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THE PROBLEMATICS OF THE MEANING OF A CHILD'S STATUS IN NATIONAL LAW: BETWEEN LEGAL CERTAINTY AND JUSTICE Guntur Aris Prabowo; Nurini Aprilianda; Syihabuddin
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : CV. RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijerlas.v6i1.4275

Abstract

The article titled "THE PROBLEMATICS OF THE MEANING OF A CHILD'S STATUS IN NATIONAL LAW: BETWEEN LEGAL CERTAINTY AND JUSTICE" written by the Author raises the issue of analysis regarding the view of Judges who consider justice should be prioritized over legal certainty in delivering criminal verdicts, especially against Children who conflict with the law. The Author focuses on the limitations of the criminal sentence imposed on Children, then analyzes the provision against the verdict of the Penajam State Court No. 3/Pid.Sus-Child/2024/PN Pnj which exercised judicial activism by imposing a prison sentence exceeding the provisions in Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Justice System. The result of the research conducted by the Author is that a criminal sentence of imprisonment can be imposed on the child. If threatened with a life imprisonment or death penalty provision, then the Child can only be sentenced to a maximum of ½, so the maximum imprisonment sentence allowed is 10 years. However, this is countered by the Presiding Judge of Case Number 3/Pid.Sus-Child/2024/PN Pnj by imposing a 20-year prison sentence on Child Junaedi, prioritizing justice over legal certainty.
The Authority of Judges in The Application of Restorative Justice for Children in Indonesia Dewi, Riska Ameliana; Aprilianda, Nurini; Mulyono, Bambang Hery; Priadi, Randy Hilman
Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Vol 14 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25216/jhp.14.2.2025.401-424

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the authority of judges in applying the principle of restorative justice in cases involving children in conflict with the law and the obstacles to its implementation. The research approach uses a normative legal method with a legislative, conceptual, and case approach. Secondary data were collected through a review of six main laws, eight court decisions, and twenty-five related academic sources, then analyzed qualitatively using deductive reasoning. The results show that the authority of judges in applying restorative justice is based on the value of substantive justice as stipulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2024. However, its implementation is still hampered by regulatory inconsistencies between law enforcement agencies, a low level of understanding among officials and the public, and the absence of uniform technical guidelines. This study emphasizes the need for regulatory synchronization and capacity building among officials to ensure the effective and fair implementation of restorative justice oriented towards the best interests of children in Indonesia.
INCONSISTENCIES IN THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 71 PARAGRAPH (3) OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM ACT IN CRIMINAL VERDICTS AGAINST CHILDREN: A NORMATIVE REVIEW OF THE KALABAHI, ATAMBUA, AND AMBON DECISIONS Anindita, Raras Natasya; Aprilianda, Nurini; Istiqomah, Milda
NOMOI Law Review Vol 6, No 2 (2025): November Edition
Publisher : NOMOI Law Review

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/nomoi.v6i2.25580

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of Article 71 paragraph (3) of Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System (UU SPPA), which regulates the replacement of criminal fines with work training in cases involving juvenile offenders. This provision aims to ensure fairer protection for children through a corrective, recovery oriented approach. The research employs a normative legal method, combining statutory and case based approaches, and analyzes three first instance court decisions from Kalabahi, Atambua, and Ambon. The findings reveal inconsistencies in the application of the provision, as not all verdicts fully adhere to the mandated substitution of fines with work training as stipulated in the UU SPPA. These disparities highlight the need for greater uniformity and comprehension of the applicable norms to guarantee optimal protection of children's rights. Work training should not be viewed merely as an alternative sanction but as a rehabilitative measure aligned with the principles of restorative justice. This study recommends the development of technical guidelines and the strengthening of institutional capacity to support sanctions that uphold child protection and sustainable justice values.
Reforming Indonesia's Criminal Prosecution System: The Challenge of Integrating Modern Evidence in Addressing Transnational Crime Kariawan, I Ketut Dody Arta; Majid, Abdul; Aprilianda, Nurini; Afandi, Fachrizal; Ezenduka, Uzodinma Yurriens
PATTIMURA Legal Journal Vol 4 No 3 (2025): December 2025 PATTIMURA Legal Journal
Publisher : Postgraduate Program Doctoral in Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/pela.v4i3.22004

