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All Journal Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences BULETIN OSEANOGRAFI MARINA Saintek Perikanan : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology Journal of Marine Research International Journal of Marine and Aquatic Resource Conservation and Co-existence Jurnal Kelautan Tropis JURNAL ENGGANO Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Marine Research in Indonesia Jurnal Mangifera Edu Barakuda 45 IPTEKIN : Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan dan Inovasi

Ita Widowati

Faculty Of Fisheries And Marine Science, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH. UNDIP, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia

Author-ID : 416319

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science Other

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Histologi Gonad Kerang Totok Polymesoda erosa (Bivalvia : Corbiculidae) dari Laguna Segara Anakan, Cilacap Retno Hartati; Ita Widowati; Yoki Ristadi
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 10, No 3 (2005): Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Kerang Totok (Polymesoda erosa) merupakan jenis bivalvia yang banyak ditemukan di kawasan hutan mangrove di Segara Anakan, Cilacap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur gonad kerang totok pada beberapa tingkat kematangan gonad melalui studi histologis. Enampuluh sampel kerang totok diambil dari Pulau Gombol, Laguna Segara Anakan, Cilacap, selama bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2002 untuk diamati gonadnya secara makroskopis dan histologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada sampel kerang jantan dan betina ditemukan tiga tingkat kematangan gonad dan stadia gonad yang Belum dapat diidentifikasi jenis kelaminnya. Diameter oosit meningkat sejalan dengan tingkat kematangan gonadnya dengan kisaran 38 – 100 μm. Diameteroosit rata-rata pada tigkat kematangan gonad I, II dan III berturut-turut adalah 58,8 μm; 66,4 μm and 77,2 μm.Kata kunci : Histologi, gonad, tingkat kematangan gonad, Polymesoda erosaMangrove clam, Polymesoda erosa is an economically valuable bivalvia species which is commonly consumed and has a potential to be cultured in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to understand gonad structure ofthe clams at different gonad maturity stages by histologycal study. The samples were taken monthly on May to August 2002 at Gombol iskand of Laguna Segara Anakan, Cilacap. Sixty samples were used examinevisually for gonad maturity and then were studied histologically. The results of present works revealed that there were 3 gonad maturity stage of the samples both at female and male samples as well as unidentifiedsex samples. Diameter of oocytes increased following the maturity of the gonad. The rage of diameter oocytes wer 38 – 100 μm. Average diameter of oocyte during gonad maturity stage 1, 2 and 3 were 58,8 μm; 66,4 μm and 77,2 μm respectively.Key words : Histology, gonad, maturity stage, Polymesoda erosa

Growth of Mangrove crab Scylla Serrata The Given Different Types of Feed (Pertumbuhan Kepiting Bakau Scylla Serrata Yang Diberi Berbagai Jenis Pakan) Djoko Suprapto; Ita Widowati; Ervia Yudiati; Subandiyono Subandiyono
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 19, No 4 (2014): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Meningkatnya permintaan kepiting untuk ekspor terutama disebabkan kelezatan dan kandungan gizi dagingnya. Namun pada umumnya masih berasal dari hasil tangkapan dari alam, oleh karenanya peningkatan teknologi budidaya sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kelamin, jenis pakan dan metode pembesaran terhadap pertumbuhan kepiting.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental, dalam menganalisis pengaruh variable menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial 2x2x3. Laju pertumbuhan mutlak dan pertambahan berat diukur setiap minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepiting jantan dipelihara secara individu dengan pakan ikan mempunyai pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi yaitu 1,07 g.hari-1 dan pertambahan berat (weight gain) tertinggi pula yaitu 84,73%. Pemeliharaan massal, kepiting betina dengan pakan ikan rucah memiliki laju pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi yaitu 0,80 g.hari-1. Sedangkan weight gain tertinggi diperoleh pada kepiting jantan yang diberi pakan ikan yaitu 52,03%. Anova tes menunjukkan pengaruh jenis kelamin dan interaksinya berbeda nyata. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan kepiting dengan pakan ikan rucah lebih tinggi dibandingkan kepiting dengan pakan kerang dan campuran dari ikan dan kerang. Kepiting jantan yang dipelihara secara individu diberi pakan ikan rucah tumbuh lebih baik dibandingkan kepiting betina. Pertumbuhan Kepiting betina yang dipelihara secara massal dan diberi pakan ikan rucah memiliki peertumbuhan paling tinggi. Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, jenis kelamin, pakan alami, Scylla serrata, wadah pemeliharaan The increase of the export demand of crabs (Scylla serrata), among others caused by the good taste and have a very high nutrition value, but most of the crab still collected by fishing of natural stock. Therefore, technology of crabs culture should be enhanced. This research was aiming to understand the influence of sexual, feeding regime, environmental factors to the growth rate. This research was conducted experimentally using the randomized block design with factorial pattern 2x2x3. The growth rate and weight gain were measured weekly. The results show that male crab reared in individual aquarium fed by mixed fish revealed the quickest ultimate growth rate i.e. 1.07 g.day-1, as well as achieving the highest weight gain i.e. 84.73%. While in mass rearing method, female crab fed by mixed fish achieved the highest ultimate growth rate ie. 0.8 g.day-1, and the highest weight gain achieved in male crab fed by mixed fish i.e. 52.03%. Anova test reveal that sexual factor and it’s interaction was significantly different. The research conclude that the growth of the crab fed by mixed fish was higher than those fed by bivalve meat or combination of mixed fish with bivalve meat; male crab reared individually and fed with mixed fish revealed has higher growth rate then the female crab; and the growth rate of female crab reared in a mass and fed by mixed fish revealed the highest growth rate. Keywords : growth, sexual, natural feed, Scylla serrata, rearing media

