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Aswi, Aswi
Department Of Statistics, Universitas Negeri Makassar
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Journal : m a t h l i n e jurnal matematika dan pendidikan matematika

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Determinants of Maternal Mortality in Indonesia: A B-Spline Nonparametric Regression Approach to Identify Nonlinear Relationship Patterns Annas, Suwardi; Aswi, Aswi; Hidayat, Rahmat
Mathline : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Mathline : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika
Publisher : Universitas Wiralodra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/mathline.v11i1.1015

Abstract

Maternal health quality is commonly assessed using the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR), which remains relatively high in Indonesia compared to regional and global targets. Understanding the determinants of MMR is therefore crucial for effective health policy formulation. This study aims to analyze the influence of three key factors on MMR in Indonesia: the percentage of women aged 15–49 who have ever been married and given birth to a live child, the percentage of households with access to proper sanitation, and the average years of schooling. To capture potential nonlinear relationships that may not be adequately addressed by conventional parametric regression models, this study employs a nonparametric B-spline regression approach. The analysis was conducted using the R statistical software. Model selection was based on the Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) criterion to determine the optimal spline configuration. The results show that the optimal model achieves a minimum GCV value of 0.108 and an R² value of 0.8981, indicating a strong explanatory power and excellent model fit. The findings reveal that all three predictor variables have a significant and nonlinear effect on MMR. These results highlight the importance of considering flexible modeling approaches in maternal health studies and provide empirical evidence to support the development of more targeted and effective policies aimed at reducing maternal mortality in Indonesia.
Co-Authors A. Nurul Amalia AA Sudharmawan, AA Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahmat Abidin, Muh. Zulkifli Abidin, Muhammad Rais Ahmar, Ansari Saleh Aidid, Muhammad Kasim Aisyah Putri , Siti Choirotun Ambo Upe Andi Feriansyah Andi Feriansyah Andi Gagah Palarungi Taufik Andi Gagah Palarungi Taufik Andi Muhammad Ridho Yusuf Sainon Andin P Andi Shahifah Muthahharah Ankaz As Sikib Annas, Suwardi Annas, Suwardi Annas, Suwardi Annas, Suwarni Aprilia Wardani Syam , Dewi Arbianingsih Asrirawan Assagaf, Said Fachry Awaluddin Awaluddin Awi Awi Awi Dassa, Awi Awi, Awi Bakri, Nurul Aulya Besse Sulfiani Bobby Poerwanto Bobby Poerwanto Bobby Poerwanto Bustan, Muhammad Nadjib Cramb, Susanna Diana Eka Pratiwi Eka Hadrayani Fahmuddin, Muhammad Fahmuddin, Muhammad Fajar Arwadi Folorunso, Serifat Adedamola Haekal, Muh. Fahri Halimah Husain Hammado, Nurussyariah Herman, Nur Taj Alya’ Hidayat , Rahmat Hisyam Ihsan Huriati, Huriati Idul Fitri Abdullah Ikhwana, Nur Irwan Irwan Irwan, Irwan Ishma Azizah S Isnaini, Mardatunnisa Isnaini, Wulan Maulia Kaito, Nurlaila Lalu Ramzy Rahmanda M Nadjib Bustan M. Miftach Fakhri Mahadtir, Muhamad Mangkona, Andi Ilham Azhar Mar'ah, Zakiyah Mardatunnisa Isnaini Mauliyana, Andi Muhammad Abdy Muhammad Abdy Muhammad Abdy Muhammad Abdy Muhammad Ammar Naufal Muhammad Arif Tiro Muhammad Arif Tiro Muhammad Arif Tiro Muhammad Arif Tiro Muhammad Arif Tiro Muhammad Arif Tiro, Muhammad Arif Muhammad Fahmuddin Muhammad Fahmuddin Muhammad Fahmuddin Sudding Muhammad Kasim Aidid Muttaqin, Imam Akbar Natalia, Derliani Nini Harnikayani Hasa Novianti, Andi Rima Nur Aziza S Nurhikmawati, Nurhikmawati Nurhilaliyah Nurhilaliyah Nurhilaliyah Nurhilaliyah Nurhilaliyah Nurhilaliyah, Nurhilaliyah Nurkaila Kaito Nurlia Nurlia Nurul Fadilah Syahrul Nurul Ilmi Nurwan, Nurwan Nusrang, Muhammad Oktaviana Oktaviana Oktaviana Oktaviana Palarungi, Andi Gagah Panessai Sir Poerwanto, Bobby Poerwanto, Bobby Poewanto, Bobby Putri Ananda, Elma Yulia Putri, Siti Choiratun Aisyah Putri, Siti Choirotun Aisyah Rahma, Ina Rahman, Abdul Rahmat Hidayat Rahmat Hidayat Rahmawati Rahmawati Rahmawati Rais, Zulkifli Ramadani, Reski Aulia Rezki Amalia Idrus Riska Saputri Risma Mastory Ruliana Ruliana Ruliana Ruliana Ruliana Ruliana Ruliana Ruliana, Ruliana S, Muhammad Fahmuddin Sahlan Sidjara Saleh, Andi Rahmat Salsabila, Afifah Sapriani Shanty, Meyrna Vidya Siti Choirotun Aisyah Putri Sitti Aminah Sri Ayu Astuti Sri Rahayu Stevani Stevani Suardi, Shafira Suci Amaliah Sudarmin Sudarmin Sudarmin Sudarmin Sudarmin Sudarmin Sudarmin Sudarmin Sukarna Sukarna Sukarna Sukarna Sukarna Sukarna Sukarna Sukarna Sukarna Sukarna, Sukarna Sulistiawaty Sulistiawaty, Sulistiawaty Sumarni Sumarni Supriadi Yusuf Susanna Cramb Suwardi Annas Suwardi Annas Syafruddin Side Syamsiar, Syamsiar Taufik, Andi Gagah Palarungi Vivianti Vivianti Vivianti Wahidah Sanusi Wea, Maria Dominggo Yassar, La Ode Salman Yudi, Wanda Yunus, Sitti Rahma Zulhijrah Zulhijrah Zulhijrah Zulhijrah Zulhijrah Zulkifli Rais