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All Journal Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development (JPH RECODE) Jurnal Abdi Insani Jurnal Kedokteran Mulawarman Wal'afiat Hospital Journal BIOGRAPH-I: Journal of Biostatistics and Demographic Dynamic Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO) WAL'AFIAT HOSPITAL JOURNAL Journal of Mestika Nusantara Satu Community Services Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Proceeding Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Symbiohealth Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Department Of Epidemiology, Faculty Of Public Health, Mulawarman University
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Gambaran Kasus Parotitis Anak Sekolah Dasar di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Loa Bakung Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Herliani, Resda; Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty; Insany, Vicca Yulia; Yuniasih, Arista Dian; Sigit, Ratih Fianni
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 9, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Parotitis is a disease caused by mumps virus infection. The infection attacks the parotid glands, causing symptoms such as fever, swelling on the side of the face accompanied by pain. Data from the Samarinda City Health Office shows that there were 380 cases of mumps from September to early October 2024. The increase in cases also occurred among elementary school children, but there is no definitive data yet that illustrates the number and distribution of parotitis cases. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors for mumps in elementary school children in the Loa Bakung working area. This study is a descriptive study. The sample was 5154 students. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires online in the form of Google Forms and interviews to teachers during field visits. The number of schools that filled out the Google form was 11 schools (91.7%), and the number of classes that filled out the Google form was 55 classes (31.9%). Analysis was conducted on the incidence data of cases, patient characteristics, and school intervention efforts. The study showed the incidence of mumps cases among 238 students, with the highest number at SD Muhammadiyah 5 (37.82%) and the highest attack rate at MI Tijanul Jawahir (13.89%). The majority of the patients were 9 years old (27.94%) and male (53.36%). The main symptoms experienced are swelling in the cheeks (85.5%) and fever (67.3%). The preventive measures taken by the school include the use of masks, provision of handwashing facilities, and granting dispensations. The incidence of mumps cases shows a significant increase in the elementary school environment. Further investigation is needed regarding the factors influencing the high attack rate and prevention strategies. Keywords : Parotitis, attack rate, elementary school, prevention, Samarinda
Kejadian Luar Biasa Gondongan di SD Islam X Samarinda, 2024 Riyanto, Rudy Agus; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Sabena, Mela; Pasiakan, Meli; Erlina, Erlina; Andriani, Rima
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 9, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Mumps outbreaks are a public health issue that still frequently occur in elementary school settings, particularly among children with low immunization coverage. Therefore, a comprehensive epidemiological understanding is needed as a basis for control. This research aims to describe the epidemiological picture and causative factors of the mumps outbreak that occurred at Islamic Elementary School X in Samarinda City in 2024, using a case series design. The outbreak occurred from April to October 2024, while epidemiological data collection and case verification were conducted from December 2nd to 8th, 2024. The analysis uses surveillance data, field observations, and questionnaires administered to parents and teachers A total of 33 confirmed cases of mumps were reported from 291 students during the observation period, with an attack rate of 11.33%. The dominant symptoms found included parotid gland swelling (100%), fever (78.8%), headache (63.6%), and malaise (42.4%). The main risk factors include low MMR immunization coverage (54.5%), close contact between students in classrooms and extracurricular activities, and a lack of public understanding about preventing infectious diseases. The control efforts undertaken include case isolation, classroom disinfection, personal hygiene education, and cross-sector coordination with the Samarinda City Health Office, increased vaccination coverage, and school health education to prevent future outbreaks of mumps, thru additional MMR vaccinations for students who have not completed their doses, monitoring immunization status at the beginning of each school year, and improving personal hygiene education in schools. Keywords : Mumps, outbreak, epidemiology, primary school, vaccination
Hypertension in the Kutai Community in Penyinggahan Village, West Kutai Regency. Is There a Relationship with Physical Activity? A Cross-Sectional Study Wahyudi, Wahyudi; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Siswanto, Siswanto; Arfandi, Muh. Amri
Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/7gn2xy19

Abstract

Hypertension is a major health problem in Indonesia, with a prevalence rate of 39.3% in East Kalimantan, including in West Kutai Regency. This study aims to analyze the relationship between consumption of high-risk foods and beverages and physical activity with the incidence of hypertension among the Kutai people in the working area of the Penyinggahan Health Center. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 with a sample of 140 respondents aged 30–64 years selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using FFQ and IPAQ questionnaires and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact Test), and multivariate (Logistic Regression) methods. The results showed that 51.4% of respondents suffered from hypertension, with significant associations found with high-risk BMI (p=0.000; OR=3.699), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p<0.05), and consumption of fat, oil, salt, and sugar (p<0.05). No significant relationships were found with protein, fiber, potassium, fruits, vegetables, age, gender, or ethnicity. In conclusion, high-risk BMI, inadequate physical activity, and dietary patterns low in protein, fiber, and potassium are dominant risk factors for hypertension among the Kutai people.
Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Across Age Groups in Urban Indonesia: A WHO STEPS-Based Study Muh. Amri Arfandi; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azka, Arlina; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Siswanto, Siswanto; Risva, Risva; Azmiardi, Akhmad
Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/2h9dbt57

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public health concern, with risk factors increasingly observed among younger populations. To describe and compare behavioral and biological NCD risk factors among adolescents (15–19 years), young adults (20–24 years), and adults (25–59 years) in Samarinda, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 242 respondents using the WHO STEPS questionnaire, covering behavioral factors (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and biological factors (BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol). Smoking was highest among young adults (22.2%) versus adolescents (9.3%) and adults (17.7%). Adolescents reported relatively higher alcohol use (12.4%). Young adults showed more sedentary behavior (40%). Fruit consumption was inadequate across all groups. Overweight/obesity prevalence increased with age: adolescents (19.4%), young adults (24.4%), adults (54.4%). Adults showed higher hypertension (44.1%) and high cholesterol (35.3%). Behavioral risks emerge during adolescence, while biological risks accumulate with age. Early prevention targeting youth through community-based education and health monitoring is essential.
Factors Influencing Compliance with Iron Supplementation Among Female Adolescents in Senior High Schools, Samarinda City, 2025 Indriani, Dilla C; Ramadhani, Reza W; Nurlela, Siti; Irirwanas, Intannia D; Zakki Saefurrohim, Muhamad; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Siswanto, Siswanto; Arfandi, Muh. Amri; Risva, Risva
Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/kzn7n063

Abstract

Anemia in adolescent girls is a significant health problem due to increased iron requirements during puberty. Iron supplements are an important intervention, but previous studies have shown that 58.4% of adolescent girls have low compliance rates. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes toward iron supplement consumption among high school students in Samarinda City. This study used a cross-sectional design involving 466 respondents from three secondary schools. Data were collected through an online questionnaire covering knowledge, attitude, and TTD consumption variables. Results showed that 47.2% of respondents had very good knowledge and 90.3% had a positive attitude. Bivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between knowledge and TTD consumption (OR = 1.039; 95% CI: 0.680–1.587; p = 0.860). Conversely, attitude showed a significant relationship, where students with negative attitudes were less likely to consume TTD (OR = 1.613; 95% CI: 1.052–2.471; p = 0.028). These findings indicate that attitude has a greater influence than knowledge in promoting TTD consumption behavior. Interventions to improve TTD consumption compliance should focus on fostering positive attitudes among adolescent girls.
Understanding Toxoplasmosis in Reproductive-Age Women: Determinants of Infection and Evidence-Based Mitigation Approaches Azka, Arlina; Soviadi, Nabila Vebiana; Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki; Azmiardi, Akhmad; Pakki, Irfansyah Baharuddin; Siswanto; Arfandi, Muh. Amri; Risva
Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher : Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/e53f1q84

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis remains a persistent public health concern among women of reproductive age due to the risk of congenital transmission and severe fetal outcomes. This narrative review aimed to synthesize recent evidence on infection determinants and evaluate evidence-based strategies to mitigate risks, addressing persistent gaps in awareness and intervention efficacy. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published between 2016 and 2025. The findings reveal substantial geographic variation in seroprevalence, influenced by environmental conditions, cultural practices, and socioeconomic disparities. Higher infection rates were consistently reported among older, multiparous, rural, and less-educated women. Key risk factors included consumption of contaminated water, undercooked meat, and poor hygiene practices, while associations with cat ownership were inconsistent. Overall, knowledge and awareness of toxoplasmosis were low among women and healthcare providers. Although educational interventions and antenatal screening demonstrated potential benefits, their effectiveness remains insufficiently evaluated. Integrated, context-specific prevention strategies are urgently needed to reduce infection risk and prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.
