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Journal : Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science

Phytochemical Profiling, Antibacterial Properties and Toxicity of Amla Fruit Tea (Phyllanthus emblica L.): An In Vitro and In Silico Study Cahyaningrum, Putu Lakustini; Sudaryati, Ni Luh Gede; Bogoriani, Ni Wayan; Asih, Ida Ayu Raka Astiti; Adnyana, I Made Dwi Mertha; Jenar, Putut Dewantha
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.284

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance represents a critical global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic agents. This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of amla fruit tea (Phyllanthus emblica L.) through comprehensive phytochemical characterization, antibacterial assessment, and computational modeling to identify potential mechanisms of action. LC-HRMS analysis was employed for phytochemical profiling, antibacterial activity was evaluated via disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and molecular docking studies were conducted against tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and FimH adhesin proteins. Analysis identified 89 bioactive compounds, with oxidized hydroxytetrahydrofuranyl acetate, L-α-palmitin, and ellagic acid predominating. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli was evaluated via the disk diffusion method, revealing that moderate inhibition increased at higher concentrations (25%) and with extended exposure, with E. coli exhibiting greater susceptibility than S. aureus. Molecular docking studies against tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (S. aureus) and FimH adhesin protein (E. coli) identified the W-18 benzenesulfonamide derivative as the most promising compound, which demonstrated strong binding affinities of -11.01 and -7.48 kcal/mol, respectively. While all five principal compounds met Lipinski's drug-likeness criteria, toxicological assessment revealed varying safety profiles, with two compounds classified as "possibly hazardous" and two as "toxic when swallowed." These findings suggest that amla fruit tea has antibacterial properties through two mechanisms: disruption of protein synthesis and bacterial adhesion. However, its efficacy remains considerably lower than that of conventional antibiotics, suggesting potential applications as complementary therapy rather than antibiotic replacement.
Genetic Diversity and Multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Southeast Asia: New Insights from a Systematic Review Praswitasari, Rengganis; Husada, Dominicus; Hasan, Nur Aini; Adnyana, I Made Dwi Mertha
Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Articles in Press
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.357

Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum caused four million new malaria cases in Southeast Asia in 2023, with heterogeneous transmission patterns and the development of artemisinin resistance. The merozoite surface protein genes (msp-1 and msp-2) serve as genetic markers for analyzing the parasite population structure and multiplicity of infection (MOI). However, a comprehensive synthesis of regional data is limited. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and MOI of P. falciparum in Southeast Asia. This systematic review was guided by PRISMA guidelines with searches in the Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases (2014–2024). The inclusion criterion was observational studies, analyzing the genetic diversity of P. falciparum via msp-1 and msp-2 markers in Southeast Asia. The extracted data included the frequency of msp-1 and msp-2 family alleles, the prevalence of polyclonal infections, and the mean MOI value. Quality assessment was performed via the joanna briggs institute critical appraisal tools with narrative synthesis following the synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines. Fifteen studies; Indonesia (40%), Thailand (26.67%), Myanmar (20%), Vietnam and Malaysia (6.66%) with 1,830 samples successfully genotyped from 2,130 collected samples. The MAD20 (msp-1) allele dominated most locations, with frequencies of up to 100% in Lampung. The distribution of msp-2 alleles showed geographical variation, with FC27 dominating in Papua (96.2%) and 3D7/IC in Vietnam (97.0%). The prevalence of polyclonal infection ranged from 0-84.6%, with MOI values ranging from 1.0-2.93. The hyperendemic areas presented high MOIs (>2.0), whereas the hypoendemic areas presented MOIs close to 1.0, confirming a positive correlation with malaria transmission intensity. The P. falciparum population in Southeast Asia shows high genetic diversity, with geographically variable allele distribution patterns, and MOI values are correlated with malaria endemicity levels. These findings support the need for regional molecular surveillance and a polyvalent approach to the development of msp-based vaccines.
Co-Authors Agustini, Desak Gede Dwi Al Karina, Citra Anak Agung Komang Suardana Annissa Delfira Ariastuti, Indria Arifin, Alief Qobidh Al Bashor Artha Budi Susila Duarsa Arundani, Prima Asik Surya Asty, Zahra Frizki Bimantara, Riza Fajar Biutifasari, Verna Budi Utomo Cempakasari, Aulia Cruz, Zito Viegas da da Cruz , Zito Viegas Dewi, Gusti Ayu Putu Wahyu Purnama Dewi, Ni Luh Made Noviana Dominicus Husada Dwinka Syafira Eljatin Eljatin, Dwinka S. Farachatus Salwa Salsabila Azhari Hafinuddin Hafinuddin Hasan, Nur Aini Herdiyantini, Mita Hutami, Firdha Yekti I P. Sudiartawan I Putu Sudiartawan I Wayan Wahyudi, I Wayan I. A. R. Astiti Asih Indrayanti, Ni Komang Rina Ismail Muhammad Jundaeng, Jarupat Juniastuti Juniastuti Kusman Ibrahim Liliawanti Luh Nik Armini Lutfian, Lutfian Machado, Filipe de Neri Mahendra, Kadek Adi Maulana, Sidik Muhamad Frendy Setyawan Muhammad Bayu Zohari Hutagalung Muhammad Ridho Akbar Eljatin Muhammad Rizal N. W. Bogoriani Nadya Aisyah Sasqia Putri Ni Ketut Ayu Juliasih Ni Luh Gede Sudaryati Niken Irfa Nastiti Nuartha, Pande Komang Aditya Ryan Nugraheni, Pramita Anindya Panduyasa, I Gede Pereira, Abrão J. Prabowo, Sang Kompyang Yudistira Eddy Pramita Anindya Nugraheni Prasetya, Hanung Praswitasari, Rengganis Pratama A., Ronald Prima Arundani Putra, I Gede Satya Wijaya Putra, Oki Nugraha Putri, Ida Ayu Govinda Lazenobia De Sanjaya Putu Lakustini Cahyaningrum Putut Dewantha Jenar Rahmawati, Tiara Raza, Syed Meesam Renata Prameswari Ronald Pratama Adiwinoto Sadya Wendra Savitri, Ida Ayu Gede Winda Setiadi M Noor Soedarsono Soedarsono Sridana, I Nyoman STEFANUS DJONI HUSODO Suardana, A.A Komang Sudaryati, Ni LG. Sudiartawan, I Putu Sugiarta, Ketut Merdana Sundari, Ni Luh Putu Ari Suniartini, Ketut Suwandani, Ni Made Ayu Syahputri, Dewi Syed Meesam Raza Tasalina Yohana Parameswari Gustam Tika, Fanny Eprilia Ulwani, Qulistan Balqis Umar, Tungki Pratama Uswatun Hasanah Widiastiti, Ni Nyoman Widyantari, Dewa Ayu Wijayaningrum, Lena Wyasena, Pande Nyoman Tri Saguna Zuriat Zuriat