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Beyond Co-Expression: Unraveling the Complex Relationship Between PD-L1 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Basal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes Fitria Mayasari; Kenty Wantri Anita; Diah Prabawati Retnani; Rachmad Sarwo Bekti
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 8 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i8.1354

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent non-melanoma skin cancer, characterized by high recurrence rates. Immunotherapy, particularly targeting the Programmed Death-1 (PD-1)/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis, offers a promising therapeutic avenue. The interplay between PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells and the nature of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) is crucial for immune response, yet their relationship in BCC, especially across diverse histological subtypes, remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and TILs density in various BCC subtypes, seeking to elucidate the complexities of their interaction within the tumor microenvironment. Methods: This analytical observational study utilized a cross-sectional design, analyzing 20 archived paraffin-embedded BCC tissue samples from Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital Malang. PD-L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the 22c3 clone and evaluated via the Combined Positive Score (CPS). TILs were semi-quantitatively assessed as percentage infiltration and categorized into low, moderate, and high grades. Histological subtypes of BCC were documented. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between PD-L1 expression and TILs. Results: Of the 20 BCC cases, 55% exhibited PD-L1 positivity (CPS ≥ 1). TILs infiltration was predominantly moderate (70%), with 25% high and 5% low. The cohort included nodular (40%), infiltrating (35%), and basosquamous (25%) as the main subtypes, with specific variants also analyzed. Basosquamous BCC consistently showed positive PD-L1 expression (100% of its cases positive), while nodular and infiltrating subtypes displayed varied PD-L1 expression. TILs distribution also varied across subtypes, with nodular BCC exhibiting the full range from low to high TILs. Overall, no significant correlation was observed between PD-L1 expression and TILs density (Spearman's r = -0.077, p = 0.747). Conclusion: This study confirms PD-L1 expression and TILs presence in BCC but reveals no direct linear correlation between them across the cohort, even when considering broad subtypes. Basosquamous BCC consistently expressed PD-L1. The lack of overall correlation suggests a complex, potentially subtype-specific interplay within the BCC tumor microenvironment, warranting further investigation into functional TILs subsets and other immune modulators.

Pengaruh Pemberian Extra Virgin Olive Oil terhadap Jumlah Sel Granulosa dan Kadar 17 Î² Estradiol Tikus yang di Papar Rhodamin B Setiyaningsih, Fera Yuli; Dwi Jayasa, Pande Made; Sujuti, Hidayat; Retnani, Diah Prabawati
Journal of Ners and Midwifery Vol 5 No 3 (2018)
Publisher : STIKes Patria Husada Blitar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26699/jnk.v5i3.ART.p241-248

The use of dyes in food today is very apprehensive. Many foods contain dyes that are prohibited to be used in food. The addition of the dye will have an impact on health. The aim of this research was to know the effectiveness of the administration of extra virgin olive oil to the number of granulosa cell and 17Î² estradiol level of Rats exposed by rhodamin B. The design of this study was true experimental with post test approach of group design control. The subject of the study was 30 white mice Rattus novergicus in the age of 12 weeks weight average 220 grams and in healthy condition. Rats were divided into 5 groups. Control group without treatment, positive control treatment with rhodamine B 18 mg / 200gr. Treatment 1 administration of rhodamine B 18 mg / 200gr and EVOO (Extra Virgin Olive Oil) 1.5 ml / KgBB, treatment 2 rhodamine B 18 mg / 200gr and EVOO 3 ml / KgBB, treatment 3 rhodamine B 18 mg / 200gr and EVOO 4,5 ml / KgBB. The number of granulosa cells was determined by HE staining, the level of 17Î² estradiol with ELISA. The data was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test, Spearman Rank and Simple Linear Regression with degree of significance Î± <0.05. The average number of granulosa cells and the lowest levels of 17Î² estradiol were found in the positive control group and the highest average was in the treatment group 3. There was one dose that could significantly increase granulosa cells and the beta estradiol levels compared with the treatment group the other with niali Î± <0.05. The administration of EVOO affected the number of granulosa cells and the levels of 17Î² estradiol in rats exposed by rhodamine B.

