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Yuyun Yueniwati
Departement Of Radiology, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto No. 2, Malang 65112
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Journal : the indonesian biomedical journal

 1 
Combined Vitamin D and Magnesium Supplementation Improves Insulin, HOMA Indices, Blood Glucose, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Rats Azzahra, Balqis Faizah; Yueniwati, Yuyun; Permatasari, Happy Kurnia; Rahayu, Rachmi Fauziah; Tifani, Amara Syifa; Fauzi, Adam
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3905

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by disturbances in glucose homeostasis, chronic low-grade inflammation, and heightened oxidative stress. Alterations in vitamin D status and magnesium homeostasis are frequently observed in DM and have been implicated in impaired insulin secretion, decreased insulin sensitivity, and dysregulated antioxidant responses. Although both micronutrients have independently demonstrated potential benefits on glycaemic regulation and oxidative balance, the synergistic therapeutic effects of combined vitamin D and magnesium supplementation remain insufficiently elucidated in experimental models of type 2 DM. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of combined vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on insulin dynamics, glycaemic control, and oxidative stress markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar white rats were divided into 4 groups: normal control, diabetic control, metformin group, and vitamin D + magnesium group. DM was induced using streptozotocin–nicotinamide injection. Glycaemic parameters including insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostatis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), were evaluated from fasting serum using immunoassay-based analyses; while oxidative stress markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured from plasma using colorimetric spectrophotometric methods.RESULTS: Vitamin D and magnesium combination achieved the greatest reduction in blood glucose. The mean insulin level and HOMA-β index in the vitamin D + magnesium group were significantly higher than in both the diabetic control and metformin groups (p<0.001). In the same group, HOMA-IR and MDA levels were significantly lower, whereas SOD activity was significantly higher compared with diabetic group and metformin group (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: The combination of vitamin D and magnesium increases insulin and HOMA-β level and decreases HOMA-IR, SOD, and MDA expressions in diabetic Wistar rats.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, magnesium, vitamin D, insulin resistance, inflammation
Vitamin D and Magnesium Combination Lowers High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-12, Renin, and Carotid Vessel in Diabetic Rats Rahayu, Rachmi Fauziah; Zahrah, Fathimah Afifah; Anugrah, Tessa Septian; Yudhani, Ratih Dewi; Yueniwati, Yuyun; Irawan, Amelia Tjandra; Kusumaningrum, Sulistyani; Fauzi, Adam; Wasita, Brian; Wiyono, Nanang; Muthaminah, Muthaminah; Sholikah, Tri Agusti; Wardhani, Lusi Oka; Suyatmi, Suyatmi; Yarso, Kristanto Yuli; Pesik, Riza Novierta; Siswanto, Febby Gunawan
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i2.4061

