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All Journal Majalah Forum Teknik UGM Reaktor International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Teknik ITS IPTEK The Journal of Engineering IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Jurnal Teknik Kimia Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan Journal of Research and Technology Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Purifikasi CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles JPP IPTEK (Jurnal Pengabdian dan Penerapan IPTEK) ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Jurnal Pengabdian dan Peningkatan Mutu Masyarakat (JANAYU) Indonesian Community Journal Sewagati Petrogas : Journal of Energy and Technology International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering LEMBARAN PUBLIKASI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Ali Altway
Chemical Engineering Department, Institute Technology Of Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya,
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Journal : International Journal of Renewable Energy Development

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Characterization of zirconia sulfate catalyst for sustainable aviation fuel from waste cooking oil Widasgantri, Treisnaning; Widjaja, Tri; Dahnum, Deliana; Altway, Ali; Lamhotmatua, Thasya; Antonius, Kevin
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 15, No 3 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2026.62076

Abstract

The growing accumulation of waste cooking oil (WCO) in Indonesia presents serious environmental concerns while offering potential as a renewable feedstock for sustainable aviation fuel. This study evaluates the conversion of WCO into bio-jet fuel via pyrolytic catalytic cracking (PCC) using cobalt-dispersed sulfated zirconia (Co/ZrO₂–SO₄, Co/SZ) catalysts under atmospheric pressure. Sulfated zirconia was synthesized hydrothermally and impregnated with 1, 3, and 5 wt% cobalt. Catalyst characterization by FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM–EDX confirmed successful cobalt dispersion, preservation of the monoclinic ZrO₂ phase, and increasing surface area with higher cobalt loading (83.93 to 111.19 m² g⁻¹). Catalytic performance was tested in a fixed-bed reactor at 400, 430, and 460 °C with a feed-to-catalyst ratio of 100:1. GC–MS analysis revealed that both temperature and cobalt loading significantly influenced selectivity toward the jet fuel fraction (C₁₂–C₁₆). The highest bio-jet fuel selectivity (68.63%) and yield (57.46 wt%) were obtained using 5 wt% Co/SZ at 400°C. At 430 °C, excessive secondary cracking reduced selectivity to 27.78% for 3 wt% Co/SZ, with gasoline-range products reaching 62.70%. Increasing the temperature to 460 °C partially restored jet-range selectivity to 62.67% for 5 wt% Co/SZ due to enhanced isomerization and aromatization reactions. Reusability tests indicated gradual catalyst deactivation caused by coke deposition and loss of acid sites. These results demonstrate that the synergistic interaction between sulfated zirconia acidity and cobalt’s deoxygenation functionality enables efficient WCO conversion into bio-jet fuel, highlighting Co/SZ as a promising catalyst for sustainable aviation fuel production.
Co-Authors Abubakar Tuhuloula Achmad Dwitama Karisma Achmad Roesyadi Adi Soeprijanto Aditya Akhmad Sony Afan Hamzah, Afan Afri Dwijatmiko Agung Ari Wibowo Agus Surono Agustiani, Elly Aisyah Alifatul Altway, Saidah Anggraheny, Nurul Annasit Annasit Antonius, Kevin Ardiani, Liana Arifin, Rizal Aris Tjahyanto Atha Pahlevi Atletiko, Faizal Johan Aulia, Anisa Fatma Ayu Larasati Azaim, Ahmad Hayiz Azka Afuza Bayu Yusuf Bekti, Andi Setyo Budhikarjono, Kuswandi Kusno Dahnum, Deliana Danawati Hari Prajitno Dewi Istiyanie Dwi Arimbi Wardaningrum Eldira Nindri Wena Endah Prasetyo Rini Eriska Wahyu Kusuma Erlinda Ningsih, Erlinda Fadlilatul Taufany Fadlilatul Taufany Fahmi Fauziah, Melinda Nur Firsta Hardiyanto Gianfranco, Enrique Gissa Navira Sevie Hafid, Abdul Haqqyana Haqqyana Harahap, A. H. Hendi Riesta Mulya Honora, Faradiba Istiyanie, Dewi Istiyanie, Dewi Junety Monde Juwari Juwari K Kusnaryo K Kuswandi Karnila Willard Koatlely Serpara Kusnarjo Kusnarjo Kuswandi Kuswandi Kuswandi Kuswandi Kuswandi Kuswandi Lailatul Qadariyah Lailatul Qomariyah, Lailatul Lamhotmatua, Thasya Larasati, Wahyu Adinda Lily Pudjiastuti, Lily Ling Ling M Rachimoellah M Rachimoellah Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Margono Margono Medya Ayunda Fitri Merisa Veronika Suparto Meydita, A. D. Mochamad Sidiq Muhammad Anshorulloh Mukhlish Muhammad Fadlan Minallah Muhammad Iqbal Musfil AS Nabila Farras Balqis Nadhifa Auria Andini Niniek Fajar Puspita, Niniek Fajar Nonot Soewarno Nora Amelia Novitrie Nora Amelia Novitrie Novitrie, Nora Amelia Nugroho, Muhammad Aldi Nuniek Hendrianie Nuniek Hendrianie Nur Aini Nadhifah Nur Ihda Farihatin Nisa Nur Ihda Farikhatin Nisa Nurkhamidah, Siti Nurlaili Humaidah, Nurlaili Palupi, A. E. Pambudi, Alfian Wisnu Pamungkas, Raditya Pamungkas, Raditya Yudhi Pradnya Paramitha, Pradnya Prapti Ira Kumala Sari Prida Novarita Trisanti, Prida Novarita Putri, Rheyna Casca Hanafi R. Darmawan Darmawan Rachmaniah, Orchidea Ragilia Rahma Maulidia Raja, Risfanali Ramadhani, Farah Amirah Firyal Renanto Handogo Rendra Panca Anugraha Rohmah, Nur Azizatur Rohmah, Nur Azizatur Rohmania, Inti Ruben Leonardo Panjaitan S, Susianto Salasa Ariq Sungkono Samuel Sembiring Siti Machmudah Siti Nurchamidah Siti Nurkamidah Siti Nurkhamidah Siti Zullaikah Sri Rachmania Juliastuti Sugeng Winardi Sugianto, Mohamad Sugiarto, Kurniawan Wahyu Suhadi Suhadi Suhadi Suhadi Suprapto Suprapto Suprapto Suprapto Suprapto Suprapto Surya Rachmadani Susianto Susianto S Susianto Susianto Susianto Susianto Susianto, Susianto Syukharial, Muhammad Alraedi Tantular Nurtono Taufany, Fadlilatul Tetrisyanda, Rizky Tri Widjaja Tri Widjaja Trisna Kumala Dhaniswara W Widiyastuti Wahyu Adinda Larasati Wahyu Meka Warlinda Eka Triastuti Widasgantri, Treisnaning Widiyastuti Winardi, S. Winardi, Sugeng Wulansari, Dessy Yeni Rahmawati Yeni Rahmawati, Yeni Yosita Dyah Anindita Yunita D Indrasari Zuchrillah, Daril Ridho Zulfahmi Hawali