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All Journal JURNAL PENELITIAN SAINTIKA Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia Jurnal Florea Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Biologi Nukleus Best Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) IJOEP : International Journal of Ecophysiology JURNAL BIOSHELL Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Continuous Education : Journal of Science and Research INVENTION: Journal Research and Education Studies Journal of Learning Improvement and Lesson Study Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan BIO-CONS: Jurnal Biologi dan Konservasi Biodik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi AR-RUMMAN: Journal of Education and Learning Evaluation
Melva Silitonga
Department of Biology, State University of Medan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Literature Study: Cortisol Hormone to DHEA-S Ratio as an Indicator of HPA Axis Activity in Chronic Stress and Insulin Resistance Sinaga, Odor Debora Pita Uli; Gultom, Febry Yeni; Sihite, Judika Adventist Maleakhi; Solin, Naomi Putri Chelsea; Silitonga, Melva
AR-RUMMAN: Journal of Education and Learning Evaluation Vol 2, No 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/arrumman.v2i1.6010

Abstract

Chronic stress can disrupt the regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, causing dysregulation of cortisol secretion and an imbalance in the ratio of cortisol to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), which is implicated in the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Cortisol, as an insulin antagonist, increases hepatic glucose production and reduces peripheral glucose uptake, while DHEA-S has a protective effect on glucose metabolism. This literature review aims to evaluate the evidence related to the role of the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio as a potential biomarker in the relationship between chronic stress and insulin resistance. The method used is a critical synthesis of previous studies on the mechanism of the HPA axis, the impact of stress on glucose metabolism, and the clinical significance of the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio. The results of the analysis indicate that an imbalance in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio due to chronic stress contributes to impaired insulin sensitivity, reinforcing the importance of this biomarker approach in the management of T2DM risk. This study highlights the need for further research to validate the use of the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio as a predictive tool and therapeutic intervention.
Uji Aktivitas Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ketul (Bidens pilosa L.) pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Alkohol Situmorang, Rany; Silitonga, Melva
BIO-CONS : Jurnal Biologi dan Konservasi Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): BIO-CONS: Jurnal Biologi dan Konservasi
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31537/biocons.v7i1.2193

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas hepatoprotektif ekstrak etanol daun ketul (EEDK) Bidens pilosa L yang diukur berdasarkan berat relatif organ, peradangan, dilatasi sinusoid dan vena sentralis hati tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi alkohol. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan masing-masing diberi 5 ulangan. K0 diberi CMC 0,5%, K1 diberi alkohol 30% 10 ml/kgbb, P1,P2 dan P3 adalah kelompok tikus yang diberi alkohol 30% sebanyak 10ml/kgbb dan satu jam setelah pemberian alkohol diberi EEDK 250,500 dan 750 mg/kgbb. Alkohol dan EEDK diberikan secara oral menggunakan sonde lambung selama 43 hari. Pada hari ke 44 tikus ditimbang lalu dibedah, organ hati diangkat perlahan kemudian ditimbang berat organnya. Parameter histologi hati dibuat dengan metode HE (Hematoxylin Eosin) yang diamati pada preparat yaitu peradangan, dilatasi sinusoid dan vena sentralis. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EEDK memiliki aktivitas hepatoprotektif dengan menurunkan berat relatif organ hati yang induksi alkohol secara tidak signifikan (p?0,05). Pengamatan histopatologi hati menunjukkan adanya peradangan pada semua perlakuan kecuali kontrol negatif serta menurunkan jumlah kerusakan secara signifikan (p?0,05) pada dilatasi sinusoid dan diameter vena sentralis.
The Spectrum of Sensory Disorders in Humans: A Review of the Literature Siregar, Suci Asda Mutia; Manalu, Mentari; Sidabutar, Efimah; Pasaribu, Tania Valentina; Silitonga, Melva
Invention: Journal Research and Education Studies Volume 6 Nomor 1 Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. PUSDIKRA MITRA JAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51178/invention.v6i1.2484

