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Comparative analysis of short-chain fatty acid levels in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rat model: Impact of high-fat high-fructose (HFHF), high fat, and Western diets Mustika, Syifa; Handayani, Dian; Rudijanto, Achmad; Santosaningsih, Dewi; Mariyatun, Mariyatun; Gatya, Mifta; Pramesi, Putrika C.; Rahayu, Endang S.; Fajar, Jonny K.
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.670

Abstract

The evidence on the role of diets in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was limited. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effects of high-fat high-fructose (HFHF), high-fat, and Western diets on the levels of SCFA. A research experiment employing a post-test-only control group design was carried out from January to April 2022. A total of 27 rats were randomly allocated to each study group. SCFA was measured two weeks after diet administration. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to analyze the differences among groups, and the effect estimate of each group was analyzed using post hoc Tukey. The concentrations of SCFAs post HFHF diets were recorded as follows: acetic acid at 54.60±10.58 mmol/g, propionic acid at 28.03±8.81 mmol/g, and butyric acid at 4.23±1.68 mmol/g. Following the high-fat diet, acetic acid measured 61.85±14.25 mmol/gr, propionic acid measured 25.19±5.55 mmol/gr, and butyric acid measured 6.10±2.93 mmol/gr. After the administration of Western diet, the levels of SCFA were 68.18±25.73, 29.69±12.76, and 7.48±5.51 mmol/g for acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, respectively. The level of butyric acid was significantly lower in HFHF diet group compared to the normal diet (mean difference (MD) 6.34; 95%CI: 0.61, 12.04; p=0.026). The levels of acetic acid (p=0.419) and propionic acid (p=0.316) were not statistically different among diet types (HFHF, high-fat, and Western diet). In conclusion, HFHF diet is associated with a lower level of butyric acid than the normal diet in a rat model.
Change of Gut Microbiota and its Role in Tuberculosis Mustika, Syifa; Michaela, Cleine
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 25, No 2 (2024): VOLUME 25, NUMBER 2, August, 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/2522024336

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Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a prevalent infectious illness and a leading cause of death globally. An alteration in the microbial communities heightens vulnerability to tuberculosis. The changes mentioned below are responsible for pulmonary disease, as well as a decrease in the body's ability to resist the invasion of harmful external microorganisms or the depletion of beneficial bacteria. Literature review: Adults diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis exhibited a stool microbiome that contained a greater abundance of anaerobic microorganisms. This was found to be linked to proinflammatory immunological pathways in the host and was also associated with the severity of tuberculosis. Relapsed tuberculosis was correlated with elevated Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria levels and decreased Bacteroidetes levels. The pathogenesis of Mycobacterium TB infection and the onset of tuberculosis symptoms may be influenced by changes in the gut-lung microbiome axis. Medication availability, efficacy, and adverse effects can be impacted by the gut flora in several ways. Currently, researchers recommend exploring the potential of combining TB medicine with gut-focused probiotics to improve treatment response and outcomes. Conclusion: The microbiome has the potential to be a modifiable risk factor for tuberculosis. The human microbiota may have a role in the development of M. tuberculosis and treatment for tuberculosis can disrupt the balance of microorganisms, leading to dysbiosis, which can in turn impact the host's immune system. Probiotics and postbiotics demonstrate anti-tuberculosis properties, suggesting their ability to address problems arising from the use of various antibiotics.Keywords: Tuberculosis, microbiome, gut-lung axis
The Effectiveness of Elbasir/Grazoprevir in Hepatitis C Patients with Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Mustika, Syifa
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 25, No 2 (2024): VOLUME 25, NUMBER 2, August, 2024
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/2522024302

Abstract

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Treatment of hepatitis C in end stage renal disease patients  still a clinical challenge. Elbasvir/grazoprevir is a type of direct acting antiviral (DAA) drug used in treatment of Hepatitis C virus patients with renal disease. However, research on effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir in hepatitis c virus patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) was limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir on hepatitis C patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).Method: This research using analytic observational design with cross-sectional study approach. The effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir in hepatitis C patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) were evaluated the viral load, SVR12, and kidney function. Data were obtained from medical records of hepatitis C patients at Hepatology Outpatient Clinic dr. Saiful Anwar hospital from January 1st 2021 until December 31st 2022. Data analysis used the chi-square test, paired t test, and the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p0.05 and 95% confidence level.Results: This study obtained 52 respondents. Most of the patients after treatment elbasvir/grazoprevir had an SVR12 value of 94.23%. Creatinine levels significant increase from 122±40 mg/dl to 133.05±36.12 mg/dl (p=0,032). Urea levels significantly different from 12±3 mg/dl to 12.18±3.56 mg/dl (p=0,446).Conclusion: Elbasvir/grazoprevir was effective to treat hepatitis C patients with stage 5 CKD. Keywords: Hepatitis C, stage 5 CKD, effectiveness, elbasvir/grazoprevir
The curative effect of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaf in an animal model of liver fibrosis Supriono; Putri, Dinda Amalia Eka; Priyanto, Tia Rahmi; Sholihah, Al Imroatus; Larasati, Putu Anissa; Nabila, Salsala Sifa; Hartaya, Arsy Hanandya; Budiarto, Andika Agus; Fachrureza, Mochamad; Wibowo, Bogi Pratomo; Mustika, Syifa
Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences Vol 56 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/inajbcs.v56i2.13416

