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The Pattern of Antibiotic Prescription and Antimicrobial Resistance of Gut Flora Escherichia coli at Aisyiyah Hospital, Bojonegoro Hidayah, Ana Nurlaili; Hasmono, Didik; Thayyib, Muqoddar; Kuntaman, K
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 56 No. 2 (2020): June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (424.3 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v56i2.21227

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the failure of antibiotic to kill bacteria and becomes ineffective in therapeutic purpose. The AMR bacteria is a major health problem worldwide and Indonesia is not exception. AMR is increased by two factors, higher antibiotic use and low compliance in infection control and prevention.  WHO has recommended 7 bacterial indicators as point of view in surveillance, one of these bacteria is Escherichia coli. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between antibiotic use and resistance pattern of gut flora Escherichia coli. The study was conducted at Aisyiyah Hospital, Bojonegoro from June to October 2017. Total 101 patients from internal medicine and surgery department in this hospital were included in this study. Bacterial gut flora were tested against 12 antibiotics by disk diffusion test at the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Universitas Airlangga.. The results showed that the highest quantity of antibiotic use in internal medicine service was cefepime (40,50 DDD) and the highest resistance rate was ciprofloxacin, whereas in the surgical service it was ceftriaxone (132,75 DDD) with the highest E. coli resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The antibiotics use has significant correlation against E. coli resistance on cefotaxime (p=0.046), ceftazidime (p=0.046), ceftriaxone (p=0.017), aztreonam (p=0.024), and cefepime (p=0.010).
The Correlation between icaA and icaD Genes with Biofilm Formation Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro Rachmawati, Dian; Kuntaman, Kuntaman; Alimsardjono, Lindawati
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 55 No. 4 (2019): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (321.506 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v55i4.24388

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify the presence of icaA and icaD genes in S. epidermidis and to analyze the relationship between the presence of icaA and icaD genes with the ability of in vitro biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. S. epidermidis isolates from patients and healthy people were collected and PCR was examined to detect icaA and icaD genes. which then continued to examine the ability of biofilm formation by the method of Congo Red Agar. The results of this genotypic and phenotypic examination were then tested for correlation with statistical tests using SPSS 23.0. A total of 40 S. epidermidis isolates were collected, consisting of 20 clinical isolates and 20 isolates of normal flora. The icaA gene was positive in 5 isolates (12.5%), and 8 isolates (20%) were positive for the icaD gene, 3 isolates with icaA and icaD were both positive. One hundred percent of isolates with icaA or icaD positively formed biofilms, but there were 15 isolates (42.9%) who did not have the icaA gene but showed the ability to form biofilms, while 12 isolates (37.5%) who did not have the icaD gene also formed biofilms. Fifty percent of S. epidermidis isolates showed the ability to form biofilms at CRA. The Fisher Exact test showed a significant relationship between the icaA gene and the ability of biofilm formation (p=0.047 (p<0.05)) as well as the icaD gene (p=0.03 (p<0.05)). The icaA and icaD genes have a significant relationship to biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. There was another mechanism in the formation of biofilms that are not dependent on the ica gene.
Quantity of Antibiotic Use and Resistance Pattern of Gut Normal Flora Escherichia coli at Intensive Care Unit and Tropic Infection Ward, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia Sholeh, Mohammad Akbaruddin; Kuntaman, Kuntaman; Hadi, Usman
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 56 No. 3 (2020): September
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (451.546 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v56i3.24472