Abstract

This literature review aims to explore the spectrum of visual sensory disorders in humans, focusing on major disorders such as cataracts, glaucoma, and anisometropia. This condition is one of the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness globally, especially in developing countries. The study synthesizes findings from recent national and international scientific publications to identify the causes of preventable and unpreventable visual dysfunction. Cataracts, often associated with aging and systemic diseases, remain the most common cause of blindness but can be treated through surgical interventions such as phacoemulsification. Glaucoma, known for its asymptomatic progression, causes irreversible damage to the optic nerve and requires early detection and ongoing treatment. Anisometropia, a refractive disorder that results in different visual inputs between the eyes, poses a risk of amblyopia if not treated early. In addition, the study highlights the increasing incidence of visual impairment due to excessive use of digital devices, especially among children, emphasizing the importance of precautions such as regulated screen time and regular eye check-ups. These findings emphasize the important role of early intervention, public awareness, and access to quality eye care in reducing the burden of visual impairment. The review also underscores the need for policy and research support to improve treatment strategies and maintain visual health in the digital age.
Mekanisme Detoksifikasi: Cara Sistem Ekskresi Melindungi Tubuh dari Racun Batubara, Astrida J.A; Situmorang, Imelda; Nasution, Irma Riavael; Matanari, Ninta Dumaria; Hasanah, Niswatun; Silitonga, Melva
Invention: Journal Research and Education Studies Volume 6 Nomor 1 Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. PUSDIKRA MITRA JAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51178/invention.v6i1.2490

Abstract

Sistem ekskresi manusia memainkan peran krusial dalam detoksifikasi tubuh melalui mekanisme kompleks yang melibatkan organ-organ seperti ginjal, hati, dan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses detoksifikasi sistem ekskresi melalui metode studi literatur sistematis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ginjal menyaring sekitar 180 liter darah per hari untuk mengeliminasi senyawa toksik seperti urea dan kreatinin, sementara hati melakukan detoksifikasi kimiawi melalui dua fase utama yang melibatkan enzim sitokrom P450 dan konjugasi molekul. Kulit juga berkontribusi melalui ekskresi keringat, terutama untuk logam berat. Faktor nutrisi, hidrasi, dan paparan toksin kronis secara signifikan memengaruhi efisiensi detoksifikasi. Temuan ini memiliki implikasi klinis penting, termasuk rekomendasi pemantauan rutin kadar kreatinin dan enzim hati, serta intervensi nutrisi untuk meningkatkan glutation intrahepatik. Studi ini menyoroti perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut tentang peran mikrobiota usus dan dampak penuaan pada kapasitas detoksifikasi.
Mekanisme Neuroplastisitas dalam Pembelajaran dan Pemulihan Fungsi Setelah Cedera Sistem Saraf Pusat: Tinjauan Literatur Komprehensif Purba, Greace Enita; Hutapea, Helen Veronita; Situmeang, Juwita Cristina; Nababan, Novia Christy; Saragi, Shela Estica; Silitonga, Melva
Invention: Journal Research and Education Studies Volume 6 Nomor 1 Maret 2025
Publisher : CV. PUSDIKRA MITRA JAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51178/invention.v6i1.2491

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries such as stroke are a leading cause of global disability (51 million DALYs), with a prevalence in Indonesia reaching 10.9% (GBD, 2019; Riskesdas, 2018). Neuroplasticity through BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity mechanisms (Kowianski et al., 2018) and tDCS-mediated cortical reorganization (Lefaucheur et al., 2022) offers rehabilitation solutions, but their implementation faces challenges due to genetic variability (BDNF Val66Met) and technological access disparities (Siregar et al., 2023). This article aims to: Analyze BDNF-tDCS interactions at molecular and clinical levels.Evaluate the effectiveness of tDCS based on recent evidence (2019–2024).Formulate low-cost implementation strategies for Indonesia.The methodology involves a systematic PRISMA review of 45 studies from PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The analysis includes:  Meta-analysis of tDCS effects on motor recovery (RevMan 5.4). Policy analysis using the WHO framework for essential health technologies. Key findings indicate: BDNF levels >35 ng/mL enhance motor recovery by 2.3x (95% CI: 1.8–3.1; p<0.001). tDCS significantly improves motor function (23.5%, p<0.01), but only in BDNF Val/Val genotypes.Implementation cost: Portable tDCS protocols (Rp500,000/unit) are 90% cheaper than TMS.Integration of BDNF genotype screening, standardized tDCS protocols, and policy advocacy can optimize CNS rehabilitation in Indonesia. This study provides the first evidence-based guide combining neuroscience and health policy.
Aktivitas Protektif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ketul (Bidens pilosa L) terhadap Paru-Paru Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diberi Alkohol Windah, Putri; Silitonga, Melva; Sinaga, Erlintan; Pranoto, Hendro; Pohan, Selvia Dewi
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v13i3.16638

