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Journal : Jurnal Agro

Keragaman Karakter Morfo-Agronomi dan Keanekaragaman Galur- galur Cabai Besar (Capsicum annuum L.) Nur Indah Agustina; Budi Waluyo
Jurnal Agro Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/1608

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the variability of morpho-agronomic characters, genetic distance, and genetic diversity of 39 chili pepper lines. The experiment was conducted from January until June 2017, in Agro Techno Park of Universitas Brawijaya, at Jatikerto, Malang Regency. This research was conducted by using randomized block design (RBD) with treatment of 39 chili pepper genotypes repeated two times. Observation was made on agronomic characters. The variability was analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) with the approach of the Pearson correlation. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) with the Pearson correlation coefficient of similarity and agglomeration method unweighted pair-group average was performed for lines grouping. Genetic diversity was obtained using Shannon index (H’) and Simpson index (D). The agronomic characters variability of chili pepper lines based on principal component analysis (PCA) was divided into 9 principal components  with cumulative variability value 82,59%. Genetic distance was divided into four main groups at coefficient of 91% -100%. Mantel test of genetic distance based on 24 qualitative and 18 quantitative characters showed a significant positive correlation coefficient (r = 0,173 and P <0,0001). Diversity index based Shannon index (H’) included category 1-3 showed that the level of diversity was medium, and based on Simpson index 0,39 showed a low level diversity. The percentage proportion of the abundance in four groups showed a variation. Group A had the highest abundance and group D was the lowest.
Variabilitas genetik, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik beberapa karakter kuantitatif galur F3 kedelai hasil persilangan Anna Satyana Karyawati; Gita Novita Sari; Budi Waluyo
Jurnal Agro Vol 6, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/5174

Abstract

Parameter genetik seperti keragaman genetik, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik diperlukan untuk merakit kultivar unggul. Untuk itu dialukan evaluasi keragaman genetik, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik populasi galur F3 kedelai dari 16 kombinasi persilangan dengan 6 tetua pada beberapa karakter kuantitatif diantaranya yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong isi, jumlah buku subur dan berat biji per tanaman. Penelitian untuk menyiapkan materi genetik dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Jatikerto, Malang pada tahun 2013-2016. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompk (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan. Populasi setiap galur F3 dan tetua pada setiap petak masing-masing 120 tanaman untuk setiap ulangan. Dari hasil keragaman genetik yang diamati, karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah polong isi, jumlah buku subur dan berat biji per tanaman memiliki nilai keragaman genetik yang luas, sedangkan jumlah cabang memiliki keragaman genetik yang sempit. Nilai heritabilitas karakter pada kombinasi persilangan memiliki nilai sedang hingga tinggi yang berkisar antara 0,25-0,75. Pada karakter tinggi tanaman dari hasil persilangan galur (Anjasmoro x Tanggamus), (Anjasmoro x Grobogan), (Anjasmoro x UB2), (Argopuro x Grobogan), (Grobogan x Anjasmoro), (Grobogan x UB2), (UB2 x UB1), (UB1 x Argopuro) dan (UB1 x UB2) memiliki nilai heritabilitas sedang yaitu 0,46; 0,39; 0,37; 0,46; 0,46; 0,47; 0,46; 0,25; dan 0,47. Pada nilai kemajuan genetik dari 16 galur hasil persilangan, galur (UB2 x Tanggamus) memiliki nilai rata-rata kemajuan genetik paling tinggi yaitu 64,35%, sedangkan galur (UB1 x Argopuro) memiliki nilai rata-rata kemajuan genetik paling rendah yaitu 25,84%.ABSTRACT The F3 soybean progenies derived from 16 cross combinations with six parents were evaluated for their genetic variability, heritability and genetic advances of quantitative traits i.e. plant height, number of branches, number of pods, number of active nodes and seeds weight per plant. The genetic material preparation was conducted at Research Station of Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University, Jatikerto, Malang from 2013 to 2016. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Plant population of each F3 progenies and their parents were 120 plants at each replication. Among the quantitative characters observed, the variability of plant height, number of active nodes, number of pods and seeds weight per plant was wide, and number of branches was narrow. Heritability value in each cross combination had moderate to high value estimates ranged from 0.25 to 0.75. The character of plant height from crossing lines of (Anjasmoro x Tanggamus), (Anjasmoro x Grobogan), (Anjasmoro x UB2), (Argopuro x Grobogan), (Grobogan x Anjasmoro), (Grobogan x UB2), (UB2 x UB1), (UB1 x Argopuro) and (UB1 x UB2) had moderate heritability, i.e. 0.46; 0.39; 0.37; 0.46; 0.46; 0.47; 0.46; 0.25; and 0.47, respectively. The genetic advance from 16 cross combinations, the line of (UB2 x Tanggamus) had the highest mean of genetic advance for 64.35%. The line of (UB1 x Argopuro) had the lowest mean of genetic advance for 25.84%.
Keberhasilan dan kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri dan silang pada hibridisasi interspesifik ciplukan (Physalis spp) Zainyah Salmah Arruum; Budi Waluyo
Jurnal Agro Vol 8, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/9368

