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All Journal Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development (JPH RECODE) Jurnal Abdi Insani Jurnal Kedokteran Mulawarman Wal'afiat Hospital Journal BIOGRAPH-I: Journal of Biostatistics and Demographic Dynamic Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO) WAL'AFIAT HOSPITAL JOURNAL Journal of Mestika Nusantara Satu Community Services Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology Proceeding Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Symbiohealth Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia
Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Department Of Epidemiology, Faculty Of Public Health, Mulawarman University
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Community Behavior, Health Education, and the Effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Programs in Endemic Areas: A Literature Review 2015–2025 Erlina Erlina; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Yadi Yadi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, with most districts experiencing moderate to high endemicity. Although vector control and public education programs such as 3M Plus, G1R1J, and school initiatives continue to be implemented, dengue cases remain fluctuating, especially in urban areas. Persistent transmission is strongly associated with community behavior, low risk perception, and irregular preventive practices. Studies consistently show a knowledge–practice gap—high awareness does not always translate into action—highlighting the need to strengthen motivation, behavior change interventions, and community participation. Objective : To analyze how community behavior, health education, and community participation influence the effectiveness of dengue prevention in endemic areas; to summarize research findings from 2015–2025; and to identify gaps between knowledge and preventive practices to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving community-based dengue control strategies in Indonesia. Research Methods / Implementation Methods : A systematic narrative literature review was conducted using articles from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Garuda, and ResearchGate. Keywords included terms related to “Dengue,” “public health education,” and “community participation.” Studies published in English or Indonesian with quantitative, qualitative, mixed-method, or review designs were included. Of 132 articles identified, 15 met inclusion criteria. Each study was appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool. Data were synthesized thematically into three areas: community knowledge–attitudes–practices (KAP), educational effectiveness, and behavioral barriers, then compared with national and WHO reports. Results : Across the 15 included studies (2015–2025), community knowledge about dengue was generally high, but preventive practices remained inconsistent, confirming the knowledge–practice gap. School-based and community education programs improved awareness and behavior, especially when using interactive and participatory methods rather than lectures. Community participation initiatives such as One House One Jumantik (G1R1J) increased household involvement but frequently faced challenges related to limited supervision, low motivation, and poor sustainability. Successful programs demonstrated strong community empowerment, ongoing education, and collaboration between local leaders, schools, and health authorities. Conclusion / Lesson Learned : Effective dengue prevention requires behavioral change, continuous health education, and active community participation. Although public knowledge is high, preventive actions remain irregular. Strengthening motivation, sustaining cross-sector collaboration, and empowering communities are key to achieving long-term behavior change and sustainable dengue control in endemic regions.
Effectiveness and Safety of Dengue Vaccines in School-Aged Children in Endemic Areas: A Narrative Review Hefi Kurniasih; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Dengue fever remains one of the most significant mosquito-borne viral diseases, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions such as Indonesia. The increasing incidence among school-aged children highlights the urgent need for effective and sustainable prevention strategies. Vaccination has emerged as a crucial intervention to reduce dengue burden, with two main vaccines —TAK-003 (Qdenga®) and CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia®)—showing varying efficacy and safety profiles. Objective : This narrative review aims to synthesize the current scientific evidence on the effectiveness, safety, and policy implications of dengue vaccination among school-aged children living in endemic regions. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study employed a narrative review approach. Literature was searched through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for publications from 2020 to 2025. A total of 20 eligible articles were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, quasy experiment, observational studies and spatial epidemiological studies. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies published in English or Indonesian, focusing on dengue vaccines among children aged 4–16 years in endemic countries. Key data on vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, safety, and implementation outcomes were descriptively synthesized. Total 20 included articles were analyze narratively. Results : Findings consistently indicate that TAK-003 provides an efficacy of 62–80% against symptomatic dengue and over 85% against hospitalized cases up to three years post-vaccination, with favorable safety and immunogenicity, especially among seropositive children. In contrast, CYD-TDV demonstrated high efficacy only among seropositive individuals aged ≥9 years but carried an increased risk in seronegative recipients. Economic modeling studies in Indonesia found dengue vaccination to be cost-effective, while mathematical models showed that higher vaccine coverage substantially reduces the basic reproduction number (R0). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Current evidence supports TAK-003 as an effective and safe vaccine for school-aged children in endemic regions compare to CYD-TDV. Integration of dengue vaccination with vector control and risk-based surveillance is recommended to enhance national dengue prevention strategies and achieve long-term disease reduction.
