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Modular Coloring of Comb Graph, Lintang Graph, and Butterfly Graph Pramudya, Deby Debora; Yudhi, Yudhi; Fran, Fransiskus
JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika) Vol 10, No 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/jtam.v10i1.34697

Abstract

Given any graph G that contains no isolated vertices, a labeling c is a mapping from its vertex set to the set of integers modulo k (c:V(G)→Z_k) for k≥2, adjacent vertices are allowed to share the same color. The number of color labels of a vertex v (σ(v)), is the number of color labels of the neighborhood of vertex v (N(v)). A labeling c is a modular k-coloring of G if σ(x) ≠ σ(y) in Z_k for all vertices x,y that are neighbors in G. Denoted as mc(G), the modular chromatic number of G is defined as the least integer k that allows for a modular k-coloring of the graph. This research seeks to ascertain the modular chromatic number of the comb graph Cb_n, the lintang graph L_n, and the butterfly graph BF(n). The first step in this research is to define the labeling c, then determine (N(v)). Next, determine the number of color labels from the neighborhood at each vertex with σ(x)≠σ(y) in Z_k for x,y being all neighboring vertices. After the condition σ(x)≠σ(y) in Z_k is satisfied, ascertain mc(G). By performing the same steps on each graph with increasingly larger values of n, a modular coloring pattern will emerge, which is used to formulate the modular coloring formula. This process concludes with the formulation of a modular coloring formula and the determination of the modular chromatic number for comb graph Cb_n, lintang graph L_n, and butterfly graph BF(n). Based on this research, mc(Cb_n)=2, mc(L_n)=2, and mc(BF(n))=3 are obtained.
REKONSTRUKSI TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM DALAM SENGKETA MEDIS AKIBAT PELIMPAHAN WEWENANG TINDAKAN KEDOKTERAN KEPADA PERAWAT: PASCA UU KESEHATAN NO 17/ 2023 Yudhi
Journal of Hospital Administration and Management (JHAM) Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Hospital Administration and Management (JHAM)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Awal Bros

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54973/jham.v6i2.789

Abstract

The dynamics of health services demand strong doctor–nurse collaboration, which often involves the delegation of medical authority. Recent regulatory changes through Law Number 17 of 2023 and Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 have created significant implications for the boundaries of legal liability, particularly within the grey areas between mandates and delegation. This study analyzes the shifting paradigm of legal responsibility in the delegation of medical authority and the validity of electronic medical instructions as evidence in medical disputes. This research employs a normative juridical method using a statute approach and case approach, relying on secondary data analyzed qualitatively. The findings, based on Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024, confirm that delegated authority transfers full legal responsibility to the receiving nurse, while under a mandate, liability remains with the physician. However, medical instructions delivered via messaging applications (such as WhatsApp) without integration into Electronic Medical Records (EMR) carry a high risk of being deemed legally invalid, placing nurses in a vulnerable position regarding malpractice claims. In remote and underserved areas (DTPK), legal protection becomes conditional, depending on urgency and the unavailability of medical personnel. Therefore, the formalization of rigid standard operating procedures (SOPs) regarding the validation of digital instructions within EMR systems is urgently required to ensure legal certainty for healthcare workers.
Co-Authors Aan Febriansyah Al Azizi, Fudhail Azzam Thoriqi Aljona, Sarah Amalia Wigati Aminuyati Ammar, Farid Ananda Sapitri, Anjelalica Andi Hairil Alimuddin Andri Royani Anggelina, Florensi Silva Anggraeni, Rosiana Angraini, Wanda Apriliandi Apriliandi Arin Yerliansyah Arya Pratama, Putra Handika Azura, Tina Bayu Prihandono BENI, YAKOBUS Danang Try Purnomo Debataraja, Naomi Nessyana Dedek Noviyani Desi Ayu Wulandari Dessy Natalia Dhea Prameswari Egi Riansyah Eko Sulistyo Evi Novian Evi Noviani FAJRIN NURSETYA DESI Fansiskus Fran Fauzan, M Nur Febriyanto, Ferdy Feby Fitria Ramadhita Feriliani Maria Nani Firman Saputra Fitriani Fitriani Fran, Fransiskus Frananta Maha Fransiskus Fran Fransiskus Fran Hasanuddin Hasanuddin Helmi Helmi Helmi Helmi Helmi Hendra Perdana Huda, Nur’ainul Miftahul Humaira Ichlashi Amaliah Ilham, Muhamad Ilham Irfant Bayu Pratama Irvandi, Firzakalpa Syafiq Iskandar, Rais Khairun Nisa Khariyyah, Lina Laksono Trisnantoro Lili Oktaviana Limanto, Vincent Lita Novianti Lovi Dwi Purnamasari Luluk Hendriyana Mahmul Mahmul Maisurah Maisurah Mareta, Nadia Mariatul Kiftiah Martha, Shantika Maulydiana Septiani Mawarni, Selkia Meiliana Meiliana Meliana Pasaribu Mochammad Imron Awalludin Mudinillah, Adam Muhammad Adiyan Septianda Muhardi Naomi Nessyana Debataraja Neva Satyahadewi Nilamsari Kusumastuti Nopiani Nopiani Novitasari Novitasari Nurfitriana Nurfitriana Nurtaniyahya, Ilham Nurul Fadhilah NUR’AINUL MIFTAHUL HUDA Ocsirendi Okta Rina, Tiara Paranditus Paranditus Paranditus, Paranditus Pramudya, Deby Debora Pratama, Anjeryan Sapta Puteri Islamega Taufani Rabitah Al-Alawiyah ratih ratih Rayhannisa, Rayhannisa Renisa Auditaputri Rian Prasetio Riki Afriansyah Risko, Risko Sahrial Sakti Simanjuntak, Junjungan Dwipa Sandi, Sabinus Saputra, Irpan Selah Siti Nur Amanah Suhardi Tantri, Eliana Tesah Aldi Parani Tri Desrehan, Sagit Tripina, Maria Try Purnomo , Danang Uray Agustian Utari, Dina Wahyu Fahrizal Windarti, Ayu Yanitami, Alvi Yuli Rahayu Yuliardi Kurniawan Yundari, Yundari Yundari, Yundari Yuni Wulandari Yusnanda Yusnanda Zanu Saputra Zettira Septiani