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the protective potential of Bidens pilosa L. leaf ethanol extract against histological damage to the lungs of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) due to alcohol exposure. This study is an experimental research using five treatment groups, consisting of a negative control, a positive control (alcohol), and three groups administered alcohol combined with Bidens pilosa L. leaf ethanol extract (EEDK) at varying doses. The parameters observed include edema, alveolar septum destruction, and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung histology specimens. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by DMRT. The results showed that EEDK administration significantly reduced lung damage, as indicated by a decrease in the average damage score from 43.12 ± 0.18 in the alcohol group to 33.92 ± 1.65 (250 mg/kgBW), 23.32 ± 2.18 (500 mg/kgBW), and 14.88 ± 1.06 (750 mg/kgBW). The reduction in lung damage included improvement in edema, reduction in alveolar septal destruction, and suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration. These findings suggest that ethanol extract of Bidens pilosa L. leaves has potential as a natural protective agent through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, thereby potentially useful for preventing or reducing alcohol-induced lung damage.
Literature Study: Cortisol Hormone to DHEA-S Ratio as an Indicator of HPA Axis Activity in Chronic Stress and Insulin Resistance Sinaga, Odor Debora Pita Uli; Gultom, Febry Yeni; Sihite, Judika Adventist Maleakhi; Solin, Naomi Putri Chelsea; Silitonga, Melva
AR-RUMMAN: Journal of Education and Learning Evaluation Vol 2, No 1 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : CV. Rayyan Dwi Bharata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57235/arrumman.v2i1.6010

Abstract

Chronic stress can disrupt the regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, causing dysregulation of cortisol secretion and an imbalance in the ratio of cortisol to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), which is implicated in the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Cortisol, as an insulin antagonist, increases hepatic glucose production and reduces peripheral glucose uptake, while DHEA-S has a protective effect on glucose metabolism. This literature review aims to evaluate the evidence related to the role of the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio as a potential biomarker in the relationship between chronic stress and insulin resistance. The method used is a critical synthesis of previous studies on the mechanism of the HPA axis, the impact of stress on glucose metabolism, and the clinical significance of the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio. The results of the analysis indicate that an imbalance in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio due to chronic stress contributes to impaired insulin sensitivity, reinforcing the importance of this biomarker approach in the management of T2DM risk. This study highlights the need for further research to validate the use of the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio as a predictive tool and therapeutic intervention.
THE GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF Bidens pilosa L. ETHANOL EXTRACT ON ALCOHOL-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERS IN RATS: A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY Situmorang, Elisa Rauli; Silitonga, Melva; Kurniawan, Rizal Eko
Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Vol 19, No 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v19i3.47890

Abstract

The primary objective of this research was to assess the gastroprotective properties of Bidens pilosa L. leaf ethanol extract by analyzing gastric histopathology in an alcohol-induced ulcer model in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design involving five groups. The rats in K- group received 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), while the rats in the K+ group were given 30% alcohol. Groups P1, P2, and P3 received 30% alcohol combined with ethanol extract of Bidens pilosa at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg BW, respectively. Alcohol was administered orally at a dosage of 10 mL/kg BW for 43 consecutive days. The observed parameters included histopathological features of the gastric tissue, specifically mucosal erosion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and necrosis. The results demonstrated that the extract significantly reduced alcohol induced gastric tissue damage, as indicated by lower erosion scores and inflammatory cell infiltration (P 0.05). Necrosis was not observed in any group, including in the K+ group. In conclusion, Bidens pilosa extract possesses potential gastroprotective properties, likely mediated by anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective mechanisms.
Kemampuan Literasi Digital pada Materi Inovasi Teknologi Biologi Siswa Arda, Gladys Mutia; Hasruddin, Hasruddin; Silitonga, Melva; Daulae, Abdul Hakim
Continuous Education: Journal of Science and Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusdikra Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51178/ce.v6i2.2739

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan literasi digital pada aspek pencarian di internet, pandu arah hypertext, evaluasi konten, dan penyusunan pengetahuan siswa SMA pada mata pelajaran biologi khususnya materi inovasi teknologi biologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh siswa kelas X SMAN 1 Medan yang terdiri dari 12 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling yaitu teknik undian sehingga ditetapkan 2 kelas sebagai sampel penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas X8 dan X10 SMAN 1 Medan yang berjumlah 72 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah tes uraian untuk mendapatkan data literasi digital siswa pada aspek pencarian di internet dan pandu arah hypertext serta angket untuk mendapatkan data literasi digital siswa pada aspek evaluasi konten dan penyusunan pengetahuan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan membuat persentase yang selanjutnya diinterpretasikan berdasarkan kategori persentase skor literasi digital siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi digital siswa pada aspek pencarian di internet (internet searching) termasuk dalam kategori sedang (64,93%), aspek pandu arah hypertext (hypertextual navigation) termasuk dalam kategori sedang (62,78%), aspek evaluasi konten (content evaluation) termasuk dalam kategori tinggi (75,02%), aspek penyusunan pengetahuan (knowledge assembly) termasuk dalam kategori tinggi (77,22%).
Respon Mahasiswa Terhadap Modul Sistem Peredaran Darah Pada Manusia Berbasis Flipbook: (Student Responses to the Flipbook-Based Human Circulatory System Module) Frisillia, Unikhe; Sianturi, Stephanie Agustin; Tarigan, Cania Yekholia; Witin, Theresia Adhellia; Afdhannisa, Daffa; Rosmanta Aritonang, Frince Winda; Silitonga, Melva
BIODIK Vol. 10 No. 4 (2024): Desember 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/biodik.v10i4.38714

