutra, Heriyanto
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2024): Januari 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.1.24-31

Abstract

Nematoda daun Aphelenchoides fragariae mempunyai inang yang luas dan dapat berperan sebagai parasit tumbuhan maupun pemakan cendawan. Belum ada informasi terkait teknik perbanyakan A. fragariae di Indonesia. Penelitian untuk memperoleh jumlah nematoda A. fragariae yang murni perlu dilakukan untuk mendukung penelitian di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbanyak A. fragariae menggunakan biakan cendawan pada tiga suhu yang berbeda dan menghitung jumlah nematoda. Biakan cendawan yang digunakan ialah, Alternaria porri, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, Pythium sp., dan Rhizopus sp. Lima spesies cendawan tersebut diinkubasikan pada tiga suhu. Untuk memperoleh kondisi yang sesuai, biakan cendawan diinkubasi pada tiga suhu yang berbeda. Sebelum ditumbuhkan dalam biakan cendawan, nematoda dicelupkan ke dalam larutan streptomisin sulfat 0.1%, kemudian dicuci menggunakan air steril. Selanjutnya, 20 nematoda steril diinfestasikan pada biakan cendawan berumur 7 hari dan diinkubasi pada suhu 16, 28, dan 37 ℃. Setelah 28 hari, nematoda dipanen dan dihitung jumlahnya. Di antara spesies cendawan yang diuji sebagai media pemeliharaan, biakan terbaik untuk reproduksi A. fragariae ialah Alternaria porri pada suhu 28 ℃, dengan jumlah nematoda akhir rata-rata hingga 407.8 per cawan petri Pada suhu 37 ℃ A. fragariae gagal bereproduksi di semua biakan cendawan yang diuji. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa di antara ketiga suhu tersebut, yang paling mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan nematoda ialah 16 dan 28 ℃, yang paling tidak mendukung adalah 37 ℃.
Potensi Mikrob Endofit dalam Menekan Penyakit Busuk Umbi pada Tanaman Bawang Merah: Potential of Endophytic Microbes in Suppressing Basal Rot Disease in Shallot Plants Sari, Rahmah Dian; Tondok, Efi Toding; Dinarti, Diny; Hidayat, Sri Hendrastuti
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 3 (2024): Mei 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.3.115-125

Abstract

Bawang merah adalah salah satu komoditas hortikultura unggulan di Indonesia. Salah satu kendala produksi bawang merah di Indonesia adalah penyakit busuk pangkal yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Beberapa mikrob endofit telah dilaporkan perannya sebagai agens hayati dan efektif menekan penyakit tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan Bacillus siamensis, Chaetomium sp., Cuvularia lunata, dan Trichoderma asperellum dalam menekan pertumbuhan F. oxysporum. Mikrob endofit merupakan koleksi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Pengujian secara in vitro dilakukan dengan metode uji koloni ganda dan uji produksi senyawa organik volatil (SOV) anticendawan dengan metode tangkup. Pengujian SOV dilakukan pada medium ADK dan TSA dengan tingkat konsentrasi, yaitu 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%. Uji in vivo dilakukan dengan menanam umbi bawang merah setelah direndam dalam suspensi mikrob endofit, kemudian dilakukan inokulasi F. oxysporum pada 1 minggu setelah tanam. Hasil uji koloni ganda menunjukkan hambatan sebesar 51.41% (B. siamensis), 71.04% (Chaetomium sp.), 69.45% (C. lunata), dan 74.55% (T. asperellum), sedangkan uji produksi SOV menunjukkan nilai THR yaitu 34.45% (B. siamensis), 14.53% (Chaetomium sp.), 35.23% (C. lunata), dan 42.57% (T. asperellum). Penghambatan insidensi penyakit oleh mikrob endofit pada uji in vivo berkisar 60.00% sampai dengan 73.33%.
Direct Isolation Method for Tomato-Infecting Phytophthora infestans : Metode Isolasi Langsung untuk Phytophthora infestans yang Menginfeksi Tanaman Tomat Parlindo, Fitra; Khairani, Hagia Sophia; Papona, Alisya Talita; Tondok, Efi Toding
Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2024): Maret 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14692/jfi.20.2.101-107