Abstract

Studies about the prevention effect of Moringa oleifera on liver fibrosis has been reported. However, its curative effect has not been reported, yet. This study was conducted to evaluate the curative effect of M. oleifera leaf extract on liver fibrosis. It was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Rats were divided into 5 groups i.e. normal control which received intraperitoneally injections of 1 mL/kg BW of 0.9% NaCl solution twice a wk for 11 wk. Liver fibrosis control which received intraperitoneally injections of 1 mL/kg BW of 10% CCl4 solution twice a wk for 11 wk. Three M. oleifera treatment group which received intraperitoneally injections of 1 mL/kg BW of 10% CCl4 solution twice a wk for 11 wk continued by M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract at dose of 600 mg/kg BW daily for 3 (MO3), 6 (MO6), and 10 (MO10) wk, respectively. The liver fibrosis level was assessed based on the METAVIR score. Histopathological analysis of liver tissues demonstrated that the 11-week CCl4 induction successfully resulted in liver fibrosis in rats (F3 and F4). The administration of M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract decreased METAVIR scores ranged from F3 to F1. The optimal reduction of the METAVIR scores (F1) was observed in MO3 group after 6 wk administration (p<0.05). It was indicated that M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract ameliorated liver fibrosis. In conclusion, M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract has a curative effect against liver fibrosis.
HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS PRODUKSI SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID (SCFA) PADA SINDROM METABOLIK DAN DERAJAT FIBROSIS HATI PADA PASIEN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) Mustika, Syifa; Pratomo, Bogi; Faridah, Amirah
Majalah Kesehatan Vol. 11 No. 4 (2024): Majalah Kesehatan
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/majalahkesehatan.2024.011.04.2

Abstract

Saluran pencernaan dan hati memiliki interaksi anatomis dan fungsional yang kuat, yang disebut dengan gut-liver axis (GLA). GLA terdiri dari komponen-komponen yang kompleks, apabila terjadi perubahan pada salah satu komponen seperti disbiosis mikrobiota usus, maka dapat berpengaruh terhadap fungsi hati. Disbiosis mikrobiota usus dapat dinilai dari perubahan hasil fermentasi mikrobiota usus yaitu asam lemak rantai pendek (short chain fatty acid/SCFA) yang terdiri dari asetat, propionat, dan butirat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan aktivitas produksi SCFA dengan sindrom metabolik dan derajat fibrosis hati, serta membandingkan aktivitas produksi SCFA pasien non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) dengan subjek kontrol. Studi cross-sectional terhadap 27 pasien NAFLD dan 10 subjek kontrol dengan sampel penelitian berupa feses. Derajat fibrosis hati diukur menggunakan transient elastography dan kadar SCFA diukur menggunakan teknik pemeriksaan gas chromatography. Analisis data dengan uji Chi-square, independent t-test dan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara kadar SCFA dengan sindrom metabolik dengan korelasi negatif (r = -0,381, p = 0,020), terdapat hubungan antara kadar SCFA dengan derajat fibrosis hati pasien NAFLD dengan korelasi negatif (r = -0,665, p = 0,001), dan didapatkan penurunan signifikan kadar SCFA pada pasien NAFLD dibandingkan subjek kontrol (total SCFA p = 0,001, asam asetat p < 0,001, asam propionat p = 0,005, asam butirat p < 0,001). Kesimpulan, terdapat penurunan signifikan kadar SCFA pada pasien NAFLD dibandingkan subjek kontrol. Semakin rendah kadar SCFA berhubungan dengan semakin tinggi risiko terjadinya sindrom metabolik dan semakin tinggi derajat fibrosis hati pada pasien NAFLD.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Patient profiles and key contributing factors Mustika, Syifa; Rosita, Firdha; Sagala, Ida; Satiti, Ika
Deka in Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : PT. DEKA RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69863/dim.2025.e595