Comparative Patterns of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Across Age Groups in Samarinda, Indonesia Muh. Amri Arfandi; Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim; Arlina Azka; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Siswanto Siswanto; Risva Risva; Akhmad Azmiardi; Tanti Asrianti
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major public health concern, with risk factors increasingly observed among younger populations. Examining how these risks differ between age groups may provide insight into early prevention priorities. Objective : To describe and compare behavioral and biological NCD risk factors among older adolescents (15–19 years), young adults (20–24 years), and adults (25–59 years) in Samarinda, Indonesia. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 242 respondents selected through household interviews in Samarinda. Data were collected using the WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire, covering behavioral factors (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and biological factors (BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol). Data were analyzed descriptively using STATA 17. Results : Variations were observed across age groups. Smoking was more frequent among young adults (22.2%) compared to adolescents (9.3%) and adults (17.7%). Alcohol use was generally low but relatively higher among adolescents (12.4%). Physical activity levels and sedentary time showed comparable patterns, with young adults reporting slightly more sedentary behavior (40%). Most respondents consumed fruits less than four days per week. The proportion of overweight and obesity was greater among adults (54.4%) than in young adults (24.4%) and adolescents (19.4%). Differences were also seen in clinical indicators, with adults showing a higher proportion of hypertension (44.1%) and high cholesterol (35.3%) compared to younger groups. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The study highlights varying patterns of NCD risk factors among age groups, with several behavioral risks already present during adolescence. These findings emphasize the importance of early preventive actions focused on healthy lifestyles, especially among youth, supported by community-based education and health monitoring initiatives.
Case Control Study on Pediatric Tuberculosis Risk Factors at KarangAsam Health Center Samarinda Siti Malikha Zalzabila Maharani; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the respiratory system and poses significant health and economic burdens. In Samarinda, the Karang Asam Health Center recorded the highest TB cases in 2024, with 162 cases, including 14 pediatric cases completing treatment and 148 treated at other facilities. Objective : The study aimed to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with the incidence of TB in children at the Karang Asam Health Center in Samarinda City. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This case-control study involved 20 cases and 40 controls. The independent variables were close contact, nutritional status, and immunization status, with childhood tuberculosis as the dependent variable. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level, reporting p- values and OR (p < 0.05 significant). Results : The results showed that most of the 20 children with TB were aged 0-5 years (65%), male (60%), had a history of contact (85%), poor nutritional status (80%), and incomplete immunization status (70%). Based on the Odds Ratio (OR) calculation, it shows a large risk value for the incidence of TB in children, namely contact history (OR= 13,222; 95% CI= 3,256 – 53,691), nutritional status (OR = 6.000; 95% CI = 1.693-21.262), and immunization status (OR = 7.000; 95% CI = 2.120- 23.113). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Contact history, nutritional status, and immunization status were significant risk factors for pediatric TB. Communities are encouraged to enhance prevention through regular health checks and proper TB management in at-risk children.
Knowledge About the Stages of Healthy Food Processing Among Micro-Entrepreneurs in Penajam Paser Utara Regency Nurlianti Nurlianti; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Tetra Hidayati; Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Food Safety is a very important knowledge to be applied to MSMEs, considering that potential irregularities in food processing and distribution can pose health risks to consumers and can harm these small business actors. Objective : This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes of Food Safety in Penajam Paser Utara Regency Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The method used was descriptive with a cross sectional design involving 300 respondents selected by simple random sampling Results : Micro business owners with better knowledge of food safety tend to have more positive attitudes towards food safety, such as mask use and participation in early detection. In addition, the length of time running a business and education factors and influence the increase in knowledge and positive attitudes towards food safety. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Based on these findings, it is recommended that a structured and sustainable Food Safety education program be improved, with wider involvement of MSMEs and the authority of the Health Office and Balai POM as resource persons to provide information that is easily understood by MSMEs when carrying out Food Safety Training activities. Thus, it is expected that food safety efforts can be more effective.
Narrative Review: Periodontitis Risk Factors in Prolanis Participants With Systemic Comorbid Diseases Ratih Fianni Sigit; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth and is increasingly recognized for its systemic implications. Chronic periodontal inflammation contributes to persistent immune activation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemic profiles, thereby elevating the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Objective : This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence regarding risk factors of periodontitis among patients with systemic comorbidities, particularly those enrolled in chronic disease management programs. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Science Direct, and BMC Oral Health databases for articles published between 2020 and 2025 using keywords such as “periodontitis,” “systemic inflammation,” “diabetes mellitus,” “hypertension,” and “cardiovascular disease.” Inclusion criteria consisted of full-text research articles in Indonesian or English focusing on associations between periodontitis and systemic diseases. A total of 33 relevant articles were identified and narratively synthesized. The review consistently demonstrates that systemic comorbidities significantly influence periodontal status. Results : Patients with diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia experience more severe periodontitis due to poor metabolic control and inflammation. Inadequate oral hygiene worsens this condition, while non-surgical periodontal therapy can improve HbA1c, lipid levels, and blood pressure. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Systemic factors synergistically worsen periodontitis through chronic inflammation and endothelial impairment. Integrating oral health services into chronic disease management may improve metabolic outcomes and prevent systemic complications.