Meningitis Vaccination Compliance Among Umrah Pilgrims In Indonesia: A Narrative Review Alwan Zakki Nozomi; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Umrah pilgrimage involves large gatherings of people from around the world, posing a high risk of disease transmission, especially meningococcal meningitis. Therefore, meningitis vaccination is mandatory as an absolute requirement for departure to prevent outbreaks. Although vaccination is mandatory, challenges related to the timeliness and compliance of vaccination at Port Health Offices (KKP) remain a crucial issue in Indonesia. This narrative review aims to synthesize and describe the meningitis vaccination compliance among Umrah pilgrims in Indonesia Objective : summarize, analyze, and interpret research results related to meningitis vaccination compliance among Umrah pilgrims Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This review uses a narrative review method by analyzing 14 journal articles obtained from accredited journals from 2020 to 2025. The criteria for these articles are articles with independent variables focusing on factors related to vaccination compliance with vaccination compliance outcomes, articles with analytical observational designs. Selected articles were analyzed descriptively and narratively Results : results of the analysis show that the factors of knowledge and attitude of pilgrims are related to punctuality and vaccination compliance. In addition, support from the Umrah Travel Organizer (PPIU) or travel agent is also a predictor of compliance Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Compliance with meningitis vaccination among Umrah pilgrims is influenced by internal factors (knowledge and attitude) and external factors (travel support and PPIU support). The main recommendations are to strengthen education focused on the timing of vaccine administration and to improve effective coordination/socialization between KKP and PPIU to bridge the policy implementation gap
Analysis of Factors Related to Employee Satisfaction at Rural HealthCenters in Samarinda Ashri Budi Astuti; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Job satisfaction is an important goal in Human Resources management because it directly and indirectly impacts work productivity. Employee job satisfaction directly impacts organizational commitment, where employees who are satisfied with their work, colleagues, pay, and superiors are more likely to be highly dedicated to the organization Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to employee job satisfaction at Rural Community Health Centers in Samarinda. The research method used was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 179 employees, and the sample size was determined by purposive sampling, with 138 employees. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale Results : The results of the bivariate analysis showed a relationship between income and job satisfaction among Rural Community Health Center employees in Samarinda, with a p-value of 0.00. In addition, the work policy variable also shows a relationship with job satisfaction with a p value of 0.00. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : There is a relationship between income and work policies with employee job satisfaction in rural community health center employees in Samarinda.
Iron Intake and Supplement Adherence as Determinants of Anemia in Pregnancy: A Literature Review Frisca Anggraeni Manik; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background : : Anemia in pregnancy remains a critical global health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries where nutritional deficiencies and limited access to health services persist. Iron deficiency is the leading cause, mainly due to inadequate dietary intake and poor adherence to iron supplementation. Objective : This review aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary iron intake, supplement adherence, and anemia prevalence among pregnant women. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A narrative literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and DOAJ. Articles published from 2020 to 2025 were identified using keywords such as “anemia in pregnancy”, “iron deficiency”, “iron supplementation”, and “adherence”. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed studies involving pregnant women and examining dietary iron intake or supplement adherence in relation to anemia. Results : Findings indicate that low consumption of iron-rich foods and poor adherence to supplementation are major determinants of anemia. Barriers include gastrointestinal side effects, cultural food taboos, limited awareness, and lack of counseling. Education, family support, and healthcare engagement significantly enhance adherence and hemoglobin outcomes. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Combining nutrition education with consistent supplementation effectively reduces anemia prevalence. Integrated, community-based strategies are essential to improving maternal iron status and pregnancy outcomes.