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health concern, strongly associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. Recognizing the key risk factors is essential for early detection and prevention. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine patient profiles and identify the primary contributing factors to NAFLD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gastroenterohepatology Division of Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, from May to October 2022. A total of 31 patients diagnosed with NAFLD based on abdominal ultrasound findings were included. Data were collected through medical history assessments, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and transient elastography. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS 25 software. RESULTS: The findings revealed that age (p = 0.029), body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m² (p < 0.001), abdominal circumference exceeding normal limits (p < 0.001), and dyslipidemia (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with NAFLD. However, blood pressure, gender, fasting blood sugar, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) did not exhibit significant associations (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study identified age, obesity, abdominal circumference, and dyslipidemia as the main contributing factors to NAFLD. Early detection and targeted intervention for metabolic risk factors are crucial in preventing disease progression.
Association between esophageal varices severity and psychological distress in cirrhotic patients Mustika, Syifa; Fathoni, Alfan; Sopacua , Andre; Vianty , Liku
Deka in Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : PT. DEKA RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69863/dim.2025.e690

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BACKGROUND: Patients with liver cirrhosis are highly vulnerable to psychological disorders; however, the implications of these mental health issues on the severity of esophageal varices remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the grading of esophageal varices and the occurrence of anxiety and depression in cirrhotic patients experiencing upper gastrointestinal bleeding. METHODS: This study was conducted on inpatients at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, who were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and experienced upper gastrointestinal bleeding over a six-month period using a consecutive sampling method. The grading of esophageal varices from endoscopic data was categorized according to the First Baveno International criteria. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: Out of 53 respondents, 46 had large-grade esophageal varices and 7 had small-grade varices. Based on HADS scores, 38 respondents exhibited symptoms of anxiety, 10 were within the normal range, and 5 exhibited symptoms of depression. A significant moderate correlation was found between the grading of esophageal varices and the presence of anxiety and depression in cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (p = 0.001; r = 0.445). CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between large-grade esophageal varices and the occurrence of anxiety in cirrhotic patients experiencing upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Effect of Multiple Types of High-fat Diet Induction on Gut Microbiota Profile and Butyrate Levels on NAFLD Rat Model: High-fat Diet Induction on Gut Microbiota Profile and Butyrate Levels Syifa Mustika; Nabila Ramadhani; Novita Apramadha Kartika Sari; Dian Handayani; Dewi Santosaningsih
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.08

Abstract

Dysbiosis, marked by a decline in Firmicutes (such as Clostridium spp.) and a rise in Proteobacteria (such as Escherichia coli), is recognized as a pathway linked to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). High-fat food may influence the development of NAFLD. This study investigates the effect of different high-fat diets on gut microbiota composition and butyrate levels in a rat model. Four groups of Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar (n=27) were fed specific diets for 12 weeks: normal diet (ND, n=7), high-fat diet (HFD, n=6), western diet (WD, n=7), and high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFHFD, n=7). Stools were cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) for Escherichia coli and Forget Fredette Agar (FFA) for Clostridium spp. Colonies were counted using Total Plate Count (TPC), and butyrate levels were measured with gas chromatography. Liver histology was assessed with the NAFLD activity score (NAS). Gut microbiota were analyzed using Crosstab and Chi-Square tests, and butyrate levels with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Butyrate levels decreased in NAFLD-inducing diet groups (HFD, WD, HFHFD) compared to ND (p=0.021). Escherichia coli colony counts were significantly higher in NAFLD-inducing diet groups (p=0.048), while Clostridium spp. counts were higher in ND (p=0.001). Liver histological changes, particularly in the WD group, resembled NAFLD. These findings imply that different high-fat diets can alter the gut microbiome, potentially influencing NAFLD development.
Correlation of Short Chain Fatty Acid Levels in Patients Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Obesity Mustika, Syifa; Safira, Zahra; Rosandi, Rulli; ., Supriono; Wibowo, Bogi Pratomo; Muthiah, Mark
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 26, No 1 (2025): VOLUME 26, NUMBER 1, April, 2025
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/261202528-35

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Background: NAFLD has the potential to develop into severe diseases like NASH and cirrhosis and is often linked to obesity, although it can also occur in non-obese individuals, complicating diagnosis. SCFAs, produced by intestinal bacteria through the fermentation of dietary fibers, are essential for metabolic health and may influence liver fat and weight regulation. The purpose of this study was to explore the connection between SCFA levels and the severity of NAFLD, including liver fibrosis, in individuals both with and without obesity.Methods: A cross-sectional investigation of 16 NAFLD patients with obesity and 11 without, with stool samples analyzed for SCFA via gas chromatography. Obesity was defined by abdominal circumference. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation, Eta’s correlation, and Pearson’s test.Results: Levels of SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, and acetate, were significantly correlated in both obese and non-obese individuals diagnosed with NAFLD (r=0.618, p=0.001; p=0.019; p=0.037; p=0.012). Obesity was found to be positively associated with the severity of NAFLD (r=0.582, p=0.001). However, obesity did not exhibit a statistically significant connection with liver fibrosis (p = 0.351).Conclusion: Obese NAFLD patients exhibited decreased SCFA levels compared to non-obese individuals. Central obesity was linked to NAFLD severity but not fibrosis progression. SCFAs and obesity are crucial in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.Keywords: Central obesity, gut microbiota, NAFLD, SCFA
Approach to Patients with Increased Liver Biochemical and Function Tests : A Literature Review Mustika, Syifa; Gersom, Camoya; Kongkam, Pradermchai
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 26, No 1 (2025): VOLUME 26, NUMBER 1, April, 2025
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/261202559-67

