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Toxic Effect Of The Compound {1,3 Bis (P-Hydroxyphenyl) Urea} On Triiodothyronine (T3) Hormone Levels In Pregnant White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus L.) Putri Aisyia Fauzi, Ziza; Harahap, Urip; Yuandani, Yuandani; Berkat Waruwu, Syukur; Purnomo, Hari; Satria, Denny
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): January 2023
Publisher : Publisher Cv. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46729/ijstm.v4i1.719

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly prescribed drugs for pregnant women to treat fever, pain and inflammation. Specific NSAIDs can displace thyroid hormone from its protein binding sites, causing thyroid hormone measurement problems. {1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea} is a modified p-aminophenol compound with potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity and less toxicity. This study is a follow-up to previous research to observe the toxic effect on triiodothyronine hormone levels after administration of {1,3 bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea} compound in pregnant white rats. The toxic effect test was carried out by giving the test preparation to pregnant rats, which had been divided into five groups, namely the normal control group (CMC-Na 0.5%), the positive control (Gabapentin 50 mg/kg BW), Compound {1.3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW, 500 mg/kg BW and 1000 mg/kg BW. Mice were given the test preparation every day from the 6th to the 15th day of pregnancy. Blood was taken on the 16th day, and T3 hormone levels were measured using the ELISA method. The results showed that the T3 hormone levels in the {1,3 bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea group had no significant difference from the normal control group, so it was concluded that {1,3 bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea) did not have a significant effect on the hormone T3.
Phytochemical Screening of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) and Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Rizki, Muhammad; Harahap, Urip; Sitorus, Panal
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): March 2023
Publisher : Publisher Cv. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46729/ijstm.v4i2.781

Abstract

Phaleria macrocarpa is known as one of the medicinal plants in Indonesia. Almost all parts of the plant have chemical content that is useful for being used as medicine. The growing use of crown plants by the community for various diseases requires a series of tests to obtain traditional medicine preparations that are safe for human use. The purpose of this study was to identify the content of secondary metabolite compounds (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, and glycosides) and the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus with the good method because the good method has the advantage that it is easier to measure the area of the inhibition zone formed because an antibacterial activity is not only on the upper surface of nutrient agar but also at the bottom. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the flesh of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff). The results of testing the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of crown Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) fruit flesh (Boerl) were positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroids. Boerl.) showed effective results at a concentration of 40 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an inhibition zone diameter of 14 mm; the antibacterial activity was categorized as strong.
Phytochemical Screening Of Ethanol Extract Of Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia Rotunda (L.) Mansf) Rhizome Extract And Testing Of Bilirubin Levels In Male White Mice Harahap, Mawandha Sari; Harahap, Urip; Sitorus, Panal
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Publisher Cv. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46729/ijstm.v4i3.819

Abstract

Liver Disease Is A Deadly Disease That Has Attacked Many People. Liver Disease Is A Disease That Occurs As A Result Of An Unhealthy Lifestyle. Usually, The Patient Will Consume Drugs With Chemical Compounds To Overcome The Problem Of This Disease. The Long-Term Use Of Chemical Drugs Will Certainly Cause Side Effects Or, Even Worse, Cause New Diseases. Therefore, The Latest Treatment Methods Must Be Developed To Minimize Side Effects, Namely The Use Of Traditional Medicines. The Purpose Of This Study Was To Determine The Use Of Temu Kunci Rhizome As An Alternative To Reduce Total Bilirubin Levels In Rats As Experimental Animals. This Study Used Rats As Experimental Animals, Which Were Divided Into 6 Test Groups, Namely Group 1 Without Treatment, Group 2 With 0.5% CMC Suspension, Group 3 With 200 Mg Acetylcysteine, Group 4 With 250 Mg/Kg BW Ethanol Extract Of Temukunci, Group 5 Treated With A 500 Mg/Kg BW Dose Of Ethanol Extract Of Temukunci, And Group 6 With A 750 Mg/Kg BW Ethanol Extract Of Temukunci. From The Results Of The Research Conducted, The Ethanol Extract Of Temu Kunci At A Dose Of 750 Mg/Kg BW Was The Best Treatment For Reducing Total Bilirubin Levels In Rats As Experimental Animals.
Antioxidant Potential Of Ethanol Extract Of Kendondong Leaves (Spondias Dulcis), Characterization And Examination Of Quercetin By TLC Method Cahya, Cucu Arum Dwi; Harahap, Urip; Nasution, M. Pandapotan
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management Vol. 4 No. 4 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Publisher Cv. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46729/ijstm.v4i4.854

