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Identification key to nymphal and adult mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with dragon fruits in Indonesia Mila Seri Rezeki; IDHAM SAKTI HARAHAP; DEWI SARTIAMI; IRMANSYAH IRMANSYAH; GILLIAN W. WATSON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220804

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Abstract. Rezeki MS, Harahap IS, Sartiami D, Irmansyah, Watson GW. 2021. Identification key to nymphal and adult mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with dragon fruits in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3113-3118. Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.), belonging to Cactaceae family, is one of the horticultural commodities being developed in Indonesia for export. Phytosanitary regulations require that fruits for export must be free from diseases and pests, including mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Mealybug species commonly found on dragon fruits in Indonesia are Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus minor (Maskell) and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller. Species-level identification of these insects in the nymphal phase is difficult due to the limited number of identification keys available, so it has been necessary to create an identification key to nymphs of mealybug species found on dragon fruit. A dichotomous identification key was constructed based on microscopic morphological characteristics of the cuticle. Thus, the four species can be differentiated based on general and unique characteristics of each species in the nymphal and adult stages. The diagnostic features that can be used to separate the four species in the nymphal phase are the presence or absence of: discoidal pores around the eyes; anal lobe bars; tubular ducts on the dorsum; and a denticle on each tarsal claw.
Parasitoid of cassava mealybug, Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): Mummy size, adult emergence, sex ratio, and parasitization level Fatayatun Naimah; Dewi Sartiami; Nina Maryana; Ruly Anwar; Pudjianto Pudjianto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240335

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Abstract. Naimah F, Sartiami D, Maryana N, Anwar R, Pudjianto. 2023. Parasitoid of cassava mealybug, Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): mummy size, adult emergence, sex ratio, and parasitization level. Biodiversitas 24: 1629-1634. The presence of Anagyrus lopezi as a natural enemy can reduce the population of Phenacoccus manihoti. This parasitoid was introduced from Thailand to Indonesia in 2014 to control cassava mealybugs. This research aims to determine the mummy length and width, adult emergence time, sex ratio, and parasitization level. This study was conducted in July-November 2022, while parasitoids and mealybugs were obtained from Bogor, Indonesia. The size of mummies was measured under Dino-light digital microscope; the emergence time was counted for 24 hours within six days, and the sex ratio of parasitoids was calculated based on the number of males and females emergence. The parasitization level was observed from four female parasitoids at 120, 160, and 200 of host population densities. The study showed the length and width of female mummies (n: 100) were 0.71 mm and 1.64, while the length and width of male mummies (n: 100) were shorter than female with 1.00 mm and 2.18 mm. The peak time of adult emergence is A. lopezi, i.e., during the daytime at 09:01-12:00 AM and 03:01-06:00 PM. The sex ratio of parasitoids from the field and laboratory was 1:0.49, 1:1.05, and 1:1.09, respectively. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at a 5% significance level showed that the host population density of 120 nymphs was significantly different from other densities, with a parasitization level of 66.7%.
The vector of Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) in Sipahutar pineapples in North Tapanuli, Indonesia LISNAWITA LISNAWITA; AHMAD RAFIQI TANTAWI; MARYANI CYCCU TOBING; ARTHA JUNITA HUTAHAYAN; WISMAROH SANNIWATI SARAGIH; DEWI SARTIAMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240743