Abstract

Resistance to antibiotics is increasing worldwide, including in Indonesia. The use of antibiotics is the most common cause of microorganism resistance. Individuals who received antibiotic therapy impacton changes of normal micro-flora resistance through selective pressure. This study aims to analyze the relationship of the quantity of antibiotic use with the pattern of resistance of gut normal flora Escherichia coliamong patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Tropic Infection Ward, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. This study was cross-sectional design with 64 samples (32 the ICU and 32 in Tropic Infection Ward). The total sample were collected for three Months. Identification of intestinal microflora was done with McConkey differential selective medium, followed by IMViC biochemical test, and sensitivity test by antibiotic disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed with Chi square test and Fisher'sExact test. There was no significant difference (p=0.441) in the quantity of antibiotic use between ICU and Tropic Infection Ward. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in normal intestinal flora Escherichia coli resistance pattern between Tropic Infection Ward and ICU against12 types of antibiotics. Ceftriaxone was the most widely used antibiotic in the Tropic Infection Ward of 54 DDD and ICU of 100 DDD. The highest percentage of intestinal flora Escherichia coli  resistance at the ICU was ceftriaxone as manyas 18 (56.3%) and at Tropic Infection Ward on ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin 20 (62.5%). The other study in Primary Health center, showed that theresistance rates of both wards were significantly different as compared to intestinal flora of patients in primary health center (p <0.001), in whichthe use of antibiotics in primary health center was also lower (1.6 DDD). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) The pattern of bacterial resistance between patient with and without antibiotic use at Tropic Infection Ward and ICU Conclusion: the quantity of antibiotic use was not significantly different against resistnt gut flora between patients in ICU and Tropic Infection ward. The pattern of bacterial resistance between patient with and without antibiotic use was also not significantly different.
Detection Of Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase (ESBL) Gene Patterns Of Enterobacteriaceae In Broiler Chicken Meat Sold In Traditional Markets In The East Surabaya Binti Mu’arofah; Radita Yuniar Arizandy; Budi Utomo; Kuntaman Kuntaman
STRADA : Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Vol. 9 No. 1 (2020): May
Publisher : Universitas STRADA Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30994/sjik.v9i1.264

Abstract

This study was to analyze the pattern of colonization of ESBL-producing bacteria and ESBL gene patterns in broiler chicken meat. Random sampling was chosen for collecting broiler chicken meat. One hundred portions of broiler chicken meat were taken from the Traditional Market in East Surabaya. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. Bacteria were growth in TSB media then screened for ESBL production on McConkey Agar with Cefotaxime 2ug/ml. Afterward, continue for phenotypic screening using Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). Finally, the detection of ESBL gene by using PCR. ESBL-producing bacteria were found in 33 (33%) broiler chicken samples with thirty positive E. coli, and three positive samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Positive gene detection in SHV genes (1%), TEM genes (18%) and CTX-M genes (24%). ESBL producing bacteria have spread in broiler chicken meat (33%) sold in traditional markets, including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Molecular characteristics of the gyrA gene among rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates Aquaresta, Febriana; Kuntaman, Kuntaman; Dewi, Lisa; Syaiful, Irbasmantini
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Available online : 1 June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v5i1.96

Abstract

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health threat, especially during this pandemic. Meanwhile, fluoroquinolone is used as a second-line multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) treatment since this drug was previously prescribed for respiratory, urinary, and genital tract infections. However, unregulated and excessive use of fluoroquinolones leads to resistance. Methods: The design of this study is a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional approach. This study aims to determine the pattern of gyrA gene mutation in fluoroquinolone resistance among rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sumatra, Indonesia. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were stored in the Palembang Health Center Laboratory as the referral laboratory in Sumatra from January to December 2020. Out of the 233 isolates that were tested phenotypically by BACTEC MGIT, 8 isolates of fluoroquinolone resistance (ofloxacin or moxifloxacin or both) were obtained and sequenced using an ABI PRISM 3730XL analyzer for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism analysis (SNP). Results: Among the six fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, the gyrA mutations were identified in 5/6 isolates (84%), A90V (34%), D94A (16%), and D94G (34%), while 1/6 isolates (16%) had no mutation in gyrA gene among Mycobacterium tuberculosis that were fluoroquinolone resistance. Conclusion: The gyrA gene mutation in fluoroquinolone resistance among rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was commonly present in codon 90 (2/6 isolates =32%) and 94 (3/6 isolates=68%).
Detection of Enterobacteriaceae Lactose Fermenter Bacteria Producing Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) in Food Samples at Surabaya Parawidnyaningsih, Putu Ayu Aryanda; masfufatun, masfufatun; Listyawati, Agusniar Furkani; Kuntaman, Kuntaman; Sudibya, Akhmad
Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 12, No 2: October 2023
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/bioma.v12i2.16618