Abstract

Indonesia has a variety of plants that can be used to cure various diseases. Natural therapies offer little negative effect, especially in degenerative diseases, due to decreased function of body cells damaged by oxidation. Antioxidants have a vital role in counteracting free radicals to prevent degenerative diseases. One of the most abundant sources of antioxidant compounds is flavonoids. Kedondong leaf (Spondias dulcis) is one of the plants which is also suspected to contain flavonoids. Spondias species contain triterpenoids, namely oleanolic acid and flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, kaempferida and rhamnetin. Examination of simplicia characteristics, phytochemical screening, examination of quercetin with Thin Layer Chromatography, and determination of antioxidant activity and IC50 value of Kedondong leaves using the DPPH method were carried out in this study. The results of the characteristic examination showed that simplicia met the requirements with a water content of 8.63%, a water-soluble extract content of 19.42%, an ethanol-soluble extract content of 5.17%, a total ash content of 12.43%, an acid-insoluble ash content of 7 .81%. Phytochemical screening showed that the bright kedondong leaves contained flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenes. Examination of quercetin thin layer chromatography with chloroform: methanol (70: 30) as eluent produced six stains with Rf values (0.5; 1; 1.2; 3; 4.3; 6.6), and compared with quercetin raw material on the sixth stain with an Rf value of 6.6 has the same stain as the ethanol extract of kendondong leaves. The results of antioxidant testing at a 400 – 800 nm wavelength using UV-Vis spectrophotometry obtained a maximum wavelength of 515 nm. IC50 value obtained an IC50 value of 68.6260 ppm, so it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of kendondong leaves has antioxidant activity in the strong category.
Phytochemical Screening And Antidiabetic Test Of Ethanol Extract Of Turmeric Leaves (Curcuma domestica Val.) On Decreasing Blood Glucose Of Diabetic Rats Br Turnip, Nur Ulina M; Harahap, Urip; Hasibuan, Poppy Anjelisa Z.
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management Vol. 4 No. 4 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Publisher Cv. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46729/ijstm.v4i4.866

Abstract

The turmeric plant (Curcuma domestica Val.) is a tropical plant that grows a lot on the Asian continent with is use as a food coloring and fragrance. The use of turmeric leaves by residents is only a cooking ingredient not used in large quantities. Even most of these turmeric leaves are considered waste and have minimal utilization. Turmeric leaf methanol extract can be used to lower blood glucose. Turmeric leaf extract has the potential as a valuable food source of its antioxidant components, such as total phenolic compounds and flavonoids which increase radical scavenging activity. In particular, the water extract of turmeric leaves contains high total phenolic compounds (2.741?±?0.099?mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (4.776?±?0.010?mg QCE/g). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with several chronic complications, such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiomyopathy. Part of the turmeric plant leaves is reported to have the ability as an antioxidant. Antioxidant compounds can control blood glucose levels and prevent diabetes complications. This study was conducted to test the ability of turmeric leaf ethanol extract (EEDK) to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats induced by nicotinamide and streptozotocin and to perform phytochemical screening to determine the compounds contained in turmeric leaves so that it becomes an alternative as a diabetes treatment and can prevent damage. or diabetic complications. The results showed that turmeric leaves contained secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and triterpenoids/steroids, but there were no alkaloids or saponins. The characterization results show that the sample meets the requirements. Turmeric leaf ethanol extract doses of 400 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg could reduce the Blood Glucose Level of NA and STZ-induced rats from the fourth day of treatment.
Phytochemical Screening And Test For Reducing Uric Acid Levels In Male Rats After Administration Of Ethanol Extract Of The Herb Binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Situmorang, Novidawati Boru; Harahap, Urip; Hasibuan, Poppy Anjelisa Z.
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management Vol. 4 No. 4 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Publisher Cv. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46729/ijstm.v4i4.868

