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Journal : Paradigma

TELAAH KRITIS TERHADAP TEORI PERKEMBANGAN MORAL LAWRENCE KOHLBERG Siti Rohmah Nurhayati
Paradigma No. 02 Th. I, Juli 2006
Publisher : Paradigma

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Abstract

The theory of moral development from Kohlberg has become a prominent theory and has been widely used to explain individual moral development, as well as a reference in designing the process of moral education. As a theory, Kohlberg’s moral development possesses some strengths as well as weaknesses. Kohlberg divides human moral development into three levels and six phases. Level I is pre-conventional level, consisting of phase 1: Obedience and punishment- anxiety orientation, and phase 2: Egotistical naïve/instrumental hedonism orientation. Level II is conventional level, consisting of phase 3: Good child orientation, and phase 4: Morality of maintaining authority and social regulations. Level III is post-conventional level, consisting of phase 5: Morality of social contract and individual rights, and phase 6: Morality of individual principles and conscience.Kohlberg’s theory constitutes a classical theory of cognitive development, giving an emphasis on integrated characteristic. One strength of Kohlberg’s moral development theory is on the phases of development themselves which make it easier for people to understand moral development. Besides that, this theory shows more on the cross cultural universality compared to other moral development theories.Meanwhile, some notes on the weaknesses of Kohlberg’s theory are: 1)methodologically, the scoring procedure used in this theory is esoteric,subjective, and unstable, thus the results is rather unacceptable for someexperts; 2) it is difficult to prove that there is consistent correlationsbetween Kohlberg’s moral development and one’s moral attitudes. Thetheory proposed by Kohlberg cannot explain about moral excellencebecause its emphasis is on moral rationality and it tends to ignorecharacter and moral features; 3) although it is considered more universal,the definitions of phases and assumptions on which the theory lays arecultural bias and ethnocentric; 4) the moral reasoning phase of Kohlbergcannot be applied equally between men and women; and 5) Kohlberg’schoice towards one philosophical tradition brings about negative impacts,i.e.: (a) a rigid emphasis on law and fairness; (b) a moral concept which islimited to cognitive aspects, yet pays no attention to feelings, attitude andcharacter, and (c) a failure in using phenomenological perspective fromsubjective morality experience.Key words : moral development, Kohlberg’s theory
Co-Authors Ala’i Najib Ali, Sara Mustafa Sayed Amatulah, Dinda Ayu Safira Anisa, Yusti Setya Annisa Reginasari Anshary, Muhammad Ridha Arinurasti Rahma Lestari Aulia, Nida Rivdah Avin Fadilla Helmi Banyu Wicaksono Cania Mutia Cynthia Ayu Oktariza Dewinta Galih Wigati Dwi Talita, Eliyan Dyah Ayu Purwaniningtyas, Dyah Ayu Eka Putri Desy Rahmawati Sholeha Farida Agus Setiawati Farida Harahap Fatonah Istikomah Faturochman Faturochman Fauziyah, Salma Annisa Gayari Jamila Nugrastiti Hamzah Zulfikar Hamzah, Hazalizah Herwin Herwin, Herwin Hidayat, Novi Inta Budi Setya Nusa Istikomah, Fatonah Karsiyati Kartika Nur Fathiyah Kasyfillah, Muhammad Haidarsyah Latifa, Rena Lestari, A. Ayu Karyanci M. Robbani, Taqiyudin M. Mariyani, Devi Najib, Ala’i Ndayambaje, Edmond Nesya Adira Nourmarifa Sari Novi Hidayat Nugroho, Alnico Imam Pralestiningsih, Anik Prasetyo, Juni Nanda Putra, Rahman Pranovri Rahman Pranovri Putra Rahmandaru Fran Adeastra Rahmanisa Murtaja Naswariski Rahmatika Kurnia Romadhani Ramadhanti, Auliya Ramli, Zaskia Andini Rena Latifa Ripai, Ganjar Ahmad Rismarini, Nadya Anjani Rita Eka Izzaty, Rita Eka Rizki Nor Amelia Rosita Endang Kusmaryani Rosita Endang Kusumaryani Salsabila, Hasna Samosir, Chindy Theresia Samsul Ariski Sary, Puspa Sasanty Ratna Gumelar Satiti , Wening Sekar Sheilla Varadhila P Sigit Sanyata Siska Bella Megawati Sitepu, Meilya Anggara S Siti Partini Soleha, Titi Suhariningsih, Utami Susilowati, Hadina Pramesti Diba Taqiyudin M. M. Robbani Tria Widyastuti Ummul, Putri Nur Wijaya, Oeij Stevanus Yulia Ayriza