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All Journal Journal of Economic Education Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Journal of Dedicators Community Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Jurnal Medika Malahayati Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia JFM (Jurnal Farmasi Malahayati) Jurnal Pengabdian Farmasi Malahayati (JPFM) Jurnal Analis Farmasi Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Jurnal EduHealth Juwara : Jurnal Wawasan dan Aksara Sibatik Journal : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan JAF (Jurnal Analis Farmasi) Jurnal PRIMED:Primary Education Journal atau Jurnal Ke-SD An Balance : Jurnal Akuntansi dan Manajemen Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research At-Tuhfah : Jurnal Studi Keislaman Journal of Economics and Management Scienties Jurnal Sains Student Research Ghaitsa: Islamic Education Journal JOURNAL OF Pharmacy and Tropical Issues Analit: Analytical And Environmental Chemistry
Tutik Tutik
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOREJO
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Journal : Jurnal EduHealth

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Effect of Phenolic Levels on the Activity of Bacteria Propionibacterium Acnes in Cassava Extract Ointment Preparations Manihot Esculenta Zaila, Nor; Tutik, Tutik; Octonaris, Vito Zhafran
Jurnal EduHealth Vol. 17 No. 01 (2026): Jurnal EduHealt, January-March 2026
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

Cassava peel is an abundant agricultural by-product that contains bioactive secondary metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of phenolic content on the antibacterial activity of cassava peel extract formulated as a topical ointment against Propionibacterium acnes. Cassava peel was extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol and formulated into ointments at three extract concentrations, namely 2% (FI), 4% (FII), and 6% (FIII). Phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method with UV–Vis spectrophotometry, while antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. The extraction process produced a yield of 12.52% and phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Phenolic content increased with extract concentration, with values of 0.74 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g for FI, 1.15 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g for FII, and 1.36 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g for FIII. All ointment formulations met physical quality requirements, including homogeneity, acceptable pH range, spreadability, adhesion, and consistent organoleptic properties. Antibacterial testing showed that all formulations exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The largest inhibition zone was observed in FI at 16.33 ± 2.56 mm, followed by FII at 12.00 ± 1.81 mm and FIII at 11.50 ± 2.64 mm. The negative control showed no antibacterial activity, confirming that inhibition was attributed to the cassava peel extract. Statistical analysis indicated a significant effect of phenolic content on antibacterial activity (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that cassava peel extract ointment has strong antibacterial potential against Propionibacterium acnes, and that antibacterial effectiveness is influenced not only by phenolic content but also by formulation characteristics affecting compound diffusion. The ointment shows promise as a natural topical antibacterial candidate for acne treatment.
Co-Authors - Kardoyo Agus Hermanto Ahmad Mansur Alfi Lestari, Alfi Amanda, Sephia Putri Amin Pujiati Anggraini, Septi Ayu Astuti, Wella Aulia, Tasya Luthfia Awwalina Alfi Ainurrahmi, ‘Asy'fa Azzahra, Maharani Fathiya Cantika, Maria Tri Dewi Chusniasih Diana Putri Dwi Rahmayani, Dwi Dwi Susanti Eka Putra, Ari Subekti Eka Putra, Ari Subki Fafurida Fafurida Fitriyanti, Desi Huda, M. Tanwirul Istanti, Fredianaika Istiqomah, Nabila Krisnatalia, Heni Marcelia, Selvi Marcellia, Selvi Mastuti Widianingsih, Mastuti Mentari, Chelsea Cidera MOHAMMAD TSAQIBUL FIKRI Mutiara, Mutiara Oktarima Nihayah, Annis Nurfitriana Nina Mistriani Ningsih, Ni Nyoman setia Nofita, Nofita Octavia, Selvia Octonaris, Vito Zhafran Oktarima, Mutiara Oktiyaningrum, Ike Pangestika, Maulida Dewi Prameswari, Nabilla Minerva Pratama, Calvin Kurnia Primadiamanti, Annisa Putri Amalia Putri Handayani Putri, Melita Regina Putri, Rizka Amaliah Putri, Salma Gustia Rachman, Mohammad Aulia Radho Al Kausar Rai Saputri, Gusti Ayu Ramadhan, Dimas Ray Octafian Reikha Habibah Yusfi Rinatha, Elsha Riyanti, Gina Rosita Ambarwati Saddam Husein, Saddam Safitri, Mariska Mulya Salsabilla, Anantha Saputri, Gusti Ayu Rai Saraya, Novita Sari, Jeny Puspita Sari, Septi Widya Satato, Y.R Savero, M. Aldo Septilia, Riska Setiawan, Muhammad Arif Setiya, Kusumaningtiyas Putra Seto, Deni Gagat Sofyan, Shefira Solichoel, Solichoel Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti Syafitri, Shela Syahputri, Alivia Dela Talakua, Jeane Fransina Diana Trisna, Herman Ulfa Ulfa Ulfa, Ade Maria Umri, Ulfa Nafila Veriyanti, Kirana Nadia Wibowo, Fiko Bradi Winahyu, Diah Astika Wiranata, Neisca Zahro, Hervika Amalia Zaila, Nor