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                        CHARACTERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA D-LOOP HYPERVARIABLE III FRAGMENTS OF INDONESIAN RHINOCEROS HORNBILL (BUCEROS RHINOCEROS) (AVES: BUCEROTIDAE) 
                    
                    Jarulis Jarulis; 
Dedy Duryadi Solihin; 
Ani Mardiastuti; 
Lilik Budi Prasetyo                    
                     TREUBIA Vol 47, No 2 (2020): Vol. 47, No. 2, December 2020 
                    
                    Publisher : Research Center for Biology 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.14203/treubia.v47i2.3971                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
The rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) genetic characteristics consist of nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, genetic distances, and relationships which are important for their conservation effort in Indonesia. We sequenced mitochondrial DNA D-loop hypervariable III fragments from five rhinoceros hornbill individuals at Safari Park Indonesia I and Ragunan Zoo, which were isolated using Dneasy® Blood and Tissue Kit Spin-Column Protocol, Qiagen. D-loop fragment replication was done by PCR technique using DLBuce_F (5'-TGGCCTTTCTCCAAGGTCTA-3') and DLBuce_R (5'-TGAAGG AGT TCATGGGCTTAG-3') primer. Thirty SNP sites were found in 788 bp D-loop sequences of five rhinoceros hornbill individuals and each individual had a different haplotype. The average genetic distance between individuals was 3.09% and all individuals were categorized into two groups (Group I: EC6TS, EC1RG, EC2TS and Group II: EC9TS, EC10TS) with a genetic distance of 3.99%. This result indicated that the two groups were distinct subspecies. The genetic distance between Indonesian and Thai rhinoceros hornbills was 10.76%. Five Indonesian rhinoceros hornbill individuals at Safari Park Indonesia I and Ragunan Zoo probably came from different populations, ancestors, and two different islands. This study can be of use for management consideration in captive breeding effort at both zoos. The D-loop sequence obtained is a useful character to distinguish three rhinoceros hornbill subspecies in Indonesia.  
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        VARIASI INTERSPESIFIK JULANG (AVES: BUCEROTIDAE) INDONESIA BERDASARKAN GEN CYTOCHROME-B DNA MITOKONDRIA 
                    
                    Jarulis Jarulis; 
Dedy Duryadi Solihin; 
Ani Mardiastuti; 
Lilik Budi Prasetyo                    
                     BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 18, No 1 (2019) 
                    
                    Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i1.3714                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Genetic information of Indonesian hornbills (Julang) is still limited. We sequenced the cytochrome b gene of three hornbill species (Rhyticeros undulatus, R. plicatus, and Aceros cassidix) to explore their genetic variation, distance, and phylogenetic. Nine blood samples for Cyt b from three hornbill species were isolated with Dneasy® Blood and Tissue Kit base on Spin-Column Protocol, Qiagen. SNP, genetic distance, and phylogeny were calculated by MEGA 6.0 software. This study was found variations in the Cyt b gene sequence (849 bp) between three species Indonesian Julang. Rhyticeros undulatus had the most SNP compared to R. plicatus and Aceros cassidix. Substitution of synonyms is more common than substitution of synonyms and transition substitution frequency tends to be much higher than transversion substitution. The three species of Indonesian Julang were markedly separate with an average genetic distance of 5.25%. and separated with the outgroup species at a genetic distance of 9.43%. Cytochrome b sequence genes from these three hornbill species are novel for identifying and classifying hornbills, and could be applied to prevent illegal poaching and conservation management in Indonesia.    
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        IDENTIFIKASI DAN KLASIFIKASI AVIFAUNA BERDASARKAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT DI GUNUNG PINANG KABUPATEN SERANG, BANTEN 
                    
                    Gema Ikrar Muhammad; 
Ani Mardiastuti; 
Tutut Sunarminto                    
                     ZOO INDONESIA Vol 29, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020 
                    
                    Publisher : Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52508/zi.v29i2.3965                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman hayati avifauna dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang spesies avifauna di Gunung Pinang, Kabupaten Serang, Banten. Penelitian dilakukan di Gunung Pinang, dan Desa Pejaten pada Juli 2017-Maret 2018. Dalam taksonomi ilmiah ada 43 spesies avifauna dari 24 famili. Berdasarkan taksonomi rakyat ada 37 generik dan 12 spesies. Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang avifauna tidak dapat dipisahkan dari aspek ekonomi, ekologi, dan sosial budaya yang berkembang di masyarakat. Ini terlihat dari pemanfaatan spesies avifauna dan kemampuan komunitas untuk mengklasifikasikan dan menamai spesies avifauna berdasarkan morfologi, habitat, perilaku, dan atribut suara. Nama setiap spesies burung oleh masyarakat didasarkan pada pengamatan mereka terhadap alam dan lingkungan mereka dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang dituangkan dalam bahasa mereka yaitu Jawa Sérang.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Response of Dung Beetle Communities (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Across Gradient of Disturbance in the Tropical Lowland Forest of Buton, Sulawesi 
                    