Abstract

Introduction: The development of transnational crime fundamentally requires efforts to update the criminal evidence system in Indonesia. This is because the characteristics of transnational crime are cross-border and are committed using technological advancements that are not yet covered or even regulated by positive law in Indonesia. Purposes of the Research: This research aims to analyze and propose reforms to the criminal justice system in Indonesia by integrating modern evidence in the face of transnational crime. Methods of the Research: This research uses a normative legal research method with a conceptual and legislative approach. Results Main Findings of the Research: The results of this study confirm that the urgency of reforming the criminal evidence system in Indonesia is a highly pressing and crucial matter for addressing the complexities of transnational crime, particularly money laundering, which demands more adaptive and effective methods of proof than the current provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code. More detailed updates to the Criminal Procedure Code regarding evidence, particularly digital and cross-border evidence, along with strengthened international cooperation and increased capacity of law enforcement officers in digital forensics and handling transnational crimes, are important steps. The reform of Indonesia's criminal evidence system, which integrates modern evidence tools to combat transnational crimes, requires a substantive revision of Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code to explicitly include electronic evidence as a category of valid evidence. Therefore, more detailed updates to the Criminal Procedure Code and the Anti-Money Laundering Law regarding evidence, particularly digital and cross-border evidence, along with strengthened international cooperation and increased capacity of law enforcement officers in digital forensics and handling transnational crimes, are important steps to strengthen the effectiveness of law enforcement against transnational crimes.
Degradation of the Stigma of Prison as a Criminal School Through Supervised Sentence as an Alternative to Imprisonment Rohmat Rohmat; Milda Istiqomah; Nurini Aprilianda
Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): Indonesia J. Crim. L. Studies (November, 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijcls.v9i2.36630

Abstract

With the development of penal theory, the retributive approach to punishment is increasingly seen as misaligned with the needs of society. As a result, there is a recognized need for legal provisions that reflect societal values and emphasize punishment goals that strengthen the community. Prison sentences often lead to issues such as overcrowded facilities and a failure to meet punishment goals. Additionally, many convicts tend to become recidivists after completing their sentences in correctional institutions, reinforcing the stigma of prisons as "criminal schools." The issues to be examined include: a) how are conditional sentences regulated in Law Number 1 of 1946?; and b) how is the policy of supervision sentences as an alternative to imprisonment in degrading the stigma of prison as a criminal school? The research was conducted using a normative method, with a legislative approach. The legal materials used include both primary and secondary legal materials, which were analyzed using deductive analysis techniques. Under the old Penal Code, conditional sentences did not involve immediate imprisonment; instead, the convicted person was given the opportunity to prove their ability to live as a good citizen during a specified probation period. In contrast, the National Penal Code introduces alternatives to prison sentences, such as supervision sentences. These supervision sentences in the National Penal Code serve as an extension of conditional sentences, placing greater emphasis on more intensive and structured supervision. The placement of convicts outside correctional institutions is considered the primary penal system, with the imposition of supervised sentences based on general and specific requirements. In future implementation, an ideal model for the execution of this supervisory sentence is required.
Juridical Implication of the Legal Vacuum in Providing Compensation in Lieu of Restitution Fibriansyah, Ryan Ilham; Aprilianda, Nurini; Ahmad, Nadzriah
RechtIdee Vol 20, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Trunojoyo Madura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/ri.v20i2.22001

Abstract

Criminal offenses position victims as aggrieved parties affected by crimes committed against them. The protection and recovery measures for the losses victims bear should guarantee justice, ensuring victims receive compensation for the harm caused. Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Penal Code implies that compensation is an additional punishment imposed on the defendant. However, imprisonment, supervision, or community service are only applied if the defendant cannot provide compensation, failing to guarantee the compensation the victim is entitled to, as outlined in the court decision. In such cases, state involvement is required. This research aims to examine juridical implications of the legal vacuum in providing compensation in lieu of restitution. Using a normative method with statutory and analytical approaches, and grammatical and teleological interpretations, the study reveals that the absence of specific regulations leads to injustice, legal disadvantages, and legal uncertainty affecting victims of criminal offenses, particularly regarding their right to restitution. 
Reformulation of Article 412 Law Number 1 of 2023on Cohabitation from a Legal Certainty Perspective Imera Azzahra Alivia; Prija Djatmika; Nurini Aprilianda
YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): June in progress
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Merdeka University Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55173/yurisdiksi.v22i1.353