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Abstract. Lisnawita, Tantawi AR, Tobing MC, Hutahayan AJ, Saragih WS, Sartiami D. 2023. The vector of Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) in Sipahutar pineapples in North Tapanuli, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4052-4059. The Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) disease is one of the most important diseases in pineapples. It Is widely spread in almost all pineapple plantations, including those in North Tapanuli District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Currently, there is still little information on the PMWaV disease and the species of mealybug found in Sipahutar pineapples in the North Tapanuli District. This research aims to identify mealybugs as the vectors that carry the virus that causes PMWaV disease in Sipahutar pineapples. Mealybug samples were taken from 12 villages in four sub-districts in the center of Sipahutar pineapples plantations in the North Tapanuli District. The four sub-districts were Sipahutar Sub-district from Siabal Abal IV Village, Sabungan Nihuta I Village, and Sabungan Nihuta II Village; Siborongborong Sub-district from Bahal Batu I Village, Bahal Batu II Village, and Lobu Siregar Village; Tarutung Sub-district from Parbaju Tonga Village, Jambur Nauli Village, and Sihujur Village; Pangaribuan Sub-district from Pansurnatolu Village, Sigotom Village, and Rahut Bosi Village. Samples were identified morphologically and molecularly. The results of the identification using both methods showed that the mealybugs found on Sipahutar pineapples with PMWaV symptoms from the 12 villages were Dysmicoccus brevipes species.
Rapid assessment of a thrips outbreak on shallots in Brebes and Tegal, Central Java Province, Indonesia SHANIA ANANDA; HERMANU TRIWIDODO; RULY ANWAR; DEWI SARTIAMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251240

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Abstract. Ananda S, Triwidodo H, Anwar R, Sartiami D. 2024. Rapid assessment of a thrips outbreak on shallots in Brebes and Tegal, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 5024-5030. One of the high-economic-value crops extensively cultivated by farmers in Indonesia is shallots. The cultivation of shallots often faces problems from plant pests and diseases, which can decrease productivity. One of the pests infesting shallots is thrips. In September 2023, a thrips outbreak was reported in shallot fields in Brebes and Tegal Districts, Central Java Province, Indonesia, causing significant losses for farmers, with severe infestations leading to crop failure. Typically, the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the primary pest causing significant losses in shallot commodities in Brebes and Tegal. Prior to 2023, thrips were considered secondary pests and rarely caused severe damage. This research aims to investigate the history of thrips infestations based on interviews with 40 farmers, determine the pest population level using pest counts, and identify thrips to species. The research findings indicate that while farmers' knowledge about thrips still needs to improve, there is a significant potential for enhanced thrips management. The farmers’ knowledge, perspective, and actions significantly affect the thrips population in the fields. Farmers in Tegal exhibited more thorough knowledge of thrips management than those in Brebes, where thrips populations were higher. Climatic factors, such as increased temperatures and decreased rainfall, contributed to the rise in the thrips population. Farmers' adaptation strategies to cope with thrips outbreaks include increasing the frequency and dosage of pesticide spraying, early harvesting, and abandoning infested fields, which results in crop failure. The thrips species causing shallot damage in Brebes and Tegal was Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on ornamental plants in West Java, Indonesia with a new country species record, and their natural enemies VIORENTA VIORENTA; DEWI SARTIAMI; NINA MARYANA; GILLIAN W. WATSON; AGUSTIN ZARKANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260250

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Abstract. Viorenta, Sartiami D, Maryana N, Watson GW, Zarkani A. 2025. Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on ornamental plants in West Java, Indonesia with a new country species record, and their natural enemies. Biodiversitas 26: 1018-1029. Part of Indonesia's biodiversity in ornamental plants has been developed for the global market. However, one of the constraints in meeting market demand is the presence of mealybug pests, which can reduce plant beauty, vigor, and economic value of plants. This study identifies mealybug species associated with ornamental plants in Indonesia and their natural enemies based on morphological characteristics. The research found 15 mealybug species, 14 of which had been previously recorded in West Java, Indonesia, namely Dysmicoccus brevipes, D. neobrevipes, Exallomochlus hispidus, Ferrisia virgata, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Nipaecoccus nipae, Paracoccus marginatus, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Planococcus lilacinus, Pl. minor, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi, Ps. longispinus, Rastrococcus iceryoides and R. spinosus. The fifteenth species, Spilococcus mamillariae, found on cacti, is a new record for Indonesia and Southeast Asia. This study also documented various natural enemies, including both predators and parasitoids. Seven predator species were identified, six of which belonged to Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, namely Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Curinus coeruleus, Illeis sp., Nephus sp., Cheilomenes sexmaculata, and Scymnus sp.; and one species of Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Plesiochrysa ramburi. Hymenopteran parasitoids were found belonging to two families: Encyrtidae (Anagyrus pseudococci, A. mirzai, Blepyrus insuliaris and Gyranusoidea tebygi; and Eulophidae (Aprostocetus sp.). Furthermore, Hymenopteran hyperparasitoids belonging to the families Aphelinidae (Promuscidea unfaciativentris) and Encyrtidae (Prochiloneurus sp. and Prochiloneurus nagasakiensis) were also recorded
Soil arthropods and natural enemies' abundances in broccoli crops treated with insecticides MARIA HEVIYANTI; DADANG DADANG; DEWI SARTIAMI; R. YAYI MUNARA KUSUMAH; PURWANTININGSIH PURWANTININGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260420