Kandungan Senyawa Beta Karoten pada Spirulina platensis dengan Perlakuan Perbedaan Lama Waktu Pencahayaan Triana Hanani; Ita Widowati; AB Susanto
Buletin Oseanografi Marina Vol 9, No 1 (2020): Buletin Oseanografi Marina
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Spirulina platensis merupakan salah satu mikroalga yang mengandung pigmen beta karoten. Beta karoten memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan dan antikanker. Pertumbuhan mikroalga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor lingkungan, salah satunya adalah cahaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lama waktu pencahayaan yang baik untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan produksi pigmen beta karoten pada S. platensis.Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratoris. Mikroalga S. platensis dikultivasi dengan dua perlakuan lama waktu pencahayaan yang berbeda yaitu A: 24 jam Terang dan 0 jam Gelap (24T,0G); dan B: 12 jam Terang dan 12 jam Gelap (12T, 12G). Pertumbuhan sel S. platensis diamati selama 11x24 jam kemudian dipanen. Biomassa basah hasil kultivasi dikeringkan agar mendapat biomassa kering yang akan diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana. Ekstrak n-heksana S. platensis kemudian dianalisis kandungan pigmen beta karotennya secara spektrofotometrik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perbedaan lama waktu pencahayaan tidakberpengaruh secara nyata terhadap pertumbuhan sel dan kandungan pigmen beta karoten pada S. platensis. Pertumbuhan sel S. platensis dan kandungan beta karoten tertinggi dihasilkan oleh S. platensis yang dikultur pada pencahayaan 24 Terang dan 0 jam gelap (perlakuan A), yaitu berturut-turut 177,62 x 103 sel/mldan0,00183 µg/g. Spirulina platensis is a microalga containing beta carotene pigment. Beta carotene has the benefit of being antioxidants and anticancer. Various environmental factors influence microalgae growth; one of them is light. The purpose of this research is to determine the best lighting duration to optimize the growth and production of beta carotene pigments in S. platensis. The method used in this research was a laboratory experiment. S. platensis was cultivated with two different lighting duration treatments, i.e.A: 24 hours light, 0-hour dark (24T, 0G), and B: 12 hours light, 12 hours dark (12T, 12G). The growth of S. platensis was observed for 11x24 hours and then harvested. The biomass of S. plantesis was then dried and extracted using n-hexane and analyzed for its beta carotene pigment content spectrophotometrically. The result showed that lighting duration treatment had an insignificant effect on cell growth and beta carotene content ofS.platensis. The optimum growth and beta carotene concentration were optimally achieved by S. platensis cell cultivated in 24 hours light and 0 hours dark, i.e. 177,62 x 103 cell/mL, 0,00183 µg/g respectively.

Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dan Kromium (Cr) Pada Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) Di Perairan Morosari, Sayung, Kabupaten Demak Fadhel Muhammad Juharna; Ita Widowati; Hadi Endrawati
Buletin Oseanografi Marina Vol 11, No 2 (2022): Buletin Oseanografi Marina
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/buloma.v11i2.41617

Logam berat merupakan kelompok unsur logam yang memiliki berat jenis ≥ 5gr/cm3. Sifatnya yang mudah mengendap dan mudah tertransportasikan menyebabkan biota termasuk kerang mudah mengakumulasi logam berat. Kerang hijau (P. viridis) merupakan salah satu biota laut bernilai ekonomis dan banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat. Pencemaran logam berat dalam kerang hijau ini dapat berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) dan kromium (Cr) pada air, sedimen, dan P. viridis serta mengetahui batas maksimum konsumsi mingguan oleh manusia dalam mengkonsumsi kerang hijau. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juli-September 2020. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Sampel diambil dari Perairan Morosari Demak dengan metode purposive random sampling. Kemudian, kandungan logam berat sampel dianalisisi menggunakan instrumen AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer), dilanjutkan dengan analisa keamanan konsumsi menggunakan rumus MTI (Maximum Tolerable Intake). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kandungan logam Pb lebih tinggi dibanding logam Cr dalam P. viridis dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut (3,876-4,117) mg/kg untuk logam Pb dan (0,179-0,283) mg/kg untuk logam Cr. Batas maksimal konsumsi kerang hijau yang aman dikonsumsi perminggu dari Perairan Morosari untuk individu dengan berat badan 60 kg yaitu 0,364 kg/minggu untuk logam Pb dan 4,94 kg/minggu untuk logam Cr. Sedangkan konsumsi maksimal untuk individu berat badan 45 kg yaitu 0,273 kg/minggu untuk logam Pb dan 3,705 kg/minggu untuk logam Cr. Heavy metals are a group of metal elements that have a specific gravity of 5gr/cm3. Its nature which is easy to settle and easy to transport causes biota, including bivalvia, to easily accumulate heavy metals. Green mussel (P. viridis) is one of the marine species that has economic value and is widely consumed by the community. Heavy metal contamination in shellfish can harm human health. This study aims to determine the heavy metal content of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in water, sediment, and P. viridis and to determine the maximum weekly consumption of P. viridis. The research was conducted in July-September 2020. The research method used a descriptive method. Samples were taken from Morosari Demak waters with the purposive random samping method. Then, content of heavy metals anylyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) instrument, followed by an analysis of consumption safety using the MTI (Maximum Tolerable Intake) formula. The results showed that the heavy metal content of Pb was more than that of Cr. The heavy metals in P. viridis for Pb ranged from (3.876-4.117) mg.kg-1 while the Cr metal had a range (0.179-0.283) mg.kg-1. The limit safe consumption of green mussels per week from Morosari Waters for individuals weighing 60 kg is 0.364 kg/week for Pb metal and 4.94 kg/week for Cr metal. While the maximum consumption for individuals weighing 45 kg is 0.273 kg/week for Pb metal and 3.705 kg/week for Cr metal.

Molecular Ecology Comparison of Blue Leg Hermit Crab (Calcinus elegans) based on Spatial Factor in South Coast of Java Island Muliawati Handayani; Sutrisno Anggoro; Ita Widowati; Imai Hideyuki
International Journal of Marine and Aquatic Resource Conservation and Co-existence 2014: IJMARCC Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2014
Publisher : International Journal of Marine and Aquatic Resource Conservation and Co-existence

The study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of Calcinus elegans based on sequences of the COI mitochondrial DNA. Successfully 54 samples of Garut; 43 of Yogyakarta and 47 of Banyuwangi populations were amplified by PCR using universal primers LCO 1490 and HCO 2198 successfully amplified COI gene in 625 bp, with an overall haplotype totaled 64 at 111 polymorphic sites. All population showed high genetic diversity within population interpreted by the value of gene diversity (H): Garut is 0.9266 ± 0.0251; Yogyakarta is 0.9668 ± 0.0156 and Banyuwangi is 0.9288 ± 0.0257 and the value of nucleotide diversity (π): Garut is 0.007155 ± 0.003972; Yogyakarta is 0.007966 ± 0.004387 and Banyuwangi is 0.00723 ± 0.004021. Gene diversity and nucleotide diversity did not differ significantly between populations. While genetic diversity among populations interpreted from haplotypes similarity or shared haplotype. Number of shared haplotypes among three populations is 12 haplotypes with 90 samples included. Banyuwangi population showed smallest intensity interaction with other populations indicated by the smallest value of haplotypes; polymorphic sites; hetorozigosity and distribution of larvae are influenced by spatial factor. However, three populations come from one ancestors and part of a large population. Thus the current and other environmental factors in South Coast of Java Island are effected on the genetic diversity among populations of C. elegans with a correlation coefficient is r = 0.98 (genetic diversity with current) and r = >0.90 (genetic diversity with temperature, salinity, pH, depth and distance). Key words: Calcinus elegans, genetic diversity, COI, mitochondrial DNA, haplotype