Abstract

Tanaman ciplukan digunakan untuk menghasilkan buah segar, bahan baku nutraceutical, dan biofarmasi. Kapasitas genetik ciplukan dapat ditingkatkan dengan hibridisasi interspesifik. Ketidakcocokan adalah masalah yang muncul pada persilangan antarspesies. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari keberhasilan dan kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri dan penyerbukan silang hibridisasi interspesifik ciplukan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Seed and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2020. Penelitian menggunakan bahan 5 spesies ciplukan, yaitu Physalis P. angulata, P. peruviana, P. pruinosa, P. pubescens, dan P. ixocarpa. Pola perkawinan dialel digunakan serta pengamatan terhadap hasil penyerbukan diamati. Hasil penyerbukan silang interspesifik memiliki derajat kompatibilitas yang berbeda. Kompatibilitas penyerbukan sendiri pada setiap spesies tinggi. Penyerbukan silang interspesifik P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. angulata (PAN-69281) kompatibel. Inkompatibilitas parsial terdapat pada penyerbukan silang interspesifik P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2) , P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. angulata (PAN-69281), dan P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Inkompatibilitas lengkap terjadi pada penyerbukan silang P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. peruviana (PPV-45311-03) dan P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Penyerbukan sendiri dan penyerbukan silang yang kompatibel menghasilkan perbedaan pada karakteristik buah dan benih. P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. angulata (PAN-69281), dan P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) menghasilkan jumlah benih yang berbeda pada penyerbukan silang interspesifik.AbstractCiplukan is used as a fresh fruit, nutraceutical raw materials, and biopharmaceuticals. Genetic capacity of ciplukan can be increased by interspecific hybridization. Incompatibility is an issue obtained during the interspecific hybridization. Research objective was to study success rate and compatibility of self-pollination and cross-pollination ciplukan interspecific hybridization. Research was conducted at Seed and Nursery Industry, Agro Techno Park, Universitas Brawijaya from January to June 2020. Physalis P. angulata, P. peruviana, P. pruinosa, P. pubescens, and P. ixocarpa were species included in this study. A diallel mating design pattern was used as well as observations of pollination. Interspecific cross pollination was found to have differing degrees of compatibility. Compatibility of self-pollination in each species is high. Interspecific cross-pollination of P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. angulata (PAN-69281) is compatible. Partial incompatibilities exist in interspecific cross-pollination of P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. angulata (PAN-69281), and P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Complete incompatibility occurred in cross-pollination of P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. angulata (PAN-69281) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) x P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04), P. pruinosa (PPN+3101) x P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2), P. peruviana (PPV-45311-03) and P. ixocarpa (PIX-4418-2). Compatible self-pollination and cross-pollination resulted differences in fruit and seed characteristics. P. pruinosa (PPN+3101), P. angulata (PAN-69281), and P. pubescens (PPB-68154-04) developed different numbers of seeds following interspecific cross-pollination.
Analisis Diversitas Morfologi dan Potensi Persebaran Maja (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. dan Crescentia cujete L.) di Mojokerto Fakhri Hafidh; Budi Waluyo
Jurnal Agro Vol 7, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/8808