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Abstract. Heviyanti M, Dadang, Sartiami D, Kusumah RYM, Purwantiningsih. 2025. Soil arthropods and natural enemies' abundances in broccoli crops treated with insecticides. Biodiversitas 26: 1698-1705. Indonesia is known as one of the countries with the highest biodiversity in the world, consisting of a rich variety of flora and fauna across terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, the excessive and inappropriate use of synthetic insecticides has led to a significant decline in biodiversity, including the death of natural enemies and the disruption of soil microorganisms. An environmentally sustainable alternative for pest control is the application of botanical insecticides. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the effect of the application of 50EC botanical insecticide, a mixture of spike pepper (Piper aduncum) and Chinese perfume (Aglaia odorata) (2:1 w/w) extracts on Plutella xylostella population and the abundance of soil arthropods and natural enemies in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) crops. Observations of the P. xylostella population were carried out by direct observation on sample plants from the second to the ninth Week After Planting (WAP). The diversity and abundance of soil arthropods and natural enemies were assessed using pitfall traps. The results showed that the 50EC botanical insecticide demonstrated a level of effectiveness comparable to that of synthetic insecticides containing the active ingredient emamectin benzoate and microbial insecticide with an active ingredient of Bacillus thuringiensis in controlling P. xylostella. The number of arthropod individuals obtained was 6,441, belonging to 3 classes, 12 orders, 32 families, and 62 morphospecies. The order Entomobryomorpha was the most abundant, accounting for 37.96% of the total arthropod population. In terms of species richness, the order Hymenoptera was predominant, contributing 25.00% and being largely represented by the Formicidae family. The highest number of arthropod individuals (1748) was recorded in the treatment involving the 50EC botanical insecticide. These findings support the use of botanical insecticides as an eco-friendly pest control solution that can reduce pesticide residues and promote sustainable farming practices.
Field evaluation of botanical and synthetic insecticides against fall armyworm in maize HAMDAN MARULI SIREGAR; DADANG DADANG; DEWI SARTIAMI; I WAYAN WINASA; ELI ZULKATRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261027

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Abstract. Siregar HM, Dadang, Sartiami D, Winasa IW, Zulkatri E. 2025. Field evaluation of botanical and synthetic insecticides against fall armyworm in maize. Biodiversitas 26: 5125-5131. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has emerged as a significant threat to maize production in Indonesia, leading to significant yield losses and ecological risks in control practices due to the overreliance on synthetic insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of botanical and synthetic insecticide applications on the population abundance and attack intensity of S. frugiperda, as well as their impact on parasitoid parasitism rate. The field experiment was conducted at the Sawah Baru Experimental Farm, IPB University, during the vegetative stage using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven blocks and three treatments. These treatments include a botanical insecticide formulated as a 50 Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) from a hexane extract mixture of Piper retrofractum fruits and Annona squamosa seeds (2:1 w/w), a synthetic insecticide (emamectin benzoate 30 EC), and a control. The data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in R Studio version 4.4.2. The results showed that both insecticides effectively reduced the population abundance and attack intensity of S. frugiperda, with the synthetic insecticide exhibiting higher efficacy. However,  the botanical insecticide was found to be relatively safer for parasitoids. These findings emphasize the potential of botanical insecticides as a promising and ecologically safer alternative for pest control, suitable for integration into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, thereby supporting a more sustainable approach to maize production.
Drone-assisted augmentation of the parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi for cassava mealybug control in Indonesia MUHAMMAD ALIMUN WASIK; DEWI SARTIAMI; ALI NURMANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261241