Potentiality of Using Spreading Sargassum Species from Indonesia as an Interesting Source of Antibacterial and Radical Scavenging Compounds: A Preliminary Study Ita Widowati; Maya Puspita; Valerie Stiger-Pouvreau; Nathalie Bourgougnon
International Journal of Marine and Aquatic Resource Conservation and Co-existence 2014: IJMARCC Volume 1 Issue 1 Year 2014
Publisher : International Journal of Marine and Aquatic Resource Conservation and Co-existence

As an archipelagic country with 95,181 km long coastline, Indonesia has great potential as the producer of seaweeds. The diverse phyla of marine macroalgae (red, brown and green seaweeds) are known to produce molecules which are attractive for diverse industries. Applications of algal products range from simple biomass production for food, feed and fuels to valuable products such as sugar polymers, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pigments, and food supplements. Seaweeds also have the potential to be used as a source of new bioactive for human, animal or plant health, as well as a source of new synthons and biocatalysts in sustainable chemistry (Bourgougnon and Stiger-Pouvreau, 2011). In this paper, among species of economic value we focus on brown seaweeds belonging to family Sargassaceae and genus Sargassum spreading along Indonesian coasts. Members of this genus are especially abundant in tropical and subtropical regions (Zemke-White and Ohno, 1999). The purpose of this study is to analyze the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of three species of Sargassum, i.e. S. echinocarpum, S. duplicatum and S. polycystum. Both polar and non-polar extracts have been prepared from those three species. In vitro antibacterial activities of extracts were evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Results indicated all the three species tested showed an antibacterial activity. The most effective antibacterial activity against S. aerous was from S. echinocarpum with ethil asetat, inhibition zone 1.13 ± 0.25 mm; S. duplicatum with N-Hexane was most effective against E. coli, 1.20 ± 0.28 mm. Key words: Antibacterial, Sargassum, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.

Distribution and Size of Crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Betahwalang Waters, Demak, Central JavaSex Ratio, Size Distribution and Length-Weight Relationship of Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758 (Malacostraca : Portunidae) in Betahwalang, Demak, Central Java Sri Redjeki; Muhammad Zainuri; Ita Widowati; Ambariyanto Ambariyanto; Rudhi Pribadi; Michael Abbey
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 24, No 1 (2021): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v24i1.10467

Blue Swimming Crab (P. pelagicus, Linnaeus, 1758) is the main fisheries product from Betahwalang peoples. Fishing activity of Blue Swimming Crab by the fisherman almost every day in Betahwalang waters. Distribution and body size data of Blue Swimming Crab can be used for sustain management reference. The purpose of this study was to determine distribution pattern and body size of Blue Swimming Crab, started from July to November 2018 in Betahwalang waters, Demak. The data analyze consist of sex ratio, carapace width distribution and relationship between carapace width and body weight. 11790 samples Blue Swimming crab from Betahwalang waters consist of 7070 female crabs and 4720 male crabs. The result showed that sex-ratio between male and female crabs are balanced (1.0:1.37), with the most female crabs found at July and August. Body size distribution of male and female crabs are dominated in class 103-111 mm carapace width. Male and female crabs have a positive allometric on growth parameters, that means growth of the body weight is faster than carapace width. The result showed that Blue Swimming Crab in Betahwalang waters are support for sustainable fisheries.