Achievement of capitation indicators based on Performance (kbk) bpjs at puskesmas makroman Samarinda Dwi Listiyani; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background: The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) applies Performance-Based Capitation (KBK) to improve efficiency and service quality at primary health facilities. Makroman Health Center, however, has not consistently met key indicators—contact rate, controlled Prolanis participants, and non-specialistic referral ratios—affecting both service quality and capitation funding. Evidence on KBK implementation in semi-urban primary care settings remains limited.ObjectiveTo describe the achievement of the three KBK indicators—contact rate, controlled Prolanis participant ratio, and non-specialistic referral ratio—and analyze their implications for capitation payments at Makroman Health Center, Samarinda, during 2022–2024. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : This descriptive observational study used secondary quantitative data from BPJS Health and the P-Care application. Variables included the three KBK indicators and corresponding capitation fund adjustments. Data were collected through document review and analyzed descriptively to identify annual trends and performance achievements across the study period. Results : Performance achievement varied over the three years. The contact rate rose from 45.02‰ in 2022 to 77.21‰ in 2024 but remained far below the KBK target of 150‰, indicating limited service accessibility. The non-specialistic referral ratio consistently met the <2% target in 2023–2024, showing improved primary care case management. However, the proportion of controlled Prolanis participants remained below the minimum 5% target throughout the period, reflecting ongoing challenges in chronic disease management. As a result, capitation payment adjustments ranged only from 85% to 90% of the expected amount. These findings demonstrate progress in referral control but persistent gaps in accessibility and chronic care continuity. Conclusion / Lesson Learned : KBK implementation at Makroman Health Center has not yet reached optimal performance. While referral quality has improved, low contact rates and poor Prolanis control continue to reduce capitation payments. Strengthening outreach activities, data quality monitoring, and structured Prolanis programs is essential for improving service performance and maximizing the effectiveness of KBK as a performance-based financing mechanism.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Ahmad Fadhlil Azhim Adrianto, Ratno Afifah, Wiwin Vidiyastana Akhmad Azmiardi Akhmad Azmiardi Akhmad Azmiardi Akmad Azmiardi Al Ahmadi, Khumairotul Zahroh Alwan Zakki Nozomi Andriani, Rima Anggreini, Putri Anita Sari Arfandi, Muh. Amri Arlina Azka Arlina Azka Asari, Sendila Ernesy Ashri Budi Astuti Asrianti, Tanti Astuti, Ashri Budi Ayudhia Rachmawati Budi, Eko Prasetya Dwi Listiyani Dzikri, Akhmad Erlina Erlina Erlina Erlina Erri Larene Safika Erwina, Brigita Win Fahmi, Muhammad Maulana Fahrul Rozi Frisca Anggraeni Manik Hefi Kurniasih Herliani, Resda Husna Husna Ike Anggraeni Indriani, Dilla C Insany, Vicca Yulia Irirwanas, Intannia D Iriyani Iriyani Ismail AB, Ismail Jami'an, Jami'an Jenissa, Abel Junaidin, Junaidin Kasih, Ketut Pilih Listiani, Dwi Majiding, Chaidir Masyhuri Muh. Amri Arfandi Muh. Amri Arfandi Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim Muhammad Noor Muhammad Noor Muhammad Nuzul Azhim Ash Siddiq Nabila Vebiana Soviadi Naim, Tanti Asrianti Nisaa, Nur Rezky Khairun Noorhayaty Noorhayaty Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty Nozomi, Alwan Zakki Nugraha, Purwa Nunuk Kusuma Wardani Nur Asiyah Nurlianti Nurlianti Pasiakan, Meli Pradita, Adelia Putri Rahmadani, Aulia Tia Rahmadina, Andi Nur Nayla Rahmi Susanti Ramadhani, Irma Ramadhani, Reza W Ramdan, Iwan M Ratih Fianni Sigit Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Relung Adiniah Permani Risdayanti, Rikha Nur Risva Risva Risva Riyanto, Rudy Agus S Siswanto Sabena, Mela Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Saputri, Amelia Indah Saputri, Deby Indah Sari, Mila Warma Septiana, Lisa Sigit, Ratih Fianni Sinthary, Venna Siswanto Siswanto Siswanto Siti Malikha Zalzabila Maharani siti nurlela Sitorus, Rame Suleman, Angellia Sumarianto, Arif Sungkono, Indari Yayuk Tasha Citra Purnama Tetra Hidayati Ummi Khuzaimah Vanessa Vanessa Vionita, Wanda Dila Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyuni, Leny Eka Tyas Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma Wirawanti, Ika Wirya Yadi Yadi Yuniasih, Arista Dian Zakki Saefurrohim, Muhamad