Abstract

Tanaman maja memiliki sejarah vital bagi masyarakat Mojokerto. Selain sebagai simbol budaya, maja dimanfaatkan untuk pangan, keperluan medis, dan pertanian. Sekarang, keanekaragaman hayati tanaman lokal ini terancam karena minimnya upaya pelestarian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi, memetakan sebaran dan potensi sebaran maja serta menganalisis keanekaragaman dan kekerabatannya berdasarkan morfologi. Metode eksplorasi didasari pada survey ekogeografi dan pemetaannya menggunakan model maxent di aplikasi DivaGIS. Indeks Shannon digunakan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman. Analisis kekerabatan menggunakan aplikasi DARwin dengan metode Neighbor-Joining dan Hierarchical clustering. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan adanya penurunan populasi maja secara masif di mayoritas wilayah Mojokerto. Kecamatan Trowulan, Jetis, Kota Mojokerto, dan Ngoro menjadi pusat distribusi aktual maja. Indeks Shannon menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman morfologi maja pada parameter kualitatif (0,15) jauh lebih rendah dibanding kuantitatif (4,95). Secara umum, keanekaragaman morfologi maja di Mojokerto tergolong dalam kategori sedang (1,95). Ada 4 kategori maja di Mojokerto berdasarkan pengelompokan menggunakan Neighbor-Joining dan 3 kategori menggunakan Hierarchical Clustering.Maja has a vital role in Mojokerto civilization. Aside as a cultural symbol, maja also used as religious festivals, medical purpose, and agricultural practice. Today, the diversity of maja is endangered because of the minimum conservation. The research was conducted to map the actual and potential distribution of Maja. The research also analyzes the diversity and kinship of maja. The Maxent model in DivaGIS was used as the bases of the ecogeographical survey and mapping.. The morphological diversity of maja was assessed by Shannon index and the cluster analysis was carried out based on Neighbor-joining dan Hierarchical clustering method using DARwin software. The result shows that the diversity index of maja in Mojokerto is classified as medium with the value of 1.95. Maja's kinship is divided into 4 groups based on qualitative and 3 groups based on quantitative traits. Maja was spread in Mojokerto and concentrated in 4 sub districts of Trowulan, Jetis, Mojokerto, and Ngoro. Based on the comparison with maxent predictions, there is a massive maja population loss in Mojokerto. Land conversion and plant substitution is a major cause of decrease of maja population.
Keanekaragaman genotipe-genotipe potensial dan penentuan keragaman karakter agro-morfologi ercis (Pisum sativum L.) Rawina Saragih; Darmawan Saptadi; Chindy Ulima Zanetta; Budi Waluyo
Jurnal Agro Vol 5, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/3230