Abstract

Snacks sold on the side of the road are often purchased because they are practical and cheap. The condition of food sold in the open causes a decrease in food hygiene, so bacteria will easily contaminate, both due to flies infesting it and direct contact with the hands of people around it. One group of bacteria that can cause infection and often contaminate food is Enterobacteriaceae. These bacteria can produce Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes that cause resistance to various antibiotics (MDR). This research aims to detecting ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae lactose fermenter bacteria in street food sold on the side of the road in the Dukuh Kupang market area, Surabaya. This study is descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional research design. A total of 50 snack food samples were grown on MacConkey agar containing cefotaxime at four micrograms per milliliter. Then an ESBL confirmation test was carried out using the double disk synergy test (DDST). The Result showed that 13 (26%) samples of snack foods were contaminated. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae Lactose Fermenter bacteria are ubiquitous. The most contaminated snack food was cassava, while the non-contaminated snack food was stuffed tofu.
Co-Authors A. M. Widya A.A.W., I Wayan Putra Abdul Khairul Rizki Purba Mustofa Indwiani Astuti AFAF BAKTIR Agung Dewi Sekar Agus Santosa Agus Santosa akhmad sudibya, akhmad Alimsardjono, Lindawati Aquaresta, Febriana Ardani, I Gusti Wahju Ardhiya Puspita Ardi Eko Marsanto Arina Setyaningtyas Aryati , Aryati Aryati Aryati Aryati Aryati Bahraini, Fahrisah Nurfadeliah Benediktus Yohan Binti Mu’arofah Bramantono Bramantono, Bramantono Budi Prasetyo Budi Utomo Budiono Budiono Deby Kusumaningrum Dewi, Lisa Dharmawati, Ira Dian Neni Naelasari Dian Rachmawati Diani Dwi Indrasari Didik Hasmono Dwiyanti Puspitasari, Dwiyanti Eddy Bagus Wasito Eddy Bagus Wasito Eko B. Koendhori Eko Budi Khoendori Eko Budi Koendhori, Eko Budi Erni J. Nelwan, Erni J. Erni Juwita Nelwan, Erni Juwita Fourier Dzar Eljabbar Latief Gondo Mastutik Hardiono Hardiono Hari Basuki Notobroto Hari Paraton Hari Paraton Hidayah, Ana Nurlaili Ida Bagus Narmada Iqhrammullah, Muhammad Ira Widjiastuti Irwanto Irwanto Ishak Samuel Wuwuti Kartuti Debora, Kartuti Kusbaryanto L. Alimsardjono Latief Mooduto, Latief Linda Dewanti Listyawati, Agusniar Furkani Maftuchah Maftuchah Margyaningsih, Nur Ita Maria Inge Lusida Marinda Dwi Puspitarini Mariyatul Qiptiyah, Mariyatul Marsheila Harvy Mustikaningtyas Masfufatun Masfufatun Masyeni, Sri Muchlis AU Sofro N. D. Kurniati Naritha Noor Cholies Zaini Nur Dianawati Nurul Ma'rifah P. N. Endraputra Parawidnyaningsih, Putu Ayu Aryanda Pristiawan Navy Endraputra Purnomo, Windu Putu Arya Suryanditha R. Tedjo Sasmono Radita Yuniar Arizandy Rakhmatul Binti Sulistya Regita Cahyani, Nafansya Rini Devijanti Ridwan Risnanda, Kadek Rio Rosantia Sarassari Rosantia Sarassari Rosantia Sarassari Rosantia Sarassari S. R. S. Oktaviani S. Soedarsono Sacharissa Zerlina Tsarwah Thirafi Sasmono, R. Tedjo Semedi, Bambang Pujo Sholeh, Mohammad Akbaruddin Silvia Sutandhio Soekoyo, Agusta Reny Sofro, Muchlis AU Sofro, Muchlis AU. Sri Masyeni, Dewa Ayu Putri Sulistiawati Sulistiawati Syaiful, Irbasmantini Tamara Yuanita Terza Aflika Happy Thayyib, Muqoddar Triffit Imasari UNTUNG MURDIYATMO Usman Hadi Wahyu Setyarini Wahyu Setyorini Wahyu, Agung Dwi Wahyuni Dyah Parmasari, Wahyuni Dyah Windu Purnomo Wiwiek Tyasningsih WJ. Pudjirahardjo Yasmeen Lashari Yoeke Dewi Rasita Yohan, Benediktus