Biology Reproduction and Dynamic of Gonads Maturity Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus) in Betahwalang Waters, Demak Sri Redjeki; Muhammad Zainuri; Ita Widowati; Abdul Ghofar; Elsa Lusia Agus; Mustagpirin Mustagpirin; Panji Ayodya
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 23, No 3 (2020): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v23i3.8977

The waters of Betahwalang, Demak has quite potential fisheries resources. For the sustainability of crab resources, active management is necessary applied. Information on biology reproduction of crabs is required. The purpose of this research was to determine the biological aspects of sex ratio and the dynamics of the gonadal maturity level. This research was conducted on September-November 2018 in Betahwalang Waters. The method used in this study is a descriptive research method. Data were collected by determining gender, weight and width of the carapace, the level of gonadal maturity. The results from observations of crab landed with a total of 6,292 crabs showed a percentage of 37.30% males and 62.70% females with sex ratios in September (1: 1.70), October, (1: 1.46), and November (1: 1.98). The observation of gonadal maturity level in September (Level I 162 crabs, Level II 1425 crabs, Level III 607 crabs) in October (Level I 130 crabs, Level II 832 crabs, Level III 207 crabs), and in November (Level I 46 crabs, Level II 753 crabs, Level III 195 crabs). The results show that the average crab catch on Betahwalang waters is dominated by the gonad II maturity level reaching (> 70%) of the total female caught. The results of the gonad maturity level are influenced by weather and season factors where the trend of the gonad maturity level will drop in the rainy season or in November.

SKRINING AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PADA EKSTRAK METANOL JARINGAN LUNAK KERANG DARAH (Anadara granosa) TERHADAP BAKTERI Vibrio harveyi Karina Dewiningsih; Ita Widowati; Wilis Ari Setyati
JURNAL ENGGANO Vol 2, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Bengkulu

Kerang darah (Anadara granosa) merupakan salah satu biota laut yang memiliki potensi di bidang farmakologi sebagai antibakteri dan antimikroba. Senyawa bioaktif dari jaringan lunak A. granosa dapat digunakan sebagai bahan antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol jaringan lunak kerang A. granosa terhadap bakteri Vibrio harveyi dan untuk menelusuri kandungan senyawa aktif pada jaringan lunak A. granosa dengan analisis fitokimia. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio harveyi dilakukan dengan metode difusi. Uji aktivitas antibakteri tersebut menggunakan lima konsentrasi yaitu 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100 ppt dan dua kontrol yaitu kontrol negatif (metanol) dan kontrol positif (enrofloxacin). Analisa aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan mengukur zona hambat menggunakan jangka sorong, hal tersebut untuk mengetahui seberapa kuat ekstrak metanol jaringan lunak A. granosa dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri V. harveyi. Hasil yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa ekstrak metanol jaringan lunak A. granosa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap V. harveyi. Analisa aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan pengukuran dengan jangka sorong menghasilkan zona hambat tertinggi pada konsentrasi 1000 ppt dan zona hambat terendah pada konsentrasi 100 ppt. Maka, dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol jaringan lunak A. granosa mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri V. harveyi dan zona hambat yang dihasilkan tergolong kategori lemah.

STUDI KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT PADA BEBERAPA JENIS KEKERANGAN DARI PERAIRAN PANTAI DI KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR Lisa F. Indriana; Sutrisno Anggoro; Ita Widowati
Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 13, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Studi kandungan logam berat (Pb, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, V, Zn dan Ag) dilakukan pada beberapa jenis kekerangan di perairan pantai Kabupaten Flores Timur. Kabupaten Flores Timur mempunyai sumberdaya hayati laut yang melimpah, terutama pada ikan dan kekerangan. Dalam rangka mendukung kegiatan biomonitoring lingkungan perairan pesisir dan laut, salah satu kegiatan yang dapat diimplementasikan adalah dengan melakukan penelitian kandungan logam berat pada beberapa jenis kekerangan. Pengambilan sampel biota dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2009. Analisis logam berat dilakukan dengan metode ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy) di Laboratorium Pusat Analisis Université de La Rochelle, Prancis. Logam-logam berat yang diobservasi adalah Pb, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, V, Zn dan Ag. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kawasan mangrove Kabupaten Flores Timur, meliputi, Mulutbahang, dimana ditemukan jenis kerang Isognomon ephippium, dan di Lewobunga ditemukan jenis kerang Crassostrea sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa Zn memiliki kandungan tertinggi dibanding logam-logam berat lain, dimana nilainya masing-masing adalah, 1686,83 µg/g berat kering pada jenis I. ephippium dan 703,88 µg/g berat kering pada Crassostrea sp. Sedangkan Pb merupakan logam berat dengan kandungan terendah, dengan nilai masing-masing 0,26 µg/g berat kering pada I. ephippium dan 0,15 µg/g berat kering pada Crassostrea sp.

