Nasronudin Nasronudin
Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Indonesian-Japan Collaborative Research Center For Emerging And Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute Of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.

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ANALYSI S ON SECONDARY I NFECTI ON- TRI GGERI NG MICROORGANISMS IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS AS A MODEL FOR POLICY CONTROL Rahayu, Retno Pudji; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; Indrawati, Retno; Widiyanti, Prihartini; Lukito, Bimo Dwi; Ferdiansyah, Ferdiansyah; Khairunisa, Siti Qomariyah; Mutamsari, Adiana; Kotaki, Tomohiro
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (262.927 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v5i4.2016

Abstract

HIV infection is associated with immune-compromised and rising in opportunistic infection (secondary infection). Therefore, the number of mortality caused by HIV/AIDS is increasing. The use of ARV and development of HIV/AIDS management are expected to suppress the progress of HIV infection into AIDS and, therefore, the mortality can be diminished, while in fact most of the patients eventually suffer from AIDS due to secondary infection that commonly causes death. There should be a management by analysing microorganisms that trigger secondary infection. The method of this study was observational descriptive with cross sectional design. HIV infected blood samples were using ELISA Antibody (IgG and IgM) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on laboratory test. The result showed correlation between HIV/AIDS severity and the amount and types of secondary infection. The most common secondary infections were toxoplasm (96.77%), hepatitis C (22.58%), tuberculosis (19.35%), and hepatitis B (3.22%). Other less frequent secondary infections, which were quite difficult to diagnose and not commonly found in Indonesia, were West Nile Virus (25.81%), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (3.22%), and Enterovirus (3.22%). Due to MDGs (Millenium Development Goals) target and the results above, researchers are highly demanded to contribute in decreasing mortality related to AIDS through early detection of secondary infection,including type of infection which have not been commonly found in Indonesia, such as West Nile Virus and Nipah Virus. The discovery of secondary infection in this study was not enough to suppress the occurrence of infection in HIV/AIDS patients. Antimicrobes and good nutrition are required. Moreover, there should be either a primary or secondary prophylaxis to prevent secondary infection that raises the number of mortality and morbidity of HIV/AIDS patients. The result of this study was to meet the target of MDGs by establishing new policies in handling HIV/AIDS infections and have potential as model for policy control in HIV/AIDS.
Description Analysis of Human Behavior that Causes the Emergence of HIV/AIDS Infectious Diseases in Surabaya Susilawati, Yayuk; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; atika, atika
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (361.571 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v1i2.2174

Abstract

HIV virus is transmitted to other individuals particularly through sexual contact with infected individuals, narcotic abuse using shared infected needle, maternal-fetal transmission in perinatal period, either during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding, or through infected blood donor. The diagnosis of HIV/AIDS infection is established using laboratory examination with the indication of clinical symptoms or high risk behavior. This descriptive study was intended to describe human behaviors that cause the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in Surabaya. To find the description of the disease, the percentage of total HIV/AIDS patients according to behavioral risk factors was estimated. Total patients in 9 hospitals at each risk factor were divided with total patients in those hospital, multiplied with 100. The description of the disease according to behavioral risk factors in Surabaya is as follows: total patients between January and December 2005 was 382 individuals; 204 due to sexual contact (53.40%), 161 due to injected drug use (IDU) (42.15%), 6 perinatal cases (1.57%) and 11 with unknown causes (2.88%). From risk factor sexual relationship behavior as many as 204 people, respectively heterosexual 174 people (85.29%), homosexual 17 people (8.33%) and bisexual 13 people (6.37%). Further analytical studies are needed to analyze correlation between human behavior and the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in Surabaya.
CHARACTERIzATION of CD4 + T LYMPHOCYTE FROM BONE MAROW STEM CELL USING INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESENCE FOR HIV & AIDS TREATMENT Purwati, Purwati; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; Rantam, Fedik Abdul
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2298.797 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v1i3.2195

Abstract

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). At the beginning of infection, gp120 virus interacts with CD4 receptor at the surface of the target cell. The interaction between gp120 and CD4 leads to the occurrence of the binding of specific chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CCR5, which are also present on the membrane of the target cell. Therefore, CCR5 and CXCR4 also determine the fate of the target cell. It is the performance of CCR5 and CXCR4, guided by controlling gene that determines susceptibility or resistance to HIV infection. Coding gene CCR5 may mutate to become protective or resistant against HIV infection. In homozygote individuals, it tends to be resistant against infection, while in heterozygote individuals it tends to be susceptible to HIV infection. Objective: To characterize TCD4 lymphocyte in the next that is resistant against HIV infection by using gene therapy deletion 32 CCR5 to use for HIV & AIDS treatment. Method: Sample collection, mononucleated cell collection, lymphocyte culture, CD4 identification, CCR5 variance analysis, co-cultivation with PBMC HIV and comparison to control. Result: This study was performed in several steps, such as mononucleated cell isolation, followed with cell culture, lymphocyte purification, lymphocyte and CD4 expression identification. Conclusion: Lymphocyte T CD4 had been mature after seven passages, once passage is about 5 days so for maturity lymphocyte T CD4 need 35 days and that cell as be candidate to resistant against HIV infection by using gene therapy deletion 32 CCR5 to use for HIV & AIDS treatment.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION APPROACH OF DENGUE VIRAL INFECTION Tjahjono, Ganis; Widiyanti, Prihartini; Nasronudin, Nasronudin
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (114.868 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v6i2.3162

Abstract

Currently by an estimated 50-100 million dengue fever cases per year in worldwide, 500.000 were in the form of a disease is heavy Dengue Hemorraghic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Survey serology in Indonesia show that DEN-1 and DEN-2 are the dominant serotipe virus until the end of the 1980s but the recent shift has occurred epizoötic where viruses DEN-3 dominant. (Dos Santos, 2004; Malavige, 2004; Stephