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Private Deeds In Civil Evidence Practice: Analysis Of Formal And Material Validity Diana Pujiningsih; Rizki Wahyudi; Yulia Rachmawati; Johannes Triestanto; Rafiqi
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10012

Abstract

Private deeds constitute one of the written evidentiary instruments frequently utilized in Indonesian civil litigation, particularly in disputes arising from contractual relationships and private legal engagements. This study aims to examine the legal standing of private deeds within the civil evidentiary system by emphasizing both formal validity and substantive validity, as well as their implications in judicial proof. The analysis focuses on the normative regulation of private deeds under the Indonesian Civil Code, doctrines of civil evidence law, and scholarly perspectives developed in national legal journals. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through library research, encompassing legislation, legal textbooks, and relevant academic journal articles addressing private deeds and their evidentiary force. The data were analyzed qualitatively to assess the coherence between positive legal norms and their application in judicial practice. The findings indicate that private deeds possess a relative evidentiary value, which depends on the fulfillment of formal requirements, namely written form and the signatures of the parties, as well as substantive requirements relating to the authenticity and legality of the content. When both the signature and the substance of the deed are acknowledged by the interested parties, a private deed may function as strong evidence before the court. Conversely, when denial or dispute arises, such a deed requires corroboration by other forms of evidence to strengthen its probative value. Accordingly, formal and substantive validity play a decisive role in determining the effectiveness of private deeds in civil evidentiary proceedings.
Civil Lawsuits Against Business Entities in Judicial Practice Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti; Rafiqi; Andria Marchelia; Markus Suryoutomo; Rizki Wahyudi
International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol. 8 No. 1: Januari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/ijhess.v8i1.10114

Abstract

Unlawful acts constitute one of the fundamental bases for civil litigation within the Indonesian civil law system, particularly when the defendant is a business entity. In judicial practice, business entities as legal persons are frequently involved in commercial activities that may result in losses to other parties, including consumers, business partners, and the broader public. Consequently, claims based on unlawful acts serve as an essential legal mechanism to seek accountability for conduct that violates legal norms and causes damage. This article aims to examine the procedural framework for filing unlawful act claims against business entities in civil courts, to analyze the legal elements that must be established, and to identify evidentiary challenges commonly encountered during litigation. The research adopts a normative juridical method, employing statutory analysis, legal doctrines, and a review of relevant court decisions. The findings indicate that unlawful act claims against business entities tend to be more complex than those directed at individual defendants, particularly in proving the element of fault and establishing a causal link between the conduct and the resulting harm. Moreover, divergent judicial interpretations of the elements of unlawful acts contribute to inconsistencies in court rulings. Judicial decisions in cases involving unlawful acts committed by business entities have significant implications for legal certainty, the protection of injured parties’ rights, and the development of standards of legal responsibility in the business sector. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the construction of unlawful act claims, along with a strengthened judicial role, is essential to ensure justice and legal certainty in civil law enforcement.
Peran Pedagang Muslimah dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Keluarga di Pasar Aurduri Kota Jambi Agustina, Adinda Putri; Rafiqi, Rafiqi; Aprizal, Yusuf Zaini
Najaha Iqtishod: Journal of Islamic Economic and Finance Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/jief.v6i2.49733

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuai bagaimana peran pedagang muslimah dalam meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga di Pasar Aurduri Kota Jambi, metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh yang berjumlah 63 pedagang muslimah. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan peran pedagang muslimah dalam meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga dapat membantu memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari, motivasi pedagang muslimah dalam meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga karena faktor ekonomi dan aktualisasi diri dengan tujuan membantu meringankan beban suami, tinjauan ekonomi Islam terhadap peran pedagang muslimah dalam meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga di Pasar Aurduri Kota Jambi secara umum sesuai dengan syarat-syarat perempuan bekerja dalam Islam
LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST THIRD PARTIES IN GOOD FAITH IN THE PROCESS OF ASSET CONFISCATION OF CORRUPTION CRIMES (STUDY ON PT. ASABRI) Nasution, Emil Mursyidin; Ramadhan, M. Citra; Rafiqi, Rafiqi
SOSIOEDUKASI Vol 14 No 4 (2025): SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6966

Abstract

This study examines legal protection for good-faith third parties in the process of asset confiscation for corruption crimes, focusing on the case of PT. ASABRI. The main issues examined include: (1) what form of legal protection for good-faith third parties takes under the Indonesian legal system; (2) the legal obstacles faced by third parties in defending their rights to confiscated assets; and (3) the implementation of legal protection in the practice of asset confiscation in the PT. ASABRI corruption case. The type of research used is normative juridical, namely research that emphasizes literature studies through analysis of laws and regulations, legal doctrine, court decisions, and relevant legal literature. This study uses Gustav Radbruch's legal value approach, which includes justice, legal certainty, and utility as a normative analytical framework for legal protection. The nature of this research is descriptive and analytical, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of legal regulations and their implementation in practice, as well as to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for good-faith third parties. The research results indicate that although legal protection is normatively available, its implementation still faces various obstacles, such as overlapping criminal and civil law, and the lack of adequate defense mechanisms for third parties in asset confiscation proceedings.
Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Kontrak Bencana Iklim sebagai Force Majeure Rafiqi, Rafiqi; Hamzah, Alvin
Rechtsnormen Jurnal Komunikasi dan Informasi Hukum Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Edisi Februari
Publisher : Ilmu Bersama Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56211/rechtsnormen.v4i2.1529