Co-Authors - Desrina, - A Suhaeli Fahmi Abdul Ghofar Adi Santoso Adi Santoso Agus Sabdono Agus Sarwono Agus Trianto Agus Trianto Aldi Rivaldy Maulana Ali Ridlo Ambariyanto Ambariyanto Ambariyanto Ambariyanto Andri Wijayanto Anicia Hurtado Anindya Wirasatriya Antonius Budi Susanto Arif Rahman Arya Fernandes Ayu Safitri Bachtiar, Muggi Bambang Cahyono Bayu Legowo Chrisna Adhi Suryono Christel Marty Diah Permata Wijayanti Dimas Judah Mozes Kalangie Dion Ragil Saputra Dion Ragil Saputra Djoko Suprapto Doresti, Livvy Dwi Lestari Widya Ningsih Eduard Meirenno Tielman Eduard Meirenno Tielman Eka Maya Kurniasih, Eka Maya Elsa Lusia Agus Endang Supriyantini Endang Supriyantini Erian Febri Satriawan Ervia Yudiati Ervia Yudiati Erwin Ivan Riyanto Erwin Ivan Riyanto Fabian Panji Ayodya Fadhel Muhammad Juharna Fitriyan, Jodhi Kusumayudha Ginzel, Fanny Iriany Ginzel, Fanny Iriyany Hadi Endrawati Hakim, Muhamad Fikri Hudi Nur Haviz Rachman Nursalim Haviz Rachman Nursalim Hendi Perdian Yunianto Hendi Perdian Yunianto Herlina Lestari Pakpahan Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum Heru Kurniawan Alamsyah Husnan Azhar Husnan Azhar Ika Wulan Santi Ika Wulan Santi Imai Hideyuki Iqomatuddin, Muhammad Irwan Effendi Irwani Irwani Ita Riniatsih Johannes Hutabarat Jusup Suprijanto Jusup Suprijanto Jusup Suprijanto Jusup Supriyanto Kalangie, Dimas Judah Mozes Karina Dewiningsih Khairunnisa Khairunnisa Kholilah, Nenik Kolilah, Nenik Kristi, Roselina Nadya Liningga Adiningtyas Lisa F. Indriana Lisa F. Indriana Livvy Doresti Manullang, Corry Yanti Manullang, Corry Yanti Maya Puspita Michael Abbey Michael Abbey Mimie Saputri Mimie Saputri, Mimie Muhamad Fikri Hudi Nur Hakim Muhammad Zainuri Muhammad Zainuri Muhammad Zainuri Muji Wasis Indriyawan, Muji Wasis Muliawati Handayani Mustagfirin Mustagfirin Mustagpirin Mustagpirin Nadaa Salsabiila Nuri Nathalie Bourgougnon Nathalie Bourgougnon Novianti, Teni Nugroho, Suciadi Catur Nursalim, Nining Ocky Karna Radjasa Pakpahan, Herlina Lestari Pangga, R. M. Dio Dwi Panji Ayodya Petta, Constantein Ramadhani, Muhammad Rizqi Retno Hartati Rexie Magdugo Ria Azizah Tri Nuraini Riza, Subkhan Rohimat Rohimat Rohimat Rohimat Rohmaniyah, Lailatur Rudhi Pribadi Satriawan, Erian Febri Satrio Fahrul Ananda Setyati, Willis Ari Sri Redjeki Sutrisno Anggoro Sutrisno Anggoro Syukur Syukur Teni Novianti Teni Novianti Tielman, Eduard Meirenno Tjahjo Winanto Tri Winarni Agustini Triana Hanani Valerie Stiger-Pouvreau Wahyudi, Yudisthio Wibowo, Muhammad Reyhan Widianingsih Widianingsih Wijayati, Diah Permata Wilis Ari Setyati Willis Ari Setyati Wora, Umbu Domu Yann Hardivillier Yoki Ristadi Yuni Karnisa Zhulian Hikmah Hasibuan

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