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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi Indonesian Journal of STEM Education Indonesian Journal of Education and Community Services Indonesian Journal of Elementary and Childhood Education Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Indonesian Journal of Teacher Education Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Educational Technology
Gunawan Gunawan
University of Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Mathematics Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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The Effectiveness of Virtual Laboratories in Enhancing Students' Science Process Skills: A Literature Review Fadillah Deswita Sari; Hayatun Novi Aulia; Lindawati Lindawati; Gunawan Gunawan; Nina Nisrina
Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67434/ijast.v7i1.2521

Abstract

Virtual laboratories have emerged as a prominent technological intervention in science education. However, a comprehensive synthesis that systematically analyzes their effectiveness across diverse science process skills (SPS) indicators and educational levels remains limited. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of virtual laboratories in enhancing students' SPS through a systematic literature review. Data were compiled from 16 national and international peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. The articles were selected based on rigorous inclusion criteria regarding relevance to virtual laboratory interventions and SPS measurements. A qualitative descriptive approach utilizing thematic synthesis was employed to analyze patterns and key findings across the selected literature. The findings demonstrate that virtual laboratories consistently improve various SPS indicators, particularly observing, classifying, predicting, data interpreting, and concluding. Moreover, their efficacy is significantly maximized when integrated with inquiry-based instructional designs, such as guided inquiry and discovery learning. Beyond serving as a practical alternative, virtual laboratories offer critical flexibility, efficiency, and accessibility, functioning as an essential complement to conventional hands-on laboratories in modern science education.
Student Motivation and Learning Interest in Virtual Laboratory-Based Instruction: A Literature Study (2016–2025) Tiara Dwi Saiva; M Fadhil Khairullah; Siti Nurlali; Gunawan Gunawan; Nina Nisrina
Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67434/ijast.v7i1.2532

Abstract

Virtual laboratory-based learning is rapidly expanding to overcome practical facility limitations and meet technological demands. Although its effectiveness is widely researched, most studies focus on cognitive aspects, leaving comprehensive syntheses regarding its impact on student motivation and interest limited. This literature review aims to analyze this influence thoroughly. Selecting 7 credible scientific articles from 2016–2025, the study utilizes content analysis and thematic synthesis to identify finding patterns. Results demonstrate that virtual laboratories consistently boost student motivation and interest through three key aspects: interactive visuals enhancing engagement, flexible access supporting independent learning, and simulation experiences fostering curiosity. This effectiveness depends heavily on instructional design and teachers' pedagogical integration of technology. In conclusion, virtual laboratories serve not only as a facility alternative but also as a strategic medium to enhance students' affective domain, offering conceptual contributions to technology-based learning development focused on student engagement and experience.
The Use of Phet Simulations to Improve High School Students’ Understanding of Physics Concepts: A Systematic Literature Review Maria Anastasia Da Lopez; Ziadatun Nikmatillah; Alia Cahyani; Gunawan Gunawan; Nina Nisrina
Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Edisi Juli-Desember 2023
Publisher : Indonesian

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Abstract

The use of technology-based learning media, particularly PhET (Physics Education Technology) simulations, is widely adopted in high school physics education. PhET provides interactive simulations capable of visualizing abstract physics concepts, thereby facilitating a better understanding of the material for students. Various studies indicate that the integration of PhET can enhance conceptual understanding, learning outcomes, and student engagement in the learning process. This study aims to analyze research trends regarding the use of PhET in improving high school physics conceptual understanding during the 2014–2023 period, providing a comprehensive overview of literature development over the past decade through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were gathered from relevant academic databases and analyzed to identify the growth in publication numbers, author collaboration patterns, and dominant research topics. The results show a steady increase in PhET-related publications over the years. Frequently researched topics include conceptual understanding, learning outcomes, critical thinking skills, and technology-based learning. Furthermore, PhET has proven effective in helping students grasp complex physics concepts through interactive visualization. In conclusion, research on PhET displays an upward trend and contributes positively to improving the quality of physics education at the senior high school level. This study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for developing innovative and effective learning media
Problem Based Learning With Multimodal on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Work and Energy: A Systematic Literature Review Tiara Dwi Saiva; Yasfi Ismayani; Gunawan Gunawan
Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Edisi Januari-Juni 2023
Publisher : Indonesian

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Abstract

Critical thinking is an essential 21st-century skill in physics learning, particularly for the abstract topic of work and energy. This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of multimodal-based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing students' critical thinking skills. A qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted using studies from Google Scholar, Garuda, SINTA, and Scopus. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven studies published between 2014 and 2023 were analyzed. The findings indicate that multimodal-based PBL improves critical thinking by supporting conceptual understanding through multiple representations, such as interactive multimedia, PhET simulations, videos, digital worksheets, and e-modules. Integrating multimodal resources with authentic problem-solving activities enhances students' analytical reasoning, evaluation, scientific argumentation, and problem-solving skills. Overall, multimodal-based PBL is an effective instructional approach for developing critical thinking skills in physics learning.  
Trends and Implementation of Virtual Laboratories in Fostering Thinking Skills in Higher Education: An Integrative Review Gunawan Gunawan; Baiq Nabila Saufika Zainuri; Fahmi Yahya
Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Edisi Juli-Desember 2022
Publisher : Indonesian