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, accelerating atherosclerosis development marked by elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). Diabetes often causes significant vascular changes, which can be represented by carotid tunica intima thickening and elevated renin level. Metformin, which remains as the standard therapy, has limited vascular effects. Vitamin D and magnesium exhibit vasoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties; however, their combined effects on diabetic vascular injury remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of vitamin D and magnesium combination on serum hs-CRP, IL-12, renin, and carotid tunica intima thickness in diabetic rats.METHODS: Wistar rats were diabetic-induced by 45 mg/kg streptozotocin and 110 mg/kg nicotinamide. Following the induction, the rats were subsequently assigned to receive no treatment, metformin, or a combination of vitamin D and magnesium. Healthy rats were also included as control. Blood sample was collected after 21 days of treatment. Serum hs-CRP, IL-12, and renin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the carotid tunica intima thickness was assessed by Doppler ultrasound.RESULTS: Diabetic rats showed significant increases hs-CRP, IL-12, renin level, and intima thickness (p<0.001) compared to control. Both metformin and combination of Vitamin D and magnesium reduced these parameters, with combination of Vitamin D and magnesium showing the greatest improvement. Carotid intima thickness in the combination of Vitamin D and magnesium group was comparable to normal controls, indicating marked vascular protection.CONCLUSION: Vitamin D and magnesium combination provided superior glycemic, anti-inflammatory, and vascular protective effects compared to metformin alone. This adjunctive strategy might have potential in preventing vascular complications in diabetes.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, hs-CRP, IL-12, atherosclerosis
Co-Authors Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri Adam Fauzi Ade Lina Nur Fadlilah Adiantara, Ken Rangga Galang Agung Setyawan Agus Naba Agustina, Tanti Ahmad DW, Ahmad Aldita Husna Violita Aldita Husna Violita Alfred Julius Petrarizky Alfrina Hany Alimsjah, Yohanes Audric Andrijani Sumarahinsih Anugrah, Tessa Septian Arief Iskandar Atsil Lathifa, Jauza Ayu Hardianti Pratiwi Azmi, Mukhammad Azzahra, Balqis Faizah Bambang Rahardjo Basya Adnani Basyar Adnani Begum Fauziyah Berlian Cyntia Devi, Berlian Cyntia Brian Wasita DAVID SANTOSO Dewi Kartikawatiningsih Diana Lyrawati Dina Dewi SLI Dini Rachma Erawati Diptya, Ibnu Djatmiko, Ahmad Eko Arisetijono Erawati, Dini Rachma Erlangga, Eggi Esther Palupi Fahanani, Agwin Fahmi Fahmi Fahanani, Agwin Faizah Azzahra, Balqis Fatimah Kunti Hentihu Faturrohmaniah, Ari Habiba Aurora Hafiedz Maulana Handoko, Edi Handono Kalim Happy Kurnia Permatasari Heri Kristianto Husnul Khotimah Irawan, Amelia Tjandra Irawan, Paulus Lucky Tirma Iriana Maharani, Iriana Johan Andoyo Effendi Noor Johan Andoyo Effendi Noor Karimah Karimah Karimah Ken Rangga Galang Adiantara Kusumaningrum, Sulistyani Lathifa, Jauza Atsil M. Yunus Maharina, Luths Margaretha Berek Masruroh Rahayu Mohamad Hidayat Mokhamad Fahmi Rizki Syaban Muhammad Zacky Hafiyyan Maulana Mukhamad Fathoni Mukhammad Fathoni Muthaminah, Muthaminah N. Diana Yulisa Nabilla Hardiyanti, Ginanda Nanang Wiyono Nanik Setijowati Nasir Aslam, Achmad Bayhaqi Nasywa Talitha Zahran Ni Kadek Indah Sunar A Noviyanti Noviyanti, Noviyanti Ns. Rinik Eko Kapti Nugroho, Rafiq Sulistyo Nur Permatasari Nurdiana, Farah Permatasari, Galuh W. Prabata, Adam Pradana, Wisniardhy Suarnata Pradhana, Satwika Purnama, Avief Destian Rachma Erawati, Dini Rachmi Fauziah Rahayu Rahmawan, Fajri Andi Ratih Dewi Yudhani Rinik Eko Kapti, Rinik Eko Rislan Faiz Muhammad Rislan Faiz Muhammad Riza Novierta Pesik Ropitasari Ropitasari Rulli Rosandi Safira Dita Arviana Sakdullah, Istianah Sarni J. Ishak Servasius Ratu Banin Shahdevi Nandar Kurniawan, Shahdevi Nandar Sholikah, Tri Agusti Sigma Nur Rismawati Siswanto, Febby Gunawan Siti Maimunah Suyatmi Suyatmi Tifani, Amara Syifa Titin Andri Wihastuti Tony Suharsono Tony Suharsono, Tony Tri Mukti Lestari Wahyudi, Mgs Ahmad Wardhani, Lusi Oka Widya Addiarto Wulansari, Yunita Wahyu Yarso, Kristanto Yuli Yudisthira, Dewangga Yulian Wiji Utami Yunita Wahyu Wulansari, Yustina Ni Putu yusniawati Zahrah, Fathimah Afifah