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Abstract. Wasik MA, Sartiami D, Nurmansyah A. 2025. Drone-assisted augmentation of the parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi for cassava mealybug control in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6437-6446. The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti, is an invasive pest that causes severe damage and economic loss in cassava production in Indonesia. Biological control using the parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi to manage P. manihoti has proven effective; however, its manual releases remain constrained by time, labor, and cost. This study evaluated the effectiveness and operational efficiency of A. lopezi augmentation using drone-assisted and manual release techniques in cassava fields. Effectiveness was measured by the parasitism rate of A. lopezi on P. manihoti, while efficiency was assessed through cost and time analyses. The augmentation treatment significantly increased the parasitism rate (F = 1955.78; df = 2,11; p<0.001). Parasitism rates under both release techniques were 47.18±0.92% for drones and 46.87±1.04% for manual release, compared with 16.11±0.59% in the control plots. The comparable parasitism rates achieved by drone-assisted and manual releases indicate that drone deployment maintains comparable biological effectiveness to manual augmentation. Moreover, drone application requires only 25 minutes per hectare, compared to 200 minutes per hectare manually. Although the initial cost of drone use was higher at small operational scales, economic analysis indicated a break-even point at approximately 25 ha. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of drone-assisted parasitoid deployment as an operationally efficient approach for large-scale biological control of P. manihoti. This contribution strengthens area-wide Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs by enabling synchronized parasitoid augmentation while also supporting the broader development of smart-agriculture technologies for cassava-based farming systems.
Molecular identification and characterization of Maconellicoccus multipori (Takahashi) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Piper nigrum L. Tri Lestari Mardiningsih; Dewi Sartiami; Miftakhurohmah Miftakhurohmah; Setyowati Retno Djiwanti; Rohimatun Rohimatun; Siti Hardiyanti; Rubi Heryanto; Widi Amaria; Suwarti Suwarti
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLAN
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.225201-207

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The mealybug Maconellicoccus multipori (Takahashi) was identified on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) seedlings in a greenhouse in Bogor, West Java, using both molecular and morphological characterization. Two mealybug isolates were successfully amplified with primer pairs targeting the LCO region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, yielding a 491 bp PCR product. The nucleotide sequences of both isolates (GenBank accession numbers LC666906 and LC666907) were identical. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bogor isolates clustered closely with M. multipori populations from China and Thailand, with high sequence homology of 99.30% and 99.10%, respectively. Morphological observations of the adult female specimens further confirmed their identity as M. multipori, based on key diagnostic features including body size, antennal segmentation, cerarii pattern, and distribution of pores and ducts, which correspond to descriptions in established taxonomic keys. This study provides the first molecular characterization of M. multipori in Indonesia. The COI sequence data obtained enhances reference databases for DNA barcoding and strengthens early detection strategies for pest monitoring. These findings are crucial for supporting quarantine inspections, management, and control of M. multipori in black pepper nurseries and preventing its spread to other crops.
Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): A newly recorded invasive species in Indonesia Dedi Hutapea; Dewi Sartiami; Dadang Dadang; Purnama Hidayat
Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): SEPTEMBER, JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA: JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PLAN
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jhptt.225309-316