Abstract

Perubahan iklim global telah meningkatkan frekuensi bencana alam ekstrem yang secara langsung mengancam stabilitas pemenuhan prestasi dalam kontrak komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualifikasi bencana iklim sebagai keadaan memaksa (force majeure) berdasarkan Pasal 1244 dan 1245 KUHPerdata, serta mengevaluasi batasan tanggung jawab para pihak guna menjaga keseimbangan antara prinsip Pacta Sunt Servanda dan asas keadilan. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kriteria tradisional force majeure, khususnya unsur ketidakterdugaan (unforeseeability), mengalami pergeseran akibat kemajuan sains meteorologi yang memungkinkan prediksi bencana iklim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan kontrak di era krisis iklim memerlukan redefinisi standar kehati-hatian (due diligence) dan penguatan klausul adaptif atau renegosiasi (hardship clause) untuk menghindari ketidakpastian hukum. Hakim diharapkan tidak hanya melihat bencana sebagai peristiwa alam semata, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan kemampuan mitigasi risiko para pihak dalam memutus sengketa kontrak.
Land Acquisition Policy for Public Interest from a Human Rights Perspective Rafiqi, Rafiqi; Sri Wahyuni, Windy
JURNAL AKTA Vol 13, No 1 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v13i1.50685

Abstract

This article examines land acquisition policies for public interest from a human rights perspective. Although land acquisition is essential for national development, its implementation often generates agrarian conflicts and potential violations of land rights. This situation reflects the tension between development objectives and the obligation to protect the rights of affected communities. This study aims to analyze the conformity of land acquisition policies for public interest with human rights principles and to assess legal protection for affected communities. It also seeks to formulate recommendations for land acquisition policies that promote justice and ensure the respect and protection of human rights. This research adopts a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and human rights approaches. The study is based on a literature review of laws and regulations, legal doctrines, court decisions, and national and international human rights instruments related to land acquisition. What The main findings of this study indicate that land acquisition policies for public interest in Indonesia tend to emphasize procedural legality rather than substantive justice, particularly in protecting the rights of affected communities. The research reveals that limitations in meaningful participation and fair compensation weaken human rights protection. The novelty of this study lies in positioning human rights principles as substantive evaluative benchmarks for land acquisition policies, offering an original contribution to strengthening agrarian justice within the existing legal framework.
Co-Authors Abdul Lawali Hasibuan Aditya Pratama Aditya Pratama Adriansyah Putra, Dimas Afriyanti, Suviya Agustina, Adinda Putri Alicia, Bunga Alissa, Evalina Amanda, Chealsy Amri Amir AMRI, ARY DEAN Andika Try Anantama Andria Marchelia Aprizal, Yusuf Zaini Arfah, Arfah Arie Kartika Arifin, Syasyain Atiyyah, Jazilatul Bahri, Zainul Butar, Zeefs Royce M. Butar- Chandra Prayuda Dany Saputra, Anugrah Darwisyah, Darwisyah Dean Amri, Ary Dedi Harianto Diana Pujiningsih Diandra Alifa Risha Dwi Hastuti Edi Warman Enggrani Fitri, Lucky Erick Wellington Sirait Fadhlurrahman Fadhlurrahman Falentino Surya Situmorang Fitri Yanni Dewi Siregar Ginting, Tomi Elvisa Hamzah, Alvin Handari, Fitri Hansein Arif Wijaya Hasibuan, Suhaily Amri Hendra, Robi Hendriyaldi Hernando, Riski Idris , Abdullah Indah Lestari, Indah Inggriani Powa, Natasya Iqbal Bafadhal, Muhammad Isnaini Johannes Triestanto LUBIS, PAULINA Lutfi Lutfi MAHMUL SIREGAR Markus Suryoutomo Marlina Marlina Marsella Marsella Marsella Marsella Marsella Marsella Marsella2 Maswandi Muazza Muazza Muhammad Citra Ramadhan Muhammad Ridho Al Hasymi Daulay Muhammad Rifkih Alfaris Munawir, Zaini Muniifah, Nur Nanang Tomi Sitorus Nasution, Emil Mursyidin Natasya Yunita Sugiastuti Nurida Isnaeni Olivia Napitupulu Pahmi, Ismail Panjaitan, Lola Parnawi, Afi Pratiwi, Heni putriani Rama Sari Atiwiz Purba Ridho Mubarak Ridhwan , Ridhwan Ridhwan Ridhwan, Ridhwan Riswan Munthe Rizkan Zulyadi Rizki Wahyudi Roihan, Muhammad Saputra, Rivo Sirait, Erick Wellington Siregar, Zulkifli Anwar Siti Hawa Lubis Sri Wahyuni, Windy Suhaidi Suhaidi Sukmawati, Nur Tarigan, Indra Jaya Sakti Turnip, Palber Tuti Indah Sari Utary Maharani Barus Widiastuti, Fitri Windy Sri Wahyuni Wulandari, Pina Yulia Rachmawati Zufriyatun, Zufriyatun Zukhoiriyah, Siti