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Muhammad Hamdan
Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Serum β-amyloid 1–42 Levels as Alternative Non-invasive Screening Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia in Indonesian Elderly Population Putri, Indah Aprianti; Darusman, Huda Shalahuddin; Hamdan, Muhammad; Prawiroharjo, Pukovisa; Utomo, Budi; Nugraha, Jusak; Kusuma, Yohanna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Sandra, Ferry
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 6 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i6.3869

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) impose a substantial public health burden in Indonesia; however, accessible blood-based biomarkers for early screening remain limited. Although cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid 1–42 is an established biomarker, its invasive nature restricts its use for population-level screening. Therefore, it is necessary to have locally-produced serum β-amyloid 1–42 ELISA kit that is specifically designed for Indonesian elderly population. In this study, a locally-produced β-amyloid 1–42 ELISA kit was validated and used for the screening of AD, VaD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Indonesian population.METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 166 subjects: 31 AD, 34 VaD, 34 MCI patients, and 67 cognitively normal controls was conducted. All participants underwent cognitive assessments including Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina), as well as brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3-Tesla for the assessment of medial temporal atrophy/white matter changes. Fasting venous blood sampling was taken from each subjects for the measurement of serum β-amyloid 1-42 measurement using locally-produced ELISA kit.RESULTS: Median serum β-amyloid 1–42 levels were 11.03, 10.99, and 10.99 pg/mL for the AD, VaD, and MCI subjects, respectively. The β-amyloid 1–42 levels were correlated with MMSE scores in all group (AD: r=−0.455, p=0.010; VaD: r=−0.419, p=0.014; MCI: r=−0.412, p=0.015). The validity analysis of the locally-produced serum β-amyloid 1–42 ELISA kit, showed sensitivity of 94.12% (95% CI: 87.3–97.9), specificity of 80.36% (95% CI: 72.4–86.8), and diagnostic accuracy of 83.56% (95% CI: 77.2–88.5).CONCLUSION: Serum β-amyloid 1–42 levels are lower in AD and VaD subjects compared to MCI and control subjects. Serum β-amyloid 1-42 is inversely correlated with cognitive function across all groups based on MMSE score. Additionally, the locally-produced β-amyloid 1-42 ELISA kit demonstrated sensitivity of 94.12% and specificity of 80.36%, meeting Global CEO Initiative Consensus for pre-screening tools, supporting its potential as a scalable, non-invasive screening biomarker in Indonesian primary care settings.KEYWORDS: G-banding karyotyping, next generation sequencing, non-invasive prenatal testing
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Alsa, Abdul Aziz Aca Surya Putra Zai Adilah, Mujahidah Afif, Tansri Riziq Hilman Aldi Pramana Alia, Safia Alvi Syahrin Amelia, Elena Ghentilis Fitri Andi Rian Djajadi Andi Supratman Anggara Suryanagara Anjani, Nur Dwi atika Azbilia, Siti Fatma Baisa, Hidayah Barry Sugiarto Bismar Nasution Bobbi Sandri Budi Bahreisy Budi Utomo Cynthia Cynthia Cynthia Dedi Harianto Des Boy Rahmat Eli Zega Dienanta, Savira Edi Yunara Ediwarman Ediwarman Edy Ikhsan Ekaputra, Mohammad Elok Budi Retnani Eva Syahfitri Nasution, Eva Syahfitri Fadilah Khoirinnisa Harahap Fahmi Tanjung Fahmi, Achmad Faisal Akbar Nasution Ferry Sandra Fhytta Imelda Sipayung Fuji Sasmita Gerry Anderson Gultom Hana Oktaviana Fahlevi Hanawi Aananda Putra Sitohang Hanik Badriyah Hidayati,* Mohammad Hasan Machfoed,* Kuntoro,** Soetojo,*** Budi Santoso,**** Suroto,***** Budi Utomo****** HARIYANTO HARIYANTO Hasim Purba Henry Sucipto Sanjaya Sirait Huda Shalahudin Darusman Huda, M. Muchlish Ica Karina Imami, Nabilah Hasna Iman Azahari Ginting Immanuel Colia Immanuel P Simamora Irianto Irianto Islamiyah, Wardah R. Jelly Leviza Jhon Tyson Pelawi Julieta Santi Simorangkir Jusak Nugraha Jusmadi Sikumbang Jusnizar Sinaga Keke Wismana Purba Kesita Eva Lestina Lumban Tobing Kusuma, Yohanna Lestari Victoria Sinaga Lestari, Diayanti Tenti Lidya Rahmadani Hasibuan Lumempouw, Silvia Machin, Abdulloh Madiasa Ablisar Madiasa Ablisar Mahmud Mulyadi MAHMUL SIREGAR Maria Margaretta Sitompul Marlina, Marlina Mathilda Chrystina Katarina Mazmur Septian Rumapea Mirza Nasution Muhammad Ekaputra Muhammad Hykna Kurniawan Lubis Muhammad Iqbal Lubis Muhammad Muchlish Huda, Muhammad Muchlish Mujita Sekedang Munthe, Hasanuddin Nanang Tomi Sitorus Nara Palentina Naibaho Nelson Syah Habibi S. NINGRUM NATASYA SIRAIT Ningrum, Emilna Mega Noviana, Rachmitasari Nugraha, Priya Nurrani Mustika Dewi, Nurrani Mustika Panca Hutagalung Paulus Sugianto, Paulus Perdana Eliakhim Manalu Polin Pangaribuan Pukovisa Prawiroharjo, Pukovisa Pulungan, Juli Julaiha Puti, Nazla Ananda Rachmi Putri Rumondang Siagian Putri, Indah Aprianti Rahajuningsih Dharma Rahmarini, Edfina Ramsi Meifati Barus Rani Angela Gea Rehatta, Nancy Margarita Ricky T. A Pasaribu Rina Melati Sitompul Risna Oktaviyanti Utami Rizky Novia Karolina Rizma, Fachrien Robinson Sihombing Roland Tampubolon Samsul Aripin Silitonga Sarimonang B Sinaga Sensusiati, Anggraini Dwi SILMI MARIYA Silvia F. Lumempouw Siregar, Khoiruddin Manahan Siti Maimana Sari Ketaren SOETJIPTO . Songidan, Junaidi Suhaidi Suhaidi Suharto, Ade P. Sunarmi, Sunarmi Syafruddin Kalo Syafrudin Kallo Syaiful . Syamsul Arifin Syawal Saputra Siregar Tarigan, Yos Arnold Tedi Franggoes Andri Siburian Themis Simaremare Turchan, Agus Utari Maharany Barus Utary Maharani Barus Utary Maharany Barus UUS SAEPULOH Wilson Raja Ganda Tambunan Yohana Yohana Zikrul Hakim