Abstract

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease generally characterized by high uric acid levels in the blood. The general treatment strategy for hyperuricemia is to decrease uric acid production using xanthine oxidation reductase inhibitors such as allopurinol and uricosuric agents. However, the drugs showed side effects, including skin rashes, diarrhoea and liver damage. To overcome the side effects of synthetic drugs, alternatives are used, namely by researching to find plants that have activity in reducing uric acid levels. The activity of reducing uric acid levels in plants is likely due to the presence of flavonoid compounds as antioxidants. Flavonoids active in reducing uric acid levels are kaempferol through xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Quercetin also has the potential to reduce uric acid levels through inhibition of the xanthine oxidase enzyme. Binara plant (Artemisia vulgaris L.) has flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and saponins which have potential as antioxidants and analgesics, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and hepatoprotective, through secondary metabolites of flavonoids, terpenes, and phenolic acids. The Karo people have traditionally used Binara leaves to treat wounds, diarrhoea and heartburn by chewing some of the leaves and then placing them on the wounds outside the body, such as cuts and for diarrhoea and stomach ulcers and placing them around the sick stomach. This study was conducted to know the anti-hyperuricemia effect of the Ethanol Extract of Herba Binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) on gout rats; phytochemical screening was carried out first to determine the content of Herba Binara (Artemisia vulgaris L.) compounds. The results showed that Herb Binara fulfilled the simplicia characterization requirements and contained secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins and steroids. Herb Binara Ethanol Extract has been shown to reduce uric acid levels in hyperuricemia rats, with the best concentrations being 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight. This was based on significantly different results p>0.05 compared to the positive control group.
Phytochemical Screening And Antidiabetic Test Of Ethanol Extract Of Sapodilla Kecik Leaves (Manilkara kauki (L) Dubard) On Decreasing Blood Glucose Of Diabetic Rats Purba, Novandi; Harahap, Urip; Hasibuan, Poppy Anjelisa Z.
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management Vol. 4 No. 4 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Publisher Cv. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46729/ijstm.v4i4.869

Abstract

The development of traditional medicine needs to be carried out so that Indonesia's natural wealth can be utilized as effectively as possible to improve people's welfare. As with diabetes, some reputable traditional herbal medicines contain antidiabetic properties. Natural antidiabetic drugs derived from compounds isolated from plants can be used as an alternative to traditional medicine for diabetes because they have potential side effects. Diabetes can be treated alternatively by using various substances, especially those containing polyphenols, such as flavonoids. Sapodilla kecik (Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard) from the Sapotaceae family is a type of plant used in traditional medicine; leaves, roots and bark can be used to treat diarrhoea in children, seeds can be used as a febrifuge, anthelmintic, and as an antileprotic. Secondary metabolites in sapodilla kecik leaves are flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids and glycosides. This research was carried out by characterizing and screening phytochemicals to determine the content of compounds in Sapodilla kecik (Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard) and carrying out antidiabetic tests on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. The results showed that sapodilla kecik leaves fulfilled the simplicia characterization requirements. Sapodilla leaves contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins and steroids. The ethanol extract of sapodilla kecik leaves at a dose of 500 mg/Kg BW starting from the 4th day of treatment, a dose of 250 mg/Kg BW starting on the 8th day of treatment, and a dose of 125 mg/Kg BW starting on the 12th day was able to reduce the KGD of induced diabetic rats with nicotinamide and streptozotocin.
Phytochemical and FTIR Analysis Of Coriander Leaf Infusion As An Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Wulandari, Suci; Sinaga, Siti Morin; Harahap, Urip
International Journal of Science, Technology & Management Vol. 4 No. 4 (2023): July 2023
Publisher : Publisher Cv. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46729/ijstm.v4i4.878