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Abstract

Digital transformation in higher education has triggered the repositioning of virtual laboratories as strategic instruments to support 21st-century competencies. This integrative review aims to map the developmental trends of virtual laboratory technology and its implementation patterns in stimulating university students' higher-order thinking skills (critical thinking, creative thinking, and problem-solving). Through a critical synthesis of the empirical literature, a distinct media migration trend was identified, evolving from linear interactive two-dimensional (2D) desktop simulations at the beginning of the decade toward immersive three-dimensional (3D) technologies, Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and cloud computing ecosystems by the end of the decade. Empirical evidence indicates that the implementation of virtual laboratories effectively stimulates thinking skills by providing a risk-free learning environment and real-time parameter manipulation features. However, this review highlights critical academic debates regarding extraneous cognitive overload and the potential distortion of scientific reality caused by overly idealized simulation data. Optimal effectiveness is achieved when virtual laboratories are integrated via a blended learning model to serve as a pre-practicum bridge. This review offers substantial implications for lecturers and instructional designers in aligning simulation technology with active learning syntaxes in higher education.
Integrasi Laboratorium Virtual dalam Perkuliahan LPTK: Membangun Kompetensi TPACK Calon Guru Sains Gunawan Gunawan; Baiq Nabila Saufika Zainuri
Indonesian Journal of Teacher Education Vol. 3 No. 4 (2022): Edisi Desember 2022
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

Digital transformation in Teacher Training Institutions (LPTK) demands the preparation of pre-service science teachers who master Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). This integrative review aims to analyze the developmental trends of virtual laboratory technology and formulate strategies for its enhancement in building the TPACK competency dimensions of pre-service science teachers. Following the PRISMA protocol, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across Scopus, DOAJ, Crossref, and Google Scholar databases. The results of the thematic synthesis indicate that the evolution of virtual laboratory technology shapes Technological Knowledge (TK), while real-time data visualization strengthens the Content Knowledge (CK) of pre-service teachers. Furthermore, open-ended sandbox environment designs stimulate Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) through the formulation of systematic scaffolding to address students' diverse initial academic abilities. Holistic TPACK integration is achieved when simulation technology is synergized into a blended learning model as a cognitive-friendly pre-practicum bridge. This review offers substantial implications for LPTK lecturers in designing digital practicum curricula capable of mitigating extraneous cognitive load.
Melatih Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Kelas X Melalui Model Project-Based Learning dengan Pendekatan STEM Ulfa Alfiana; Gunawan Gunawan; Wahyudi Wahyudi; Zulkipli Hamdani
Indonesian Journal of Education and Community Services Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

This activity was conducted to introduce and implement a STEM-integrated Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model to enhance the creative thinking skills of tenth-grade students. The activity took place at SMA Negeri 1 Lingsar. The implementation was motivated by the school’s need to strengthen 21st-century skills, particularly creativity, collaboration, communication, and problem-solving, through interactive and challenging learning experiences that utilize diverse learning resources. The focus of the activity was directed toward the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) through various modes of presentation, such as text, images, audio, and video, designed to support systematic and creative problem-solving processes. The stages of the activity included the introduction of the STEM-integrated PjBL concept, project planning, implementation of projects based on contextual problems, and the presentation and reflection of students’ work. The results indicated that both teachers and students responded positively to this approach. STEM-integrated project-based learning encouraged students to become more active, creative, and   collaborative, while also helping them develop a deeper understanding of physics concepts   through meaningful learning experiences. Overall, this activity recommends STEM-integrated PjBL as an effective alternative strategy for physics instruction to foster students’ creative thinking skills at the senior high school level.
Melatih Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika melalui Penerapan Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Video pada Materi Fluida Statis di SMA Negeri 2 Mataram Thufail Mujaddid Al-Qoyyim; Gunawan Gunawan; Wahyudi Wahyudi; Aris Doyan
Indonesian Journal of Education and Community Services Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67434/ijecs.v6i1.2038

Abstract

This community service program aimed to train students’ physics problem-solving skills through the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) supported by instructional videos on the topic of static fluids. The activity was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Mataram involving eleventh-grade students. The program applied an implementative–participatory approach using a one-group pretest–posttest design. Students’ problem-solving skills were assessed based on four indicators adapted from Polya (1973): understanding the problem, planning a strategy, executing the strategy, and evaluating the solution. The results showed a significant improvement in all indicators after the implementation of PBL. The most substantial increase occurred in the indicators of planning and executing strategies, while the evaluation indicator, although improved, still requires further reinforcement. The integration of contextual videos at the problem orientation stage enhanced students’ conceptual understanding and engagement in the learning process. Overall, this community service activity effectively strengthened students’ systematic and reflective thinking skills in solving physics problems.
Pendampingan Pemanfaatan Laboratorium Virtual PhET Energy Skate Park pada Pembelajaran Fisika Kelas X di MAN 1 Mataram Hayatun Novi Aulia; Fadillah Deswita Sari; Lindawati Lindawati; Gunawan Gunawan; Nina Nisrina
Indonesian Journal of Education and Community Services Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67434/ijecs.v6i1.2561

