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Jaslin Ikhsan
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

 1 
The Synthesis of CH₃NH₃PbI₃₋ₓBrₓ under Uncontrolled Humidity for Perovskite Solar Cell Application Kusumawardani, Cahyorini; Ikhsan, Jaslin; Budiasih, Kun Sri; Herlambang Nugroho; Widowati, Asri
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.298-310

Abstract

CH₃NH₃PbI₃₋ₓBrₓ perovskite films were successfully synthesized under uncontrolled humidity using a two-step spin-coating method followed by Ostwald ripening (OR) treatment. Bromide incorporation into CH₃NH₃PbI₃ was achieved by diluting the pre-formed CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films with CH₃NH₃Br (MABr) solutions at various concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a tetragonal perovskite phase with reduced lattice parameters as the bromide concentration increased, indicating successful substitution of I⁻ by Br⁻ ions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) characterization showed that moderate bromide incorporation (30–40 mg/mL) produced dense and uniform grains with homogeneous halide distribution, whereas excessive MABr resulted in non-uniform morphology and halide segregation, particularly under humid conditions. Optical analysis revealed a gradual blue shift of the absorption edge, consistent with band gap widening due to lattice contraction. Photovoltaic performance measurements demonstrated that higher MABr concentrations led to decreased current density and fill factor, attributed to excessive bromide content and defect formation. These findings indicate that controlled bromide incorporation via Ostwald ripening using an MABr concentration of 20 mg/mL effectively enhances the structural quality, film stability, and photovoltaic performance of CH₃NH₃PbI₃₋ₓBrₓ perovskite solar cells under humid environments.
Co-Authors Ali, Safdar Andri Prasetyo Banu Aji Anti Kolonial Prodjosantoso Antuni Wiyarsi Ash Shiddiqi, Muhammad Habib Aslam, Shazia Asri Widowati Ayubi, Mizzan Basri, Muhammad Fikri M Cahyorini Kusumawardani Damayanti, Latifah Adelina Della Novri Yanti Dina Dina, Dina Dyah Purwaningsih, Sugi Rahayu Pujianto Eli Rohaeti Elsa Sriwahyuni Elsa Yulianingsih Endang Widjayanti LFX Erfan Priyambodo Ernawati, Yuyun Febri Saputri Febrian Solikhin Ganang Nevangga Cahya Ardika Herlambang Nugroho Indyah Sulistyo Arty, Indyah Isma Ramadhani Lubis, Isma Ramadhani Jumadi Jumadi Jumadi Jumadi K. H. Sugiyarto, K. H. Kartika Gita Septiana Kristian H. Sugiyarto Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto, Kristian Handoyo Kun Sri Budiasih Laifa Rahmawati Lestari, Darma Gusti Lutfiah Nur Hidayati Mar’attus Solihah, Mar’attus Mar’atus Solihah, Mar’atus Mawadah, Nuri Vina Mizwan Amrul Khairi Mubarrak, Akbar Muhaimin Muhaimin Ningthias, Dyah Puspitasari Nira Listyawati Nur Fitriyana Nur Huda Nur, Sudirman Paembonan, Tiara Lestari Pratiwi, Erica Anna Resti Yektyastuti Resti Yektyastuti, Resti Restu Utami Sa'adah, Siti Imroatus Sabar Nurohman Salman Ali Siti Imroatus Sa'adah Siti Imroatus Sa'adah Siti Sulastri Solikhin, Febrian Sri Rejeki Sukisman Sukisman Sulistiana Febriawati Sunarto Sunarto Sunarto Sunarto Suyanta Suyanta Tairas, Nelson Tria Mardiana Wijayanti Endang, Wijayanti Wiji Astuti Yogo D. Prasetyo, Yogo D. Yoni Kurnia Yunita, Isti