Abstract

The criminalization of cohabitation under Article 412 paragraphs (1) and (2) of Law Number 1 of 2023 on the National Criminal Code raises significant juridical concerns, particularly with regard to legal certainty and proportionality. This study focuses on examining the juridical implications arising from the formulation of Article 412 and on proposing an ideal regulatory framework for the criminal offense of cohabitation in Indonesia in the future. Employing a normative juridical research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this research analyzes the consequences of ambiguous legal formulations, especially the vague elements of “living together as husband and wife outside marriage,” the complaint-based nature of the offense, and the unclear limitation of eligible complainants. The findings indicate that these weaknesses undermine the principle of lex certa, create risks of multiple interpretations, and potentially lead to selective criminalization and violations of legal certainty. Furthermore, the study argues that such deficiencies place Article 412 within the category of a voidable norm that may be subject to constitutional review. Accordingly, this research proposes a reformulation of Article 412 by clarifying and operationalizing the elements of the offense, restricting the scope of complaint-based prosecution, and explicitly defining the age limits of child complainants, in order to ensure legal certainty, proportionality, and the protection of human rights.
LEGAL PROGRESSIVENESS TOWARDS THE RIGHTS OF VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE Febi Karina; Nurini Aprilianda; Lucky Endrawati
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59733/jishup.v4i1.187

Abstract

Legal protection for victims of sexual violence is a crucial element in a modern criminal justice system focused on substantive justice and victim recovery. Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes has introduced the strengthening of victims' rights through restitution mechanisms and the Victim Assistance Fund as a form of accountability for perpetrators and the state. However, in criminal justice practice, problems persist when requests for restitution are not submitted by investigators or public prosecutors, thus limiting judges' ability to fulfill victims' rights. This study aims to analyze the rights and authorities of law enforcement officers in submitting restitution requests and to examine the mechanisms and procedural law for fulfilling victims' restitution rights that are not submitted in court. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that although the normative framework for restitution is regulated in the TPKS Law and Government Regulation Number 29 of 2025, the procedural law is still not comprehensive. However, Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2022 provides space for an active and progressive role for judges in ensuring the fulfillment of victims' restitution rights. This research emphasizes the urgency of harmonizing regulations and strengthening the role of the state in the recovery of victims of sexual violence.
THE PARADOX OF CHILD SENTENCING IN MURDER CASES: CRITIQUING THE 'BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD' PRINCIPLE IN INDONESIAN COURTS. Denny Ardian Priambodo; Nurini Aprilianda; Milda Istiqomah
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Criminal offenses are no longer committed only by adults, but also by children, along with the development of technology and social dynamics. Indonesia, through Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, provides protection for children in conflict with the law. However, in practice there are still court decisions considered not to have fully applied the principle of the best interests of the child, such as the decision of the Penajam District Court imposing a 20-year sentence and the Lamongan District Court imposing an 11-year sentence. This research is a normative juridical study using a statutory and conceptual approach through library research. The results show that: (1) judges’ considerations are based on both juridical and non-juridical aspects; (2) the application of the best interests of the child principle has not been consistent and has not been fully oriented toward social reintegration; (3) sentencing that is not in accordance with the provisions of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law has the potential to damage the child’s future and hinder the fulfillment of the child’s rights, in line with Arif Gosita’s concept of child protection. By examining these two decisions, it becomes important to emphasize that it is recommended to optimize restorative justice, improve the quality of guidance and rehabilitation in Juvenile Development Institutions and Correctional Centers, and strengthen inter-agency collaboration, including the active involvement of child psychologists in court proceedings.
THE URGENCY OF FORMING SPECIAL CRIMINAL LAWS FOR CRIMINALS COMMITTED BY CHILDREN IN CASES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN REVIEWED FROM THEORY OF LEGAL CERTAINTY Imera Azzahra Alivia; Prija Djatmika; Nurini Aprilianda
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 4 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : CV. RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijerlas.v4i6.2077