Abstract

Physics learning is often considered difficult by students because it contains many abstract concepts and complex formulas, especially in the topic of work and energy. One effort to help students understand these concepts is through the utilization of virtual laboratories based on PhET (Physics Education Technology) interactive simulations. This community service activity aimed to assist tenth-grade students of MAN 1 Mataram in utilizing the PhET Energy Skate Park virtual laboratory in physics learning. The method used was learning assistance through group discussions supported by student worksheets (LKPD) based on virtual simulations. The activity began with an introduction to the PhET simulation, followed by virtual practicum activities using LKPD and evaluation through observation of student activities and group discussion results. The results showed that students were able to use the PhET simulation effectively and demonstrated high enthusiasm throughout the learning process. The virtual simulation helped students understand the relationship between kinetic energy, potential energy, and mechanical energy through interactive visualization. In addition, the activity increased student engagement in group discussions and learning activities. Therefore, the utilization of the PhET Energy Skate Park virtual laboratory can serve as an effective alternative learning medium to support physics learning on the topic of work and energy.
Pelatihan Pembelajaran Inovatif Bagi Guru untuk Mewujudkan Peserta Didik Yang Cerdas, Sehat, dan Bahagia Gunawan Gunawan; Ni Made Yeni Suranti; Hamsu Kadriyan; Qothrunnada Qothrunnada; Baiq Nabila Saufika Zainuri
Indonesian Journal of Education and Community Services Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.67434/ijecs.v6i1.2575

Abstract

Teachers are instrumental in advancing 21st-century education and implementing Indonesia's Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes the integration of cognitive development, mental resilience, and a positive learning environment. However, teachers in Alas District, Sumbawa Regency, continue to face challenges in designing innovative learning that promotes Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and mental health literacy. This community service program aimed to enhance teachers' understanding and practical competencies in implementing innovative learning grounded in mental health literacy. The program was conducted offline through the University of Mataram's Mental Health Literacy Research Product Dissemination Program and involved 60 teachers from early childhood, primary, junior secondary, and senior secondary education levels. The implementation consisted of coordination, training sessions (lectures, discussions, sharing sessions, and a Kahoot-based quiz), and observation-based evaluation. The findings revealed high participant engagement and enthusiasm while fostering a collaborative forum for exchanging best teaching practices to support students' cognitive development, mental well-being, and overall happiness.
Co-Authors Ahmad Fauzi Ahmad Harjono Alia Cahyani Alifkha Bagus Sandhiyana Almira Erika Putri Alpina Pebrianti Aris Doyan As Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy Astini, Baik Nilawati Aulia Aulia Baiq Amlin Apriliani Baiq Anisya Nelahi Purnadya Baiq Nabila Saufika Zainuri Baiq Nabila Saufika Zainuri Baiq Oriza Januarlinda Bayu Septiawan Bq. Roswin Tiarti Sari Erin Ryantin Gunawan Fadillah Deswita Sari Fahmi Yahya Filsa Era Sativa Gesti Maharani Gian Aphrodita Emawa Hamsu Kadriyan Handini Handini Hayatun Novi Aulia Heni Yulianti Ida Ayu Widhiantari Khairullah, Muhammad Fadhil Khalila Humairo Ramadhani Kosim Kosim Lalu Azikri Amrullah Lindawati Lindawati Lovy Herayanti Lutfiatussolihah Lutfiatussolihah M Fadhil Khairullah Maria Anastasia Da Lopez Muh Yustiar Arrohman Muh. Makhrus Murad Murad Nabila Khaerunnisa Nayumi Warta Nabila Ni Ketut Anggriani Ni Made Yeni Suranti Nilawati Nilawati Nina Nisrina Nurul Asmaya Fitria Hasanah Paramita Putri Apriyani Prelia Dwi Amanah Qothrunnada Qothrunnada Qothrunnada Qothrunnada Rindi Sartika Dwi Oktari Robiatul Adawiah Satutik Rahayu Shelliana Iqlima Silviatul Wardiana Siti Nurlali Sri Aliyah St. Hajar Suhaebatul Faoziyah Sukmawaty Sukmawaty Sura Juddin Thufail Mujaddid Al-Qoyyim Tiara Dwi Saiva Ulfa Alfiana Wahyudi Wahyudi Winda Pratiwi Windy Zaerani Yasfi Ismayani Ziadatun Nikmatillah Zulkipli Hamdani