Characteristics of Patients with HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy at Loa Bakung Community Health Center Relung Adiniah Permani; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, making the body more susceptible to various infections. AIDS refers to a collection of symptoms and infections associated with a weakened immune system due to HIV infection. Loa Bakung Community Health Center is one of the healthcare facilities in Samarinda that provides ART services for patients with HIV/AIDS. Objective : This study aims to describe characteristics of patients with HIV/AIDS undergoing ART at Loa Bakung Community Health Center. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study used a retrospective descriptive method with secondary data from medical records and SIHA 2.1 application. The population included all HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ART at Loa Bakung Community Health Center from January 2023 to December 2024. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and percentages. Results : Of the 33 HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ART, the majority were male (64%) aged 20-39 years (84%) and had a high school education (76%). Most patients were employed (55%) and single (52%). The largest population group was partners of key populations/PLHIV/STI patients (42%), followed by men who have sex with men (MSM) at 37%. The dominant ART regimen used was TLD (Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Dolutegravir) at 58%, with 87% of patients tested showing suppressed viral load results. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Increasing early detection, education on risky sexual behaviors, and optimizing counseling and patient support services are strategic steps to improve the success of ART and reduce the rate of HIV transmission.
Characteristics of Hypertension Patients at Loa Bakung Community Health Center Noorhayaty Noorhayaty; Iriyani Iriyani; Akhmad Azmiardi; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Hypertension is a non- communicable disease that is one of the main causes of premature death in the world. The World health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2025 there will be an increase in hypertension cases by around 80%, in 2000 from 639 million cases to 1.5 billion cases. Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia for all ages. In 2015, surveys showed that 1 in 4 women and 1 in 5 men suffer from hypertension. Less than 1 in 5 people have hypertension that is well controlled and more than 9 million deaths are related to hypertension Objective : This study aims to determine the characteristics of hypertensive patients in Loa Bakung Community Health Center. The characteristics referred to gender, age, BMI, hypertension degree, and sub district. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : The method used is descriptive, with a total sampling technique of 251 people. Results : The study results showed that 80 (31.9%) were male patients with hypertension, while 171 (68.1%) were female. There were 146 adult patients aged 18-59 (58.2%), and 105 elderly patients (41.8%) aged over 60 years. There were 96 hypertensive patients with a normal BMI (38.2%), 98 overweight patients (39%), and 57 obese patients (22.7%). The number of patients with normal hypertension (after regular treatment) was 67 (26.7%), 53 pre-hypertension patients (21.1%), 94 grade I hypertension patients (37.5%), and 37 grade II hypertension patients (14.7%). Patients who live in Loa Bakung sub-district are 220 (87.6%), Loa Buah sub-district 21 (8.4%), other sub-districts 10 (4%). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The conclusion is that based on gender, there are more female patients than male patients, more adult hypertension patients (aged 15-59 years) than elderly patients, and more overweight patients have a BMI than other nutritional statuses. The number of hypertension patients with grade 1 hypertension is higher. Most hypertension patients who seek treatment at the Loa Bakung Community Health Center live in the Loa Bakung sub-district.
Narrative Review: Factors Associated with the Sexually TransmittedInfections (STIs) Among Tugboat Crews in the Mahakam River Nunuk Kusuma Wardani; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki; Akhmad Azmiardi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a persistent global health concern, particularly among maritime workers such as tugboat crews. Prolonged sailing periods, limited healthcare access, and high-risk sexual behavior increase their vulnerability to infection. This narrative review aims to summarize key determinants influencing STI risks and prevention behaviors among tugboat crews in the Mahakam River area. Objective : This review seeks to identify and analyze the main determinants related to STI occurrence among tugboat crews, focusing on individual, social, and environmental aspects. The objectives include describing individual factors such as knowledge, attitude, and sexual behavior; exploring social and environmental determinants like social support, access to health services, and working conditions; and synthesizing evidence-based recommendations for strengthening STI prevention programs among maritime workers. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : Articles published between 2019 and 2025 were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords related to STIs, sailors, fishermen, and port workers. Thirty eligible studies in English were analyzed narratively to identify consistent determinants influencing STI prevention and risk. Results : The review revealed that low sexual health knowledge, negative attitudes toward STI prevention, and risky sexual behaviors are the dominant contributing factors. Additional barriers include stigma, cultural norms restricting sexual health discussion, and limited routine health screening among seafarers. These conditions increase vulnerability to STIs and hinder prevention efforts. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Tugboat crews on the Mahakam River face elevated risks of STIs due to behavioral, social, and structural challenges. Integrated approaches involving education, access to health services, and supportive policies are essential for effective STI prevention. This review provides evidence to guide targeted interventions and policy development in maritime health programs.