                    Mariana Silvana Moy; 
Ani Mardiastuti; 
Sih Kahono                    
                     ZOO INDONESIA Vol 25, No 1 (2016): Juli 2016 
                    
                    Publisher : Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52508/zi.v25i1.3024                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Little is known about how antropogenic disturbance triggered the biodiversity loss of functionally important insect groups in an island, including dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). This study focused on the responses of dung beetle across gradient of disturbance in a secondary tropical lowland rainforest (Lambusango forest, Sulawesi, Indonesia). From June to August 2013, dung beetles were collected in the forest with low, intermediate, and high level of disturbances. Each disturbance level had three transects which were separated at least 500 m each other (n=9). Ten pitfall traps per transect baited with cattle dung were set, along 100 m transect for 48 hours. A total of 1.710 dung beetles, representing 29 species, were collected. Total 79% trapped specimens and 55% of species richness was found in the intermediate dis-turbance, which it was significantly differed compare to two other disturbances. Shannon-Wienner index was signifi-cantly higher in low disturbance than in intermediate and high disturbance, while dominance speciesindex mostly occured in intermediate disturbance. A two-dimensional scalling plot based on Bray-Curtis index indicated the different species composition of the beetles between disturbance levels. We concluded that dung beetle assemblages of secondary lowland rainforests appeared a robust respond to the disturbance levels.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Komunitas Burung pada Pegunungan Bawah dan Sub-Pegunungan Di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak 
                    
                    Kanthi Hardina; 
Yeni Aryati Mulyani; 
Ani Mardiastuti                    
                     Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2019): Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan 
                    
                    Publisher : Graduate School Bogor Agricultural University (SPs IPB) 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.9.3.736-745                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Bird diversity has been known to be affected by various factors, including elevational gradient. The objective of this study was to describe the bird community trend and its associated habitat conditions on lower mountain and sub-mountain areas. The study was conducted in September-October 2017 in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Bird data were collected using point count method. Data were analyzed by using Shannon-Wiener (H’) diversity index, Margalef’s richness index (DMg), and Bray-Curtis similarity index. Birds were grouped into guilds according to their major diet. There were 54 bird species (23 families) in both altitudes, of which 23 species were found in the lower altitude and 33 species were found in the higher altitude. Contrary to most studies elsewhere, the diversity and richness indices were significantly higher at the sub mountain (H’=2.85; DMg=5.96) than at lower mountain (H'=2.38; DMg=3.79). Insectivores were dominant in both altitudes, although similarity index was low (5%). Bird diversity was higher in the higher altitude due to habitat condition. Lower montain had a higher anthropogenic disturbance than the sub-mountain.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        KEANEKARAGAMAN BURUNG PEMAKAN BUAH DI HUTAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS BANGKA BELITUNG 
                    
                    Aeng Saputra; 
Nur Annis Hidayati; 
Ani Mardiastuti                    
                     EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi, dan Mikrobiologi Vol 5 No 1 (2020): Ekotonia: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi 
                    
                    Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.33019/ekotonia.v5i1.1943                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Avian frugivores or Fruit-eating birds have an important role in spreading plant seeds so that they can maintain stability and continuation of nature. The forest of the bangka belitung university has a vast forest area and quite high diversity. Data related to avian frugivores at Bangka Belitung University has never been published. This study aims to determine the diversity and distribution of fruit-eating birds in the Bangka Belitung University campus forest. This research was conducted at ten observation points using the Point count method. The point count method is the observation method at a predetermined location where the researcher stands at a research point with a fixed period of time. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, there were 182 individuals belonging to 20 species and 9 families found at 10 observation points. There are three families belonging to the group of fruit-eating birds namely Columbidae, Dicaeidae and Pycnonotidae with a percentage of 77%. The most abundant fruit-eating bird species is Pycnonotus aurigaster. The highest diversity level was found at the 4th observation point, while based on the number of individuals fruit-eating birds were found at the 10th observation point. This is because the two locations have structures and compositions that can support the life of avian frugivores
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        BURUNG-BURUNG YANG MEMANFAATKAN Spathodea campanulata dan Melastoma malabahtricum DI KAWASAN HUTAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS BANGKA BELITUNG 
                    
                    Lastri Dwi Saputri; 
Nur Annis Hidayati; 
Ani Mardiastuti                    
                     EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi, dan Mikrobiologi Vol 5 No 1 (2020): Ekotonia: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi 
                    
                    Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.33019/ekotonia.v5i1.1946                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Indonesia is known as the country with the second highest megabiodiversity after Brazil because of its rich flora and fauna. One proof of its natural wealth belongs to birds which reached 1,777 species. The existence of thousands of birds in several aspects of life that discusses finance, culture, science and research. Based on this, it is necessary to do research on birds that utilize Red Flower trees (Spatodhea campanulata) and Kedebik bushes (Melastoma malabraticum) in the forest area of the Bangka Belitung University campus. The method used in this study is a calculation point that determines the observation point based on the Red Tree flower (Spatodhea campanulata) and the Kedebik bush (Melastoma malabraticum) in the forest area of the Bangka Belitung University campus. The birds that use the Red Flower tree and the Kebebik bush found in the Bangka Belitung University campus forest are 5 orders grouped into 10 families and 17 species. The order with the largest number of families is Order Cuculiformes, which consists of 7 families.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Response of Dung Beetle Communities (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Across Gradient of Disturbance in the Tropical Lowland Forest of Buton, Sulawesi 
                    