Abstract

Ercis (Pisum sativum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman kacang komersial yang penting di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Ercis lokal merupakan sumber populasi untuk meningkatkan kapasitas genetik hasil panen polong dan biji melalui seleksi galur murni. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari jarak dan keanekaragaman genetik, serta keragaman karakter 37 genotipe potensial ercis hasil seleksi galur murni varietas lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2018 di Desa Pendem, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 37 genotipe sebagai perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali, sehingga terdapat 111 satuan percobaan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada masing-masing tanaman yakni karakter agronomi dan morfologi. Pengelompokan genetik didasarkan pada agglomerative hierarchical clustering dengan similiritas koefisien kolerasi Pearson dan metode aglomerasi unweighted pair group method average (UPGMA). Keanekaragaman genetik didasarkan pada indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’) dan indeks Shimpson (D). Keragaman karakter agronomi dan morfologi 37 genotipe ercis menggunakan principal component analysis (PCA) dengan pendekatan tipe korelasi Pearson. Berdasarkan analisis klaster 37 genotipe ercis terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok berdasarkan 61 karakter agro-morfologi dengan koefisien kemiripan 89-99%. Diversitas genetik ercis dikategorikan sedang dengan nilai indeks Shanon-Wiener 1,5 dan nilai indeks Simpson 0,26 yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat kelompok genetik yang mendominansi. Tiga puluh tujuh genotipe ercis memiliki keragaman yang luas. Keragaman kumulatif berdasarkan 61 karakter agro-morfologi yang diamati mencapai 87,83% yang melibatkan 44 karakter pada 16 komponen utama pertama.Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the important commercial legumes in the world, including in Indonesia. The aims of the research were to study  genetic distance, diversity, and characters variability of 37 genotypes of pea. The experiment was conducted on March to June 2018 in Pendem, Junrejo, Batu City. The experimental design used a randomized block design with 37 genotypes as treatments and replicated three times. Observations was made on agronomic and morphological characters. Genetic grouping according to agglomerative hierarchical clustering with Pearson correlation coefficient similarity and unweighted pair group average agglomeration method (UPGMA). Genetic diversity based on Shannon-Wiener (H') index and Shimpson (D) index. Variability of agronomic and morphological characters in 37 genotypes was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) with Pearson correlation approach. The results showed that cluster analysis of 37 genotypes was divided into six groups in 61 agro-morphological characters with similarity coefficients of 89-99%. Genetic diversity was medium categorized with Shanon-Wiener index value of 1.5 and Simpson index value of 0.26. It was indicated that no dominating on genotypes group. Thirty seven genotypes of pea showed high variability. Cumulative variability on 61 observed agro-morphological characters reached 87.83% which involved 44 characters in 16 first principal components.
Keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas karakter komponen hasil dan hasil ciplukan (Physalis sp.) Effendy Effendy; Respatijarti Respatijarti; Budi Waluyo
Jurnal Agro Vol 5, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Jurusan Agroteknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/1864