Abstract

Sexual violence against children committed by child perpetrators is a serious issue in the criminal justice system in Indonesia. Currently, Indonesian criminal law does not specifically regulate a comprehensive handling mechanism for this case, thus causing problems in the application of fair law and providing optimal protection for children as victims and perpetrators. This study aims to analyze the urgency of establishing a special criminal law that handles criminal acts of sexual violence by children against other children. A normative legal approach with a conceptual approach, a legislative approach and a comparative approach and the theory of legal certainty are used in this study to explore the need for clearer and more responsive regulations. The results of the study indicate that the establishment of a special criminal law can provide better legal certainty, including appropriate protection and rehabilitation mechanisms for children as perpetrators and victims. This is important to ensure that the criminal justice system not only prioritizes punishment, but also protection and rehabilitation in accordance with the principle of the best interests of the child. The establishment of this special regulation can also strengthen the justice system to be more adaptive and responsive to the special characteristics of cases of child sexual violence.
Co-Authors A. Kadir, Nadhilah Abda Abda Abdul Madjid Abdul Madjid Abdul Madjid Abdul Madjid Abdul Majid Adi Kusumaningrum Agusta, Dika Ahmad Fauzi Ahmad Fauzi Ahmad, Nadzriah Al-Uyun, Dhia Anang Riyan Ramadianto Anindita, Raras Natasya ansori ansori Ansori, Ansori Ardi Ferdian Arief Rahman Mahmoud Ashifa Yona Bagaskoro, Ladito Risang Bambang SUGIRI Bambang Sugiri Bambang Sugiri Chyntia Vindy Rahmani Cindy Shafira Denny Ardian Priambodo Dewi, Riska Ameliana Dian Devananda Akbar Didik Purnomo, Didik Dwi Ayu Rachmawati Endriyanti, Megah Novita Erny Herlin Setyorini Ezenduka, Uzodinma Yurriens Fachrizal Afandi Faizin Sulistio Faizin Sulistio Faizin Sulistio Faizin Sulistyo Faizin Sulistyo Faizin Sulistyo Febi Karina Febrianika Maharani Fibriansyah, Ryan Ilham Guntur Aris Prabowo Hanif Hartadi Harini, Novitasari Dian Phra Hartadi, Hanif Hensi Septia Utami Herman Suryokumoro Heru R. HADI Heru Ratno Hadi I Nyoman NURJAYA I NYOMAN NURJAYA I Nyoman Nurjaya Ifahda Pratama Hapsari Imera Azzahra Alivia Imera Azzahra Alivia Imtina, Salma Salsabila Indriana Prima Puspita Sari Ismail Navianto Istislam, - Joko Cahyono Kadek Wiwik Indrayanti Kadir, Nadhilah A. Kariawan, I Ketut Dody Arta Krisna, Liza Agnesta Lucky Endrawati Lucky MH SH. Endrawati Luth, Thohir Luth, Thohir Machmud, Aris Megah Novita Endriyanti Milda Istiqomah Mubarok, Djihadul Mufatikhatul Farikha Mufatikhatul Farikha, Mufatikhatul Mufatikhatul Farikhah Mulyono, Bambang Hery Nababan, Anisa Magdalena Nadhilah A. Kadir Nani Susilowati Noerdajasakti, Setiawan Novalia Pertiwi Pakpahan, Hartato Pradana, Indra Kurnia Okta Prastiti Siswayani Prastiti Siswayani Pratama, I Gusti Agung Ananta Pratama, I Gusti Ananta Prawati, Linda Prema, I Ketut Arjuna Satya Priadi, Randy Hilman Prija Djatmika Prija Djatmika Prija Djatmika Prija Djatmika Prija Djatmika, Prija Ramadianto, Anang Riyan Rani Adriana Rohmat Rohmat Rohmat rohmat Roni Evi Dongoran Ruba'i, Masruchin Ruba?I, Masruchin Ruba’I, Masruchin Ryan Ilham Fibriansyah Ryan Ilham Fibriansyah Samsul Huda Asrori Satya Prema, I Ketut Arjuna Setiawan Noerdajasakti Setiawan Noerdajasakti, Setiawan Setiawan Nurdayasakti Shinta Ayu Purnamawati Siagian, Nurul Inayah Silfiah, Rossa Ilma Siti Noer Endah Situmorang, Septriono Solehuddin Solehuddin Sriti Hesti Astiti St. Fatima Sudarsono SUDARSONO Sugiri, Bambang Sugiri, Bambang Suhariningsih Sulistiyo, Faizin Sulvia Triana Hapsari Sulvia Triana Hapsari Sulvia Triana Hapsari Susilo, Hariyanto Suwitno Yutye Imran Syihabuddin Tanaem, Jerymia Seky Tanriawan, Florensya Octavia Tohom Hasiholan Widyanti, Yeni Eka Yola Eska Afrina S yuliani, anggi ari