Overview Of E-Kianpuas patient Satisfaction on Five DimentionsSERVQUAL in Airputih Dental Health Services Tasha Citra Purnama; Ratno Adrianto; Irfansyah Baharuddin Pakki
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Quality healthcare services are a top priority in improving community satisfaction as an indicator of public service performance. The Samarinda City Government, through the E- Kianpuas application, has introduced a digital-based public satisfaction survey to assess the quality of health services at community health centers (Puskesmas). This study focuses on dental and oral health services at the Air Putih Health Center, which play a vital role in enhancing community health status Objective : This study aims to describe community satisfaction with the quality of dental and oral health services using the E-Kianpuas application, analyzed through the five SERVQUAL dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A quantitative descriptive survey approach was employed, referring to Regulation of the Minister for Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform (Permenpan) No. 14 of 2017. Data were collected from the E-Kianpuas application in 2024 involving 24 respondents aged 18–66 years. Measurements used a 1–4 Likert scale and were analyzed descriptively to calculate averages and convert them into the Community Satisfaction Index (IKM). Results : The overall IKM score was 84.38, categorized as “Good.” The Assurance and Responsiveness dimensions achieved the highest scores, reflecting fast, transparent, and safe services. Meanwhile, Tangibles, Reliability, and Empathy received lower scores, particularly regarding facilities, service time, and staff politeness. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The E-Kianpuas application effectively evaluates health service quality and supports continuous improvement. Although Air Putih Health Center meets public expectations, enhancing physical facilities, procedural efficiency, and interpersonal communication is essential for optimal service quality.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Ahmad Fadhlil Azhim Adrianto, Ratno Afifah, Wiwin Vidiyastana Akhmad Azmiardi Akhmad Azmiardi Akhmad Azmiardi Akmad Azmiardi Al Ahmadi, Khumairotul Zahroh Alwan Zakki Nozomi Andriani, Rima Anggreini, Putri Anita Sari Arfandi, Muh. Amri Arlina Azka Arlina Azka Asari, Sendila Ernesy Ashri Budi Astuti Asrianti, Tanti Astuti, Ashri Budi Ayudhia Rachmawati Budi, Eko Prasetya Dwi Listiyani Dzikri, Akhmad Erlina Erlina Erlina Erlina Erri Larene Safika Erwina, Brigita Win Fahmi, Muhammad Maulana Fahrul Rozi Frisca Anggraeni Manik Hefi Kurniasih Herliani, Resda Husna Husna Ike Anggraeni Indriani, Dilla C Insany, Vicca Yulia Irirwanas, Intannia D Iriyani Iriyani Ismail AB, Ismail Jami'an, Jami'an Jenissa, Abel Junaidin, Junaidin Kasih, Ketut Pilih Listiani, Dwi Majiding, Chaidir Masyhuri Muh. Amri Arfandi Muh. Amri Arfandi Muhamad Zakki Saefurrohim Muhammad Noor Muhammad Noor Muhammad Nuzul Azhim Ash Siddiq Nabila Vebiana Soviadi Naim, Tanti Asrianti Nisaa, Nur Rezky Khairun Noorhayaty Noorhayaty Noorhayaty, Noorhayaty Nozomi, Alwan Zakki Nugraha, Purwa Nunuk Kusuma Wardani Nur Asiyah Nurlianti Nurlianti Pasiakan, Meli Pradita, Adelia Putri Rahmadani, Aulia Tia Rahmadina, Andi Nur Nayla Rahmi Susanti Ramadhani, Irma Ramadhani, Reza W Ramdan, Iwan M Ratih Fianni Sigit Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Ratih Wirapuspita Wisnuwardani Relung Adiniah Permani Risdayanti, Rikha Nur Risva Risva Risva Riyanto, Rudy Agus S Siswanto Sabena, Mela Saefurrohim, Muhamad Zakki Saputri, Amelia Indah Saputri, Deby Indah Sari, Mila Warma Septiana, Lisa Sigit, Ratih Fianni Sinthary, Venna Siswanto Siswanto Siswanto Siti Malikha Zalzabila Maharani siti nurlela Sitorus, Rame Suleman, Angellia Sumarianto, Arif Sungkono, Indari Yayuk Tasha Citra Purnama Tetra Hidayati Ummi Khuzaimah Vanessa Vanessa Vionita, Wanda Dila Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyuni, Leny Eka Tyas Wardani, Nunuk Kusuma Wirawanti, Ika Wirya Yadi Yadi Yuniasih, Arista Dian Zakki Saefurrohim, Muhamad