Abstract

This study reported that the sample used in the study was an infusion using fresh coriander leaves samples taken in the Lubuk Pakam area. Several studies have shown that the active components of coriander seeds are essential oils such as sabiene, myrcene, alphaterpine, ocimene, linalool, graniol, decanal, desilaldehyde, trantridecen, petroselinic acid, octadesenic acid, d-mannite, scopoletin, psimena, kamfena and felandren. These components cause coriander to have a good effect as a medicinal component. In previous studies, Linalool is believed to have antioxidant, anxiety, antibacterial (especially gram-positive) and antifungal effects. This activity is suspected because coriander contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, glycosides. So this research was conducted to determine the content of secondary metabolites in coriander leaves by phytochemical screening. Phytochemical screening is a test to determine the class of chemical compounds present in coriander leaf infusion samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was performed to find the isolating compounds in coriander leaves. The results showed that one secondary metabolite compound was negative in examining steroid secondary metabolites. The results of extract assistance with FTIR showed the presence of saponins with a molecular weight of 873.0 g/mol at a retention time of 19,287 minutes, but the peaks produced were not dominant.
Cardio Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract Vernonia Amygdalina Delile on Rats Induced L-NAME Rizki Doli Hartama Harahap; Urip Harahap; Aminah Dalimunthe
Jurnal Ners Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): JANUARI 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v9i1.30981

Abstract

This study aimed to analyse the effects of ethanol extract of African leaves (Vernonia Amygdalina Del.) on the levels plasma renin, IL-6 and cardiac histopathology in L-NAME-induced rats. This research stage includes the preparation of ethanol extract of African leaves, standardization of extracts and testing the effectiveness of African leaves on rat heart damage. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with p<0.05. testing the cardioprotective effectiveness of ethanol extract of African leaves in hypertension model rats and then examining heart histopathology using HE staining and analysing parameters, namely plasma renin and IL-6 levels. This study used 6 groups, each group consisted of 5 male rats, namely the normal group, negative control by administering L-NAME 40 mg/kgBB, positive control by administering L-NAME plus lisinopril 2.5 mg/kgBB, EEDA 100 mg/kgBB, EEDA 300 mg/kgBB and EEDA 500 mg/kgBB. L-NAME responds to heart damage such as degeneration and necrosis of heart cells. In the negative group, plasma renin levels were 40.60 ± 9.98 ng/mL while the EEDA group with a dose of 500 mg/kgBB experienced the highest decrease in plasma renin compared to other EEDA groups and positive controls, namely 13.80 ± 1.30 ng/mL. The positive control group obtained plasma renin levels of 14.20 ±1.79 ng/mL. In the negative group, IL-6 levels were 4.80 ± 1.30 pg/mL while the group given EEDA, the group with a dose of 500 mg/kgBB experienced a decrease in IL-6, namely 1.52 ±0.96 ng/mL. The positive control group experienced a decrease in IL-6 levels of 0.77 ± 0.20 ng/mL. The result can be concluded that EEDA reduces plasma renin, IL-6 levels, improves the condition of cardiac cell degeneration and necrosis.
Formulasi Nanogel Kuersetin dan Evaluasi Stabilitas Fisik, Aktivitas Anti-Inflamasi Pada Tikus Yang Diinduksi Oleh Karagenan Arfayani Isna; Anayanti Arianto; Urip Harahap
Jurnal Ners Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): OKTOBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v9i4.50816