Abstract

Infection of Phytophthora infestans at high altitudes in tropical regions causes symptoms of tomato late blight throughout the year. Even though it is very easy to find in the field, P. infestans is often very difficult to isolate aseptically in the laboratory. This study aims to evaluate direct isolation techniques that can increase the success of isolating P. infestans. Isolation was carried out on a non-specific medium, consisting of potato dextrose agar (PDA), corn meal agar (CMA), oatmeal agar (OMA), and water agar (WA) with three alternative types of antibiotics, i.e. chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and rifampicin. Observations were carried out to determine the effect of the medium on sporangia induction and the age of the original colony’s growth in CMA and OMA media. The results showed that the isolation of P. infestans using the direct method was successfully carried out on non-specific PDA, CMA, OMA and WA medium. The highest isolation success rate was obtained on CMA medium with the addition of 50 mg L-1 rifampicin. The fastest sporangia induction (8 days) was shown by colonies grown on OMA medium with the addition of 50 mg L-1 rifampicin based on the category of abundant sporangia after 20 days of incubation. Rejuvenation of P. infestans colonies for research purposes in the laboratory is recommended to be carried out routinely twice a month. This research provides practical guidance for understanding the bioecology of P. infestans infecting tomato plants, especially for further study on oomycetes fungi.
Endophytic Actinomycetes of Liliaceae Plants as Biocontrol Agents of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae Causes of Basal Plate Rot Disease on Shallots Marianah, Lisa; Munif, Abdul; Giyanto; Tondok, Efi Toding; Nawangsih, Abdjad Asih
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.1.241-253

Abstract

Basal plate rot disease is one of the critical diseases in shallot plants. Control using synthetic chemical fungicides is still unable to overcome this problem, and it hurts the environment and reduces the population of essential microbes in plants. Endophytic actinomycetes have potential as biocontrol agents. They are reported to be able to inhibit the growth of pathogens, induce plant resistance, produce cell wall degrading enzymes, and promote growth. This research aims to obtain endophytic actinomycete isolates that have the potential to inhibit the growth of the fungus Fusarium. oxysporum f.sp. cepae causes of basal plate rot disease in shallot, and evaluate its inhibitory mechanism. Endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from tubers and roots of Liliaceae plants collected from shallots-production center area. The isolate obtained was tested for biosafety and continued with its inhibitory effectiveness against the fungus F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae in vitro, ability to induce resistance, and plant growth promotion test. The six best isolates were selected based on weighting using AHP and identified molecularly. The endophytic actinomycetes of Liliaceae plants can inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae up to 63.49% with an antibiosis mechanism, producing chitinase enzymes that cause lysis, induce resistance, and produce growth hormones such as IAA. Streptomyces sp. can inhibit the fungus F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae causes basal plate rot disease on shallot by producing antifungal compounds and chitinase enzymes, inducing resistance, and producing growth hormone.
Description of the morphology, morphometric, and molecular of Aphelenchoides fragariae (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) causing crimp disease of strawberry in Indonesia Kurniawati, Fitrianingrum; Hidayat, Sri Hendrastuti; Tondok, Efi Toding; Syafutra, Heriyanto; Supramana, Supramana
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): MARCH, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLANT PE
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.1259-16

Abstract

Aphelenchoides fragariae, commonly known as strawberry crimp nematodes, primarily target the aerial parts of plants, affecting both internal and external structures. In Indonesia, where strawberries are predominantly cultivated in highland regions, the presence of strawberry crimp disease has been confirmed. Infected plants exhibit symptoms such as stunted growth, reddened foliage, crimped or curled leaves, and malformed buds and blooms. Aboveground damage caused by the nematodes includes contorted shoots, undersized leaves, and reddish petioles, often accompanied by discolored patches on the foliage. These symptoms significantly impair the growth and productivity of strawberry plants, highlighting the nematode’s potential as a serious pest in these regions. The identification of A. fragariae was achieved through a combination of morphological and molecular characterization methods. Species confirmation relied on PCR amplification of the nematode’s cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, using primers (COI F and COI R) designed in the laboratory. The amplification yielded a specific fragment of approximately 550 base pairs, which was sequenced for further analysis. Sequence alignment revealed identity levels ranging from 82.8% to 99.7%, confirming the presence of A. fragariae. The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers LC804455 (A. fragariae isolate RB) and LC804456 (A. fragariae isolate LB), providing a valuable resource for future studies on this nematode species.
Fluorescence Imaging as a Non-Destructive Method for Aflatoxin Detection in Corn Kernels: Recent Advances and Challenges Sri Handayani Nofiyanti; Usman Ahmad; Efi Toding Tondok; Slamet Widodo
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol 14, No 2 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtep-l.v14i2.714-731

