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Journal : Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge

FROM PLASTIC CRISIS TO CIRCULAR TOURISM: WASTE GOVERNANCE FAILURES AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM PATHWAYS IN BALI, INDONESIA Suardhana, I Nengah; I Wayan Kartimin; I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 5 No. 10 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

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Abstract

Bali’s tourism‑led growth has created a paradox in which rapid economic gains coexist with worsening plastic pollution, recurrent urban flooding, and degradation of the coastal and marine ecosystems that sustain its appeal as a destination. Despite the adoption of a 2019 single‑use plastic ban and source‑based waste management policies, plastic waste volumes remained largely stagnant at about 408–414 tons per day between 2017 and 2019, exposing persistent implementation gaps. This study examines how waste governance failures, stakeholder behaviour, and tourism dynamics interact to shape Bali’s plastic crisis, and evaluates the potential of circular‑economy and community‑based tourism models to shift current trajectories. Using a mixed‑methods approach, it combines district‑level statistics, policy and secondary data, and qualitative evidence from interviews and observations with communities, tourism businesses, informal waste workers, and officials. The findings highlight inadequate infrastructure, fragmented multi‑level governance, weak enforcement, and low segregation at source, with only roughly half of waste properly managed and about 11% of plastic leaking annually to rivers and the ocean. At the same time, eco‑village and circular initiatives achieve 20–25% waste reductions in pilot areas, signalling the viability of polycentric, community‑driven approaches aligned with SDGs 11, 12, 14, and 17. The study integrates political ecology, implementation gap, collective‑action, and circular‑economy perspectives and proposes a multi‑stakeholder governance framework, emphasising stronger source‑based segregation and TPS3R, scaled‑up circular tourism villages, context‑specific deposit‑return and extended producer responsibility schemes, and enforceable sustainability standards in the tourism value chain.
Co-Authors Aditama, I Wayan Induyoga Aditya, I Wayan Putra Anak Agung Ayu Ribeka Martha Purwahita Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Arcana, Kadek Arini, Ni Nyoman Budhayana, I Wayan Damayanti, Elok Darmini, Ni Made Desak Made Purnama Dewi Dewi, I Gusti Agung Ayu Ana Sintya Galoja, I Made Opan Galoja Gunawan Gunawan Holyness Nurdin Singadimedja I Gusti Bagus Rai Utama I Gusti Nyoman Wiantara I Gusti Putu Bagus Sasrawan Mananda I Ketut Sutapa I Ketut Sutapa I Ketut Yudana Adi I Made Bayu Wisnawa I Made Darsana I Made Deni Permana I Made Gede Darma Susila I Made Sunata I Made Weda Satia Negara I Nengah Suardhana I Putu Tiana Raditya I Wayan Putra Aditya I Wayan Terimajaya Ida Ayu Karina Putri Ida Ayu Putu Sulastri Ida Bagus Nyoman Krisna Prawira Yuda IM. ArjayaIM. Arjaya Jumiati, Kadek Ari Komang Fridagustina Adnantara L.K. Herindiyah Kartika Yuni Lubis, Richard Marco Luh Komang Candra Dewi Made Hedy Wartana Ni Kadek Lani Ni Luh Ayu Sara Pertiwi Ni Made Dwi Eka Widiastuti Ni Made Ernila Junipisa Ni Nyoman Arini Ni Nyoman Nidya Trianingrum Ni Putu Yunik Anggreni Ni Putu Yunik Anggreni Ni Wayan Mekarini Ni Wayan Rena Mariani Ni Wayan Rena Mariani Parwati, Komang Shanty Muni Permana, I Made Deni Pondang Polikarpus Nainggolan Putra, Putu Guntur Pramana Putu Agus Prayogi Rizki Sumardani Sedana, I Made Dwi Arta Suardhana, I Nengah Subadra, I Nengah Sudarmawan, I Wayan Eka Suhati, Luh Wawas Sumardani, Riski Suryaningsih, Ida Ayu Anggreni Syamsul Arifin Widiastuti, Ni Made Dwi Eka Yanti, Ayu Suwita