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Journal : litera

Sanskrit action verbs ‘worship’ in the Bhagavad Gītā: A natural semantic metalanguage approach Ni Nyoman Tri Gitayani; Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha; I Made Rajeg
LITERA Vol. 25 No. 2: LITERA (JULY 2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Languages, Arts, and Culture Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ltr.v25i2.92471

Abstract

Abstract The semantic understanding of Sanskrit action verbs of worship involves nuances of meaning that frequently overlap, reflecting significant cultural and religious values in Hindu practices worldwide. Despite growing interest in Sanskrit linguistic studies due to the structural and functional complexity of its verbal system, semantic analyses that specifically focus on worship verbs using the semantic primes framework remain limited. Therefore, this research examines Sanskrit action verbs ‘worship’ through the framework of Wierzbicka’s Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach, supported by van Valin and Lapolla’s semantic macroroles theory as the methodological combination that has rarely been applied to Classical Sanskrit texts. The data were taken from Chapters IX, X, and XI of the Bhagavad Gītā and were collected through documentation and note-taking techniques, subsequently analyzed using qualitative methods. The findings revealed several Sanskrit action verbs related to acts of ‘worship’, namely upāsate, bhajante, praṇamya, gṛṇanti, and stuvanti, which are classified under the types DO, DO and MOVE, also DO and SAY. In addition, the semantic macroroles of actor and undergoer were identified across the data, which are indicated as AGENT, RECIPIENT, and GOAL. The findings carry significant implications for both cultural and semantic inquiry, deepening understanding of how ‘worship’ is conceptualized in Hindu thought and indicating the potential to expand the application of NSM and semantic macroroles across languages worldwide.
Co-Authors ., Reskiana Agnes Br Anak Agung Putu Rina Dewi Anak Agung Sagung Shanti Sari Dewi Anak Agung Sagung Shanti Sari Dewi Cinta Violeta Desak Kadek Vitri Dwi Yani F. I M. Brata Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg Gusti Ayu Komang, Putri Kencana Pebi Anitasari I Dewa Ayu Eva Darmayanti I Gede Agus Krisna Permana I Gede krisna Wedhana C I Gede Pariasa I Gusti Ayu Gede Sosiowati I Kadek Ari Wiguna I Kadek Sanjaya I Ketut Darma Laksana I Ketut Tika I Komang Aris Budi Ardianta I Made Budiarsa I Made Netra I Nengah Sudipa I Nyoman Aryawibawa I Nyoman Udayana I Wayan Gede Candra Wibawa I Wayan Nanditha Kusanaghi Ida Ayu Gede Laksemi Dewi Ida Ayu Mas Maura Dwi Handayani Ida Ayu Tantri Saraswathy Ida Wayan Eka Werdi Putra Ihsan Risyad Fadilah Putra Kadek Fradika Putra Kadek Gangga Utara Karlina Denistia Komang Wulan Astriwedayanti Lau Yoseph Anggara Putra Meta Luh Putu Laksminy Made Detriasmita Saientisna Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa, Made Henra Nadia Ade Arbella Negara, I Putu Suwita Adi Ni Kadek Armaeni Ni Ketut Alit Ida Setianingsih Ni Ketut Nadi Oktaviani Ni Ketut Sri Agustini Ni Ketut Sri Rahayuni Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini Ni Luh Putu Sisiana Dewi Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha Ni Made Ayu Widiastuti Ni Made Binantari Ni Nyoman Ayu Ulandari Ni Nyoman Tri Gitayani Ni Nyoman Tri Gitayani Ni Putu Nia Puspasari Ni Wayan Alanis Nadyasti Puranjani Ni Wayan Ratna Dewi Ni Wayan Sukarini Ni Wayan Wida Yustiari Ni Wayan Yunitri Ningsih, Ni Wayan May Widhia Novita Matildis Stefania Ersam Pande Putu Ayu Bunga Kapitasari Prabadewi, Ni Made Rai Putu Ayu Asty Senja Pratiwi Putu Ersta Adi Lunga Atmaja Putu Indira Gita Maharani Putu Okki Pratama Sang Ayu Dwi Janu Pratiwi Sang Ayu Isnu Maharani SATRIYAS ILYAS savitri, weddha Widiastuti, Putu Yeni