Abstract

Ciplukan (Physalis sp.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber biofarmaka dan buah di Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi ini dapat dilakukan melalui penyediaan varietas-varietas unggul ciplukan dengan meningkatkan kapasitas genetik melalui program pemuliaan tanaman. Pemuliaan tanaman akan berhasil jika terdapat keragaman genetik yang luas dan heritabilitas tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas pada karakter komponen hasil dan hasil ciplukan. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 34 aksesi ciplukan sebagai perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Areng-Areng, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu pada bulan Mei - September 2017. Karakter pada tanaman ciplukan ada yang mempunyai keragaman luas dan ada yang mempunyai keragaman sempit. Keragaman yang luas terdapat pada tinggi batang, jumlah bunga per tanaman, bobot per buah tanpa kelopak, bobot per buah dengan kelopak, jumlah buah per tanaman, jumlah buah segar per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman dan bobot buah segar per tanaman. Keragaman yang sempit terdapat pada karakter diameter batang, jumlah cabang tersier, jumlah bunga per cabang tersier, panjang tangkai buah, panjang kelopak, diameter kelopak, panjang buah, diameter buah, dan kemanisan buah. Nilai heritabilitas pada semua karakter termasuk kriteria tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan pengaruh genetik lebih besar dibandingkan dengan faktor fenotip pada penampilan karakter tanaman ciplukan. Ciplukan (Physalis sp.) is one of the potential plant to be developed as a source of medical plant and fruit in Indonesia. Increase production of this plant can be done through the provision of improved varieties of ciplukan by increasing the genetic capacity through plant breeding programs. Plant breeding will be successful if there is high genetic variability and heritability. This study aimed to study genetic variability and heritability on the character of yield component and yield in Physalis. The experiment used a randomized block design with 34 accessions of ciplukan as treatment repeated three times. The research was conducted in Areng-Areng sub-district, Junrejo District, Batu City from May until September 2017. Characters in ciplukan plants have wide and narrow variability. Characters that have a wide variability are stem height, number of flower per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per plant, weight per fruit without husks, weight per fruit with husk, weight of fruit per plant, and weight of fresh fruit per plant. Characters that have narrow variability are stem diameter, number of tertiary branching, number of flower per tertiary branching, length of fruit stalk, husk length, husk diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, and sweetness. All characters have high heritability. This shows a greater genetic influence compared to phenotypic factors on the appearance of ciplukan characters. Physalis, genetic variablity, heritabilityKey words : 
Co-Authors Adiredjo, Afifuddin Latif Afina Reformasintansari Afina Reformasintansari Agung Karuniawan Agung Kurniawan Agung Sri Darmayanti Agung Sri Darmayanti Agustiani, Nur Wulan Aikmelisa, Rizka Alfarina Kardiana Sari Alfia Nurfajrin Rohmatillah Amali, Mukhlash Andy Soegianto Anggun Trisnanto Hari Susilo Anita Firdaus Anna Satyana Karyawati Ardhani, Dhiya Nabilla Ariesoesilaningsih, Endang Ariffin Ariffin Bakti, NH. Dias Prayudha Bamratama, Muhammad Rafi Bela Purnama Sari Bimantara, Yusuf Mufti Daffa Dzakwan Pambudi Damanhuri Damanhuri Damanhuri Damanhuri Danniary Ismail Faronny Danniary Ismail Faronny Darmawan Saptadi Darmawan Saptadi Darmawan Saptadi Darmawan Saptadi Della Amelinda Chaniago Descha Giatri Cahyaningrum Dewi Nawank Sary Effendy Effendy Eggy Akhmad Armandoni Endang Arisoesilaningsih Eries Dyah Mustikarini Eryck Azwary Abraham Surbakti Eva Saulina Sihotang Fadhillah Laila, Fadhillah Faidah, Ahmadah Fakhri Hafidh Fildza Abidah Firdausi Firdausi Gigih Ibnu Prayoga Gita Novita Sari Hadi, Mohamad Iqbal Sohibul Hanna Sinthia Wati Siahaan Hariyati Khasanah Hatta Maulana Hera Livia Damara Hidayati Nafi’ah, Hanny Hikmah, Siti Nurul Iklillah Maulidiyah Warda Intan Widia Santika Izmi Yulianah Jati Batoro Khoiriyah, Lulu Lazimatul Kurniawan, Agus Prayitno Kurniawan, Ainur Rofiq Edy Kurniawan, Puput Kuswanto . Kuswanto . Kuswanto Kuswanto Kuswanto, Kuswanto Lailatul Badriyah Larasmita, Karina Ayu Lestari, Linda Dwi Lily Dasinta Norasary Putri Lulu Lazimatul Khoiriyah Mahmuddin Ridlo Maulana, Hatta Mayang Ayudya Handini Merlya Balbeid Mohammad Jusuf Muhammad, Raihan Fadhil Mulyani, Prinsip Trisna Nihayati, Ellis Niken Kendarini Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, Noer Rahmi Nur Azima Nur Indah Agustina Nurhalisah Nurul Aini Pamulatsih, Dila Permatasari, Lalita Phubby Wilisaberta Praptoko, Regina Sotya Rahagi Prinsip Trisna Mulyani Puguh Irkhamhulhuda PUJI LESTARI Putra, Anggara Ista Putri, Galuh Rahma Prandiny Rachma, Izza Azkiya Raihan Fadhil Muhammad Ramadhanti, Salsabila Rarasatidan, Maharani Gadis Ratna Santi Ratna Santi, Ratna Ratna Zulfarosda Rawina Saragih Raymon BT Debataraja Respatijarti Respatijarti Respatijarti Respatijarti Retno Mastuti Ricoh Darisman Sihombing Rohmatillah, Alfia Nurfajrin Rukmi, Kirana Saptadi, Darmawan Setiawan, Indra Karra Shandila, Puji Sumeru Ashari Sumeru Ashari Sumeru Ashari Susinggih Wijana Tati Nurmala Tatik Wardiyati Thoriq Ahmad Syauqy Utami, Putri Sri Wahyu Alfian Widyatama, Putri Devita Winismasari, Imtikhanna Dyanuar Wiwin Sumiya Dwi Yamika Yulianti, Novi Dwi Zainyah Salmah Arruum Zanetta, Chindy Ulima