                    Mariana Silvana Moy; 
Ani Mardiastuti; 
Sih Kahono                    
                     ZOO INDONESIA Vol 25, No 1 (2016): Juli 2016 
                    
                    Publisher : Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52508/zi.v25i1.3024                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Little is known about how antropogenic disturbance triggered the biodiversity loss of functionally important insect groups in an island, including dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). This study focused on the responses of dung beetle across gradient of disturbance in a secondary tropical lowland rainforest (Lambusango forest, Sulawesi, Indonesia). From June to August 2013, dung beetles were collected in the forest with low, intermediate, and high level of disturbances. Each disturbance level had three transects which were separated at least 500 m each other (n=9). Ten pitfall traps per transect baited with cattle dung were set, along 100 m transect for 48 hours. A total of 1.710 dung beetles, representing 29 species, were collected. Total 79% trapped specimens and 55% of species richness was found in the intermediate dis-turbance, which it was significantly differed compare to two other disturbances. Shannon-Wienner index was signifi-cantly higher in low disturbance than in intermediate and high disturbance, while dominance speciesindex mostly occured in intermediate disturbance. A two-dimensional scalling plot based on Bray-Curtis index indicated the different species composition of the beetles between disturbance levels. We concluded that dung beetle assemblages of secondary lowland rainforests appeared a robust respond to the disturbance levels.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        IDENTIFIKASI DAN KLASIFIKASI AVIFAUNA BERDASARKAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT DI GUNUNG PINANG KABUPATEN SERANG, BANTEN 
                    
                    Gema Ikrar Muhammad; 
Ani Mardiastuti; 
Tutut Sunarminto                    
                     ZOO INDONESIA Vol 29, No 2 (2020): Desember 2020 
                    
                    Publisher : Masyarakat Zoologi Indonesia 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.52508/zi.v29i2.3965                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman hayati avifauna dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang spesies avifauna di Gunung Pinang, Kabupaten Serang, Banten. Penelitian dilakukan di Gunung Pinang, dan Desa Pejaten pada Juli 2017-Maret 2018. Dalam taksonomi ilmiah ada 43 spesies avifauna dari 24 famili. Berdasarkan taksonomi rakyat ada 37 generik dan 12 spesies. Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang avifauna tidak dapat dipisahkan dari aspek ekonomi, ekologi, dan sosial budaya yang berkembang di masyarakat. Ini terlihat dari pemanfaatan spesies avifauna dan kemampuan komunitas untuk mengklasifikasikan dan menamai spesies avifauna berdasarkan morfologi, habitat, perilaku, dan atribut suara. Nama setiap spesies burung oleh masyarakat didasarkan pada pengamatan mereka terhadap alam dan lingkungan mereka dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang dituangkan dalam bahasa mereka yaitu Jawa Sérang.
                            
                         
                     
                 
                
                            
                    
                        Bycatch of Amboina Box Turtle (Cuora amboinensis) by Fishermen in Rawa Aopa, Southeast Sulawesi 
                    
                    Harnum Nurazizah; 
Mirza Dikari Kusrini; 
Ani Mardiastuti                    
                     Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August 
                    
                    Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada 
                    
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                                DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.72113                            
                                            
                    
                        
                            
                            
                                
Rawa Aopa is a permanent swamp ecosystem that serves as one of the suitable habitats for amboina box turtles (Cuora amboinensis). Some of the area is part of a national park (Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park) and is designated as a traditional zone for fishing activities, where local fishermen sometimes reported accidental catch C. amboinensis in their fishing gear. The aims of this study were to record the existence of C. amboinensis bycatch, size and age structure of bycatch, characteristic of fishing activity, and to discuss the conservation implication of bycatch.  The number of bycatch was recorded by direct observation of 7 selected fishermen in 14 days. The C. amboinensis caught accidentally were measured and weighed. A total of 38 individuals of C. amboinensis were accidentally caught by fishermen during the study, having a size ranged of 7.4 to 18.5 cm (juveniles, young adults, and old adults; no hatchling), and weighed 248 to 996 g. Based on sex, there was no significant difference between morphological size of male and female, although bycatch for females (59%) tend to be slightly higher than males (41%). Most of fishermen lives in Pewutaa Village and used bubu traps to catch fishes. C. amboinensis are the most common bycatch compared to other species. In order to minimize the impact of bycatch of the C. amboinensis by fishermen, we need to ensure that the turtle that accidentally trapped in the fishermen’s fishing gear would be released unharmedly to their habitat.