Abstract

Inflamasi merupakan suatu respon jaringan terhadap rangsangan fisik atau kimiawi yang merusak. Rangsangan ini menyebabkan lepasnya mediator inflamasi yang menimbulkan reaksi radang berupa panas, nyeri, merah, bengkak dan disertai gangguan fungsi. Salah satu zat aktif yang dapat menghambat infiltrasi neutrofil dan mengurangi kadar plasma sitokin inflamasi adalah quersetin. Quercetin juga memiliki fungsi sebagai antioksidan. Dalam penelitian ini quersetin dibuat sediaan nanogel. Kelebihan nanogel lebih mudah penetrasi kedalam kulit sehingga efektivitas antiinflamasinya lebih baik. Untuk mengetahui konsetrasi quersetin dapat diformulasi menjadi nanogel dengan menggunakan karbopol 940 sebagai bahan pembentuk gel serta mennguji memenuhi syarat karakteristik dari gel dan menguji efektivitas anti-inflamasi pada kaki tikus yang diinduksi karagenan. Quersetin dengan konsentrasi 0,06%, 0,08%, dan 0,1% diformulasikan menjadi sediaan nanogel. Diuji aktivitas anti-inflamasi pada tikus yang diinjeksikan dengan karagenan 1% untuk mengetahui dosis topikal yang efektif. Tahap awal formulasi adalah pembuatan nanosuspensi dengan konsentrasi quersetin 0,06g (F1), 0,08g (F2), 0,1g (F3). Nanosuspensi ditambahkan kedalam basis gel dengan pengadukan menggunakan homogenizer untuk mendapatkan nanogel. Nanogel dievaluasi stabilitas fisik dengan penyimpanan pada berbagai suhu selama 12 minggu dan cycling test. Setelah itu diuji anti-inflamasinya pada tikus dibandingkan dengan voltaren emulgel. Nanogel quersetin stabil selama penyimpanan 12 minggu dari organoleptis, homogenitas, pH (4,5-6,0), viskositas (7031-9894 m.Pa.s), daya sebar (4,5-7,1 cm2), ukuran partikel (40-70nm). Efek anti-inflamasi nanogel F3 menunjukan adanya penghambat anti-inflamasi 80,87±3.70%. Berdasarkan hasi penelitian ini nanogel quersetin yang memiliki aktivitas anti -inflamasi pada tikus yang lebih efektif adalah pada konsetrasi quersetin 0,1% (F3) pada tikus dibanding F1 dan F2. kata kunci : quersetin, nanogel, anti-inflamasi Abstract Inflammation is a tissue response to damaging physical or chemical stimuli. This stimulus causes the release of inflammatory mediators, which cause an inflammatory reaction in the form of heat, pain, redness, swelling, and impaired function. One active substance that can inhibit neutrophil infiltration and reduce plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines is quercetin. Quercetin also functions as an antioxidant. In this study, quercetin was made into a nanogel preparation. The advantage of nanogel is that it penetrates the skin more easily, thus improving its anti-inflammatory effectiveness. To determine the concentration of quercetin that can be formulated into nanogel using carbopol 940 as a gel-forming agent and to test whether it meets the characteristics of the gel and to test the anti-inflammatory effectiveness on carrageenan-induced rat paws. Quercetin with concentrations of 0.06%, 0.08%, and 0.1% was formulated into nanogel preparations. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested in mice injected with 1% carrageenan to determine the effective topical dose. The initial stage of the formulation was the preparation of nanosuspensions with quercetin concentrations of 0.06g (F1), 0.08g (F2), 0.1g (F3). The nanosuspensions were added to the gel base with stirring using a homogenizer to obtain nanogels. The nanogels were evaluated for physical stability by storage at various temperatures for 12 weeks and cycling tests. After that, their anti-inflammatory properties were tested in mice compared to voltaren emulgel. Quercetin nanogel was stable during 12 weeks of storage from organoleptic, homogeneity, pH (4.5-6.0), viscosity (7031-9894 m.Pa.s), spreadability (4.5-7.1 cm2), particle size (40-70nm). The anti-inflammatory effect of F3 nanogel showed an anti-inflammatory inhibitor of 80.87±3.70%. Based on the results of this study, quercetin nanogel which has more effective anti-inflammatory activity in mice is at a quercetin concentration of 0.1% (F3) in mice compared to F1 and F2.