Abstract

Fluorescence imaging has developed as a promising non-invasive method for identifying aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodities, especially corn kernels. This paper examines current improvements in fluorescence imaging technologies, highlighting its potential to improve food safety through swift and precise detection of mycotoxins. The paper examines the basics of fluorescence, the necessary setup for optimal imaging, and the issues related to background fluorescence interference, sensitivity, and the construction of calibration models. Although there are some limitations, fluorescence imaging presents considerable advantages, such as cost-efficiency and the capacity to obtain concurrent spectral and spatial data. Proposed future research objectives include the validation of imaging systems using naturally contaminated samples, the optimization of imaging parameters, and the integration of machine learning techniques to enhance data processing. By overcoming existing constraints and utilizing technical progress, fluorescence imaging can serve as an essential instrument in the detection of aflatoxin contamination, hence enhancing food safety. Keywords: Aflatoxin, Detection, Fluorescence imaging, Food safety, Machine learning.
Antimicrobe activity of empty bunches of palm tree’s liquid smoke against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. and Puccinia arachidis Speg. 1884 Pratiwi, Rizky Nomi; Tondok, Efi Toding; Damayanti, Tri Asmira
Agrovigor Vol 18, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrovigor.v18i1.29632

Abstract

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the food crops that has high economic value. However, one of the constraints to groundnut production is the stem base rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) and rust (Puccinia arachidis) diseases. Liquid smoke is known to have antimicrobial activities that need to be further studied for their potential to control various types of pathogens. This study aimed to test the ability of liquid smoke from empty palm bunches in controlling S. rolfsii and P. arachidis in vitro. The phytotoxicity of liquid smoke to seeds was tested using a rolled paper test established in plastic. Antimicrobial activity was tested by using the poisoning medium method against S. rolfsii, while spore germination test against P. arachidis was conducted by direct liquid smoke dripping onto uredospore on object glass. Antimicrobial activity of liquid smoke at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.2%, and 1.4% showed growth inhibition of S. rolfsii by 2.0%, 5.4%, 35.0%, 78.8%, and 100%, respectively. At 24 hours after treatment, the effect of liquid smoke on P. arachidis spore germination at concentrations of 0.1% and 1.0% was 1.7% and 0.0% when compared to the control, 8.4%, and at 48 hours after treatment was 1.5% and 0.0% compared to the control, 9.7%. It indicates the ability of liquid smoke as an antifungal. 
Co-Authors , Widodo . Giyanto Abdjad Asih Nawangsih Abdul Munif ABDUL MUNIF Ali Wafa Alisya Talita Papona Aloysius Rusae Ana Septiana Saputri Andika Septiana Suryaningsih Anis Mutirani Atit Kanti Atit Kanti Basri, Muhamad Bonjok Istiaji Bonny Poernomo Wahyu Soekarno Bonny Poernomo Wahyu Soekarno Desi Andini Desi Trisnawati Desy Nur Avifah devi ayu komalaningrat Diny Dinarti Dwi Andini Shiami Eka Wijayanti Evan P. Ramdan Fitri Kemala Sandra Fitrianingrum Kurniawati, Fitrianingrum Giyanto Giyanto Giyanto Hagia Sophia Khairani Heriyanto Syafutra Hermanu Triwidodo I Made Sudiana I Made Sudiana I Nyoman Sumerta Idris Idris Irwanto Sucipto Jean Nihana Manalu Kartini Budiastuti Kikin H Mutaqin Kustiariyah Tarman Kusumah, Yayi Munara Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho Lilik Retnowati Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono Marianah, Lisa Masrukhin Masrukhin Meity Suradji Sinaga Meity Suradji Sinaga Meity Suradji Sinaga MEITY SURADJI SINAGA Mubin, Nadzirum nFN Khaerati Nofiyanti, Sri Handayani Nugraha, Andhika Vidian Nurholis Nurholis Papona, Alisya Talita Parlindo, Fitra Paulus Woyen Pratiwi, Rizky Nomi Ramdan, Evan Purnama Rika Estria Gurusinga Rizky G S Purnama Sari, Rahmah Dian Sa’adah, Rima Nur Halimatu Siti Juariyah Slamet Widodo SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT Supramana Surono Surono Suryo Wiyono Syam, Nur Asmasari Tanjung, Mei Rani Toga Pangihotan Napitupulu TRI ASMIRA DAMAYANTI Usman Ahmad Wawan Setiawan Widodo Widodo Widodo Widodo Widodo Widodo Yadi Suryadi Yayu Siti Nurhasanah Yunus Effendi