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This review article provides a comprehensive examination of liver injury patterns, specifically focusing on hepatocellular and cholestatic patterns, and their respective diagnostic approaches. It highlights the importance of differentiating between these patterns through detailed clinical evaluations and the use of specific liver enzymes, including aminotransferases, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, 5'-nucleotidase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The review further explores liver function tests, such as albumin and prothrombin time, which are crucial in assessing liver function and guiding clinical management. A wide range of liver diseases is discussed, with a focus on those exhibiting hepatocellular patterns, such as viral hepatitis, acute liver failure, fatty liver disease (both alcoholic and non-alcoholic), and drug-induced liver injury (DILI), as well as other conditions like ischemic and autoimmune hepatitis. Cholestatic illnesses such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), bile duct blockages, and genetic cholestatic syndromes are also investigated. This study seeks to improve physicians' and researchers' awareness of liver diseases, serve as a valuable resource for future research and teaching, and contribute to the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in hepatology.Keywords : Cholestatic, hepatocellular, liver enzymes, liver functions
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Achmad Rudijanto Adam Adam Ade Rahmawati Affa Kiysa Waafi Amalia, Dinda Amanda C Wowor Anton Komala Arifah, Nina Nur Bayu Eka Nugraha Bogi Pratomo Bogi Pratomo Bogi Pratomo Bogi Pratomo Bogi Pratomo Bogi Pratomo Brahmantyo, Herwindo Pudjo Budi Herlianto Budi Herlianto Budiarto, Andika Agus Caesar Ahmad Tidel Camoya Gersom Charisma Dian Simatupang Daryadijaya, Daya Daya Daryadijaya Dewi Santosaningsih Dewi Santosaningsih Dian Handayani Dian Handayani Dian Handayani Dian Hasanah Diana Jeni H Diana Jeni H, Diana Jeni edy susanto Endang S. Rahayu Erlina B Fachrureza, Mochamad Fachrurrezza, Mochammad Faridah, Amirah Fathoni, Alfan Fildzah Karunia Putri Fiqih Faruz Frinny Sembiring Gatya, Mifta Harijono Achmad Harijono Achmad Harijono Achmad Harijono Ahmad Hartaya, Arsy Hanandya Imroatussholihah, Al Indriyaningrum, Nurria Betty Indriyaningrum, Nurria Betty Jonny K. Fajar Kenty Wantri Anita, Kenty Wantri Komala, Anton Kongkam, Pradermchai Larasati, Putu Anissa Lia Sasmithae Lutfiyanto Nurhidayat M. Farid Rakhman Mariyatun Mariyatun, Mariyatun Marzuki, Mochammad Jalalul Michaela, Cleine Muli Yaman Muthiah, Mark Nabila Ramadhani Nabila, Salsala Sifa Nanik Triana Nasution, Muhammad Imanuddin Nina Nur Arifah Novita Apramadha Kartika Sari Nugraha, Bayu Eka Nugroho, Rama Tiar Nurlaili, Retti Nurria Betty Indriyaningrum Pandu Tridana Sakti, Pandu Tridana Pramesi, Putrika C. Pratista Adi Krisna Prayitno, Tia Rahmi Priyanto, Tia Rahmi Putri, Dinda Amalia Eka Rakhmadhan, Iraky Ramadi Satryo Wicaksono RC Tarigan Renny Tandya Retti Nurlaili Reyhan , Muhammad Rosita, Firdha Ruliana Ruliana Rulli Rosandi Safira, Zahra Sagala, Ida Samichah Samichah Sasmithae, Lia Satiti, Ika Shafira Nurmalita Sholihah, Al Imroatus Sigit Triyus Priyantoro Sigit Triyus Priyantoro, Sigit Triyus Sopacua , Andre Supriono Supriono ., Supriono Supriono Supriono Supriono Supriono Supriono Supriono Susanti, Lia Susanto, Jefri P. Suyoso Suyoso Tarigan, RC Tiar Oktavian Effendi Triana, Nanik Vianty , Liku Wibowo, Bogi Pratomo Wijayanti Saputri, Nur Estu Yuni Rahmawati