Beyond Co-Expression: Unraveling the Complex Relationship Between PD-L1 and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Basal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes Fitria Mayasari; Kenty Wantri Anita; Diah Prabawati Retnani; Rachmad Sarwo Bekti
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 8 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i8.1354

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent non-melanoma skin cancer, characterized by high recurrence rates. Immunotherapy, particularly targeting the Programmed Death-1 (PD-1)/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis, offers a promising therapeutic avenue. The interplay between PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells and the nature of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) is crucial for immune response, yet their relationship in BCC, especially across diverse histological subtypes, remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between PD-L1 expression and TILs density in various BCC subtypes, seeking to elucidate the complexities of their interaction within the tumor microenvironment. Methods: This analytical observational study utilized a cross-sectional design, analyzing 20 archived paraffin-embedded BCC tissue samples from Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital Malang. PD-L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the 22c3 clone and evaluated via the Combined Positive Score (CPS). TILs were semi-quantitatively assessed as percentage infiltration and categorized into low, moderate, and high grades. Histological subtypes of BCC were documented. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between PD-L1 expression and TILs. Results: Of the 20 BCC cases, 55% exhibited PD-L1 positivity (CPS ≥ 1). TILs infiltration was predominantly moderate (70%), with 25% high and 5% low. The cohort included nodular (40%), infiltrating (35%), and basosquamous (25%) as the main subtypes, with specific variants also analyzed. Basosquamous BCC consistently showed positive PD-L1 expression (100% of its cases positive), while nodular and infiltrating subtypes displayed varied PD-L1 expression. TILs distribution also varied across subtypes, with nodular BCC exhibiting the full range from low to high TILs. Overall, no significant correlation was observed between PD-L1 expression and TILs density (Spearman's r = -0.077, p = 0.747). Conclusion: This study confirms PD-L1 expression and TILs presence in BCC but reveals no direct linear correlation between them across the cohort, even when considering broad subtypes. Basosquamous BCC consistently expressed PD-L1. The lack of overall correlation suggests a complex, potentially subtype-specific interplay within the BCC tumor microenvironment, warranting further investigation into functional TILs subsets and other immune modulators.

Beyond Tumor Grade: Investigating the Heterogeneity of PD-L1 Expression in Soft Tissue Sarcomas and the Need for Subtype-Specific Analysis Hamka Muhammad Nasir Laitupa; Eviana Norahmawati; RA Rose Khasana Dewi; Rachmad Sarwo Bekti; Diah Prabawati Retnani
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 8 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i8.1350

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a diverse group of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms with considerable histological variety and differing degrees of malignancy. Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is a crucial immunotherapy target in various cancers, but its role and expression patterns in STS, particularly within the Indonesian population, remain inadequately defined. This study aimed to investigate the differences in PD-L1 expression between low-grade and high-grade STS and to determine the correlation between PD-L1 expression and histological grading in an Indonesian cohort. Methods: This analytical observational study utilized a cross-sectional design, incorporating 29 archival paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from STS patients diagnosed at Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. PD-L1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody clone 22c3, and scoring was performed using the Combined Positive Score (CPS). Statistical analyses, including the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation, were employed to evaluate differences and correlations. Results: The majority of STS cases (89.7%) exhibited negative PD-L1 expression. The mean PD-L1 CPS was 0.1429 in low-grade STS and 0.233 in high-grade STS. No statistically significant difference in PD-L1 expression was observed between the low-grade and high-grade groups (p=0.620). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed no significant association between PD-L1 expression (numeric CPS and categorical positivity) and histological grade (r=0.094, p=0.629 for CPS; r=0.102, p=0.600 for interpretation). Conclusion: This study found no significant difference in PD-L1 expression between low-grade and high-grade soft tissue sarcomas, nor a significant correlation with histological grade in the investigated Indonesian patient cohort. These findings suggest that PD-L1 expression, when assessed independently, may not be a reliable prognostic biomarker based solely on tumor grading in STS. Further research with larger sample sizes, encompassing diverse histological subtypes and incorporating additional immune biomarkers, is warranted.

Beyond Tumor Grade: Investigating the Heterogeneity of PD-L1 Expression in Soft Tissue Sarcomas and the Need for Subtype-Specific Analysis Hamka Muhammad Nasir Laitupa; Eviana Norahmawati; RA Rose Khasana Dewi; Rachmad Sarwo Bekti; Diah Prabawati Retnani
Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Vol. 9 No. 8 (2025): Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine & Translational Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/bsm.v9i8.1350

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a diverse group of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms with considerable histological variety and differing degrees of malignancy. Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is a crucial immunotherapy target in various cancers, but its role and expression patterns in STS, particularly within the Indonesian population, remain inadequately defined. This study aimed to investigate the differences in PD-L1 expression between low-grade and high-grade STS and to determine the correlation between PD-L1 expression and histological grading in an Indonesian cohort. Methods: This analytical observational study utilized a cross-sectional design, incorporating 29 archival paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from STS patients diagnosed at Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. PD-L1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody clone 22c3, and scoring was performed using the Combined Positive Score (CPS). Statistical analyses, including the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation, were employed to evaluate differences and correlations. Results: The majority of STS cases (89.7%) exhibited negative PD-L1 expression. The mean PD-L1 CPS was 0.1429 in low-grade STS and 0.233 in high-grade STS. No statistically significant difference in PD-L1 expression was observed between the low-grade and high-grade groups (p=0.620). Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed no significant association between PD-L1 expression (numeric CPS and categorical positivity) and histological grade (r=0.094, p=0.629 for CPS; r=0.102, p=0.600 for interpretation). Conclusion: This study found no significant difference in PD-L1 expression between low-grade and high-grade soft tissue sarcomas, nor a significant correlation with histological grade in the investigated Indonesian patient cohort. These findings suggest that PD-L1 expression, when assessed independently, may not be a reliable prognostic biomarker based solely on tumor grading in STS. Further research with larger sample sizes, encompassing diverse histological subtypes and incorporating additional immune biomarkers, is warranted.

PENDEKATAN DIAGNOSIS DAN TATA LAKSANA LIVEDOID VASCULOPATHY Tazakka, Achmad Aidil; Brahmanti, Herwinda; Ekasari, Dhany Prafita; Retnani, Diah Prabawati
Majalah Kesehatan Vol. 0 No. 00 (2025): Article in Press
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ty9sx738

Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) adalah penyakit trombo oklusif yang melibatkan pembuluh darah superfisial dan mid-dermis. Insidens LV sangat jarang dengan prevalensi 1/100.000 penduduk/tahun. Patogenesis LV berhubungan dengan oklusi dari mikrosirkulasi kapiler kutaneus yang menyebabkan trombosis, infark dan iskemia. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan pendekatan diagnosis dan tata laksana LV berdasarkan temuan klinis yang khas. Perempuan berusia 34 tahun mengeluhkan muncul bercak merah disertai nyeri pada kedua kaki sejak 3 minggu. Bercak berubah menjadi bintil berisi air dan menjadi luka. Luka menutup dengan meninggalkan bekas luka berwarna putih. Pemeriksaan dermatologis pada regio pedis dekstra dan sinistra didapatkan patch eritematosa, vesikel, ulkus, dan atrophie blanche. Pemeriksaan darah didapatkan trombositosis, PT, APTT, dan D-dimer normal, ANA test dan anti-dsDNA negatif. USG Doppler tidak terdapat insufisiensi pembuluh darah. Pemeriksaan histopatologi didapatkan gambaran dilatasi pembuluh darah dengan lumen berisi trombus disertai ekstravasasi eritrosit, infiltrat sel radang limfosit, histiosit di sekitar pembuluh darah. Pasien diberikan asam asetilsalisilat dengan dosis 4 x 80 mg dan metilprednisolon dosis rendah untuk menekan peradangan dalam waktu singkat. Didapatkan perbaikan gejala dan klinis setelah pemberian terapi dalam empat minggu. Penegakkan diagnosis pada kasus ini didasari dengan adanya atrophie blanche yang merupakan karakteristik LV disertai dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium dan histopatologi yang menunjang. Diagnosis banding lain seperti gangguan koagulasi, penyakit autoimun, dan gangguan pembuluh darah telah disingkirkan. Diagnosis dan tata laksana LV perlu ditegakkan dengan cepat dan tepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan mencegah komplikasi.

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