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The most economically important invasive thrips species, known for causing serious damage to various crops through feeding and virus transmission, was recorded in the cut flower production center of West Java Province, Indonesia. Thrips specimens were collected from chrysanthemum plastic houses using sweep nets, beating trays, yellow pan traps, and hand vacuums. Based on morphological characteristics, the specimens were identified as Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande 1895 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Infestation levels in chrysanthemum ranged from 9 to 15 individuals per plastic house. This is the first confirmed report of F. occidentalis infesting chrysanthemums in Indonesia, as the species has not been previously recorded in the country. It can be distinguished from other thrips species by its unique morphological traits, including comb-like setae on the eighth abdominal tergite and distinctive chaetotaxy patterns on the head and pronotum.
Co-Authors ADHA SARI Affandi Affandi AGUSTIN ZARKANI Agustini, Melia Ahmad Alwi Azhari Ahmad Aripin Naek Lubis1 AHMAD RAFIQI TANTAWI Ali Djamhuri Ali Nurmansyah Amanatillah, Niky Elfa Anwar, Ruli Araz Meilin ARTHA JUNITA HUTAHAYAN Asni Johari Asni Johari Bonjok Istiaji Bonny PW SOEKARNO Ciptadi Achmad Yusup Cucu Sukmana, Cucu Dadan Hindayana Dadang Dadang Dadang DAMAYANTI BUCHORI Dede Maryana Dedi Hutapea Dhasa Lististio Dian Herawati ELI ZULKATRI Ellina Mansyah Elna Karmawati Endah Muliarti Fatayatun Naimah Funny Soesanthy GILLIAN W. WATSON GILLIAN W. WATSON Gusti Indriati Hajrian Rizqi Albarki HAMDAN MARULI SIREGAR Hamdan Maruli Siregar Hasanah, Ina Rubiatul Hermanu Triwidodo Heviyanti, Maria Hutapea, Dedi I Wayan Winasa IDHAM SAKTI HARAHAP Idham Sakti Harahap Irmansyah Irmansyah Irmansyah Karmawati, Elna Kiki Sari Kusumah, Yayi Munara Lexi Majesty Pendong LISNAWITA LISNAWITA Lukvitasari, Luna Magdalena Magdalena MARIA HEVIYANTI MARYANI CYCCU TOBING Meliyana Miftakhurohmah Miftakhurohmah Mila Seri Rezeki Mubin, Nadzirum MUHAMMAD ALIMUN WASIK Nailul Ianah Natalini Nova Kristina Natalini Nova Kristina Nifa Khalidah Nina Maryana Nur Asbani Nur Asbani Nur Sa’adha Nurul Khumaida Panca Jarot Santoso Paryoto Paryoto Pudjianto Pudjianto PURNAMA HIDAYAT Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih Sugita Putri Dela Atikah Putri Indah Wahyuni R. YAYI MUNARA KUSUMAH Ramadhani Eka Putra RAUF, AUNU RIKA RAFFIUDIN Rohimatun Rohimatun Rosyid Amrulloh Rubi Heryanto Rully Anwar Ruly Anwar Samsudin Samsudin Saputra, Bubun Afif Hidayat Aziz Setyowati Retno Djiwanti SHANIA ANANDA Sih Kahono Siska Efendi Siti Hardiyanti Soesanthy, Funny Sofi Illiyin Sugeng Santoso Sumaryati, Bety Suryo Wiyono Suwarti Suwarti Swastiko Priyambodo Tri Armowidi TRI ASMIRA DAMAYANTI Tri Lestari Mardiningsih Tri Lestari Mardiningsih Tri Lestari Mardiningsih, Tri Lestari Trijanti A. Widinni Asnan Vani Nur Oktaviany Subagyo VIORENTA VIORENTA Wasik, Muhammad Alimun Widi Amaria WINDRA PRIAWANDIPUTRA, WINDRA WISMAROH SANNIWATI SARAGIH Yani Maharani, Yani Yuliani Yuliani Yuni Maharani Za’immatul Mu’allimah Zulianah Saputri