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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

Transmission-Based Energies of Prime Coprime Graph for Integers Modulo Group Romdhini, Mamika Ujianita; Abdurahim; Maharani, Andika Ellena Saufika Hakim; Kamali, Siti Raudhatul
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.759-765

Abstract

Graphs are an excellent instrument that provides an algebraic structure for visualizing and interpreting molecule structures and characteristics. As a result, the problem statement arises regarding how we can interpret graphs with eigenvalues concerning their corresponding matrices. Such questions can be answered by studying spectral graph theory. This research focuses on graphs whose vertex sets are group elements in which the structure of ℤn groups and the definition of a prime coprime graph serve as the foundation for the graph building used in this study. The matrix construction of the graph is based on transmission-based matrices including Weiner-Hosoya and distance signless Laplacian matrices. Research methods include investigating the transmission properties and formulation of the characteristic equation using block matrices. The results obtained are a comprehensive analysis of eigenvalues, spectrum, and spectral radius leading to the prime coprime graph energy for ℤn groups corresponding to both matrices.
Delta Degree-Based Indices of Prime Coprime Graph for Integers Modulo Group Abdurahim; Romdhini, Mamika Ujianita; Qudsi, Jihadil; Al-Sharqi, Faisal; Rodzi, Zahari Md.
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.10-18

Abstract

Research on prime coprime graphs of finite groups has largely focused on structural properties, spectra, and classical topological indices, with limited attention given to delta degree-based indices. To address this gap, this study investigates delta degree-based topological indices of the prime coprime graph constructed on the group of integers modulo n, Zn. In this graph, the vertices correspond to the elements of Zn, and two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if the greatest common divisor of their orders is either 1 or a prime number. In the present work, the focus lies on computing and analyzing several delta degree-based topological indices that are obtained by incorporating the concept of delta degree into classical topological indices, including the delta first Zagreb index, the delta second Zagreb index, the delta hyper Zagreb index, and the delta forgotten index. The methodology involves deriving formulas for these delta-based indices for various values of n, supported by systematic computations and data tabulation. Beyond purely algebraic computation, statistical tools are employed to investigate the relationships between different indices. In particular, a comparative distribution analysis is conducted to determine whether pairs of indices exhibit similar patterns of variability using the Levene test.
Co-Authors Adam Bachtiar Maulachela Agus Kurnia Agus Rahardi, Agus Ahmad Ahmad Al-Sharqi, Faisal Ambar, Jinan Anas, Andy Sofyan Asmaul Husna RS Awanis, Zatta Yumni Ayes Malona Siboro Baihaqi, Muhamad Adzib Biyas Ola Tafakkur Chern, Jann-Long Choirunnisa, Fajarani Dian Syafitri Chani Saputri Fadhilah, Rifdah Faiqotul Mala Fariz Maulana Farwan Farwan Farwan, Farwan Fathul Maulina Wahidah Gayatri, Marena Rahayu Ghoffari, Lalu Hasan Graha, Syifa Salsabila Satya Gusti Ayu Made Arna Putri Gusti Yogananda Karang Habib Ratu Perwira Negara Hapsari, Mufidatul Ghina Harsyiah, Lisa Hendriana, Andri Hernawan, Systa Ambar Wangi Hidayat, Malik Hidayatullah, Azka Farris I Gede Adhitya Wisnu Wardhana I Gede Adhitya Wisnu Wardhana Irwansyah Irwansyah Irwansyah Irwansyah Iskandar, Andri Isnaini Rosyida, Isnaini Karang, Gusti Yogananda Kusuma, Shendy Arya Lailia Awalushaumi Lailia Awalushaumi, Lailia Lalu Puji Indra Kharisma Lalu Riski Wirendra Putra Lestari, Sahin Two Lia Fitta Pratiwi Maharani, Andika Ellena Saufika Hakim Mamika Ujianita Romdhini Mamika Ujianita Romdhini Mamika Ujianita Romdhini, Mamika Ujianita Marwan Marwan Maulana, Fariz Meiliza Muhammad Rijal Alfian MUHAMMAD TAJUDDIN Nurjoko Permata, Reny Amalia Pradana, Satriawan Pratama, Rendi Bahtiar Pratiwi, Lia Fitta Primajati, Gilang Putra, Lalu Riski Wirendra Putri, Syaftirridho Qudsi, Jihadil Qurratul Aini Ramadhan, Hikmal Maulana Ramadhani, Dian Eka Rendi Bahtiar Pratama Reny Amalia Permata Rezky Ramdhaningsih Rio Satriyantara Rizal, Ahmad Ashril Robbaniyyah, Nuzla Af'idatur Robbaniyyah, Nuzla Af’idatur Rodzi, Zahari Md. Roushandy Asri Sahidin, Amir Salwa Salwa Satriawan Pradana Satriawan, Didit Satryantara, Rio Siboro, Ayes Malona Siti Muawanah Siti Raudhatul Kamali Sri Rahmawati Syafitri, Hanna Syaftirridho Putri Syaharuddin Syahroni Hidayat Syaidatussalihah Syaidatussalihah Syamsul Bahri Syechah, Bulqis Nabula Syifa Salsabila Satya Graha Tri Maryono Rusadi Veithzal Rivai Zainal Wahidah, Fathul Maulina Wahyudi, Imam Tri Wardana, I Gede Adhitya Wisnu Wardhana, I Gede Adhiya Wisnu Yumni Awanis, Zata Zata Yumni Awanis Zata Yumni Awanis Zikri, Lalu Muhammad Faiz Zulhan Widya Baskara