Abstract

This study aims to determine how students respond to the use of flipbook modules in Human Anatomy and Physiology courses on the material of the human circulatory system. Flipbook-based modules use animation, sound, and images to communicate information dynamically that increases student engagement and understanding. This study involved 50 Biology Department students from the 2022 batch. A 4-point Likert-based questionnaire was used to collect data, and the questionnaire contained questions about the clarity of the module's objectives, understanding of the content, attractiveness, and learning independence. The results showed that 79% of students found the module material easy to understand, and 76% found it interesting and interactive. Although this module is effective overall, there are several things that need to be considered, including the way the content is delivered and elements that encourage students to learn independently. Therefore, the flipbook module has proven to be practical for use in education, although it still needs improvement to get better results. Absrtak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana respon mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan modul flipbook dalam mata kuliah Anatomi dan Fisiologi Manusia pada materi sistem peredaran  darah  pada  manusia.  Modul  berbasis  flipbook menggunakan   animasi,   suara,   dan   gambar   untuk mengomunikasikan informasi secara dinamis yang meningkatkan keterlibatan dan pemahaman mahasiswa. Penelitian ini melibatkan 50 mahasiswa Jurusan Biologi dari stambuk 2022. Kuesioner berbasis Likert 4 poin digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data, dan kuesioner tersebut berisi pertanyaan tentang kejelasan tujuan modul, pemahaman konten, daya tarik, dan kemandirian belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 79% mahasiswa menganggap materi modul mudah dipahami, dan 76% menganggapnya menarik dan interaktif. Meskipun modul ini secara keseluruhan efektif, ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan, termasuk cara penyampaian konten dan elemen yang mendorong siswa untuk belajar secara mandiri. Oleh karena itu, modul flipbook terbukti praktis untuk digunakan dalam pendidikan,  meskipun  masih  perlu  penyempurnaan  untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik.
Co-Authors Abdila, Alya Nur Afdhannisa, Daffa Amanda, Putri anliana Apriliani, Indah Rizka Arda, Gladys Mutia Ayu Putri Ningsih Ayu Wulandari Azhari, Nabilah Syahirah Batubara, Astrida J.A Binari Manurung, Binari Br Barus, Sari Apriani Daulae, Abdul Hakim Fauziyah Harahap Frisillia, Unikhe Ginting, Aminata Gultom, Febry Yeni Gultom, Novayanti Hariyadi, Itra Hasruddin Hutapea, Helen Veronita Karinanta Sembiring, Surya Kurniawan, Rizal Eko Limbong, Forentina Manalu, Mentari Matanari, Ninta Dumaria Muhammad Azhari Nababan, Novia Christy Nainggolan, Junister Nasution, Irma Riavael Nasution, Marina Azzahra Naura Kamila, Aryediutami Niswatun Hasanah Nora, Putri Panguhutan Sitorus, Henry Pardede, Lastiar H Pasar Maulim Silitonga Pasaribu, Tania Valentina Patresia, Indri Pranoto, Hendro Pribadi, Koko Purba, Greace Enita Rajagukguk, Nia Anggelina RISKA WAHYUNI Rosmanta Aritonang, Frince Winda Rumapea, Lusiana Ruth Susanty, Revi Saif, Annisa Hazrina Saragi, Shela Estica Selvia Dewi Pohan Sembiring, Gres Anjelia Sianturi, Stephanie Agustin Sidabutar, Efimah Sihite, Judika Adventist Maleakhi Sinaga, Erlintan Sinaga, Odor Debora Pita Uli Siregar, Suci Asda Mutia Sitohang, Mohonia Sabarito Sitohang, Odelia Nova Maria Br. Situmeang, Juwita Cristina Situmorang, Berri Situmorang, Elisa Rauli Situmorang, Imelda Situmorang, Rany Solin, Naomi Putri Chelsea Sumbayak, Mika Canthika Amelia Suriwahyuni Suryani, Cicik Syahmi Edi Tambunan, Diana Putri K Tarigan, Cania Yekholia Ujung, Siti Nuraisah A Windah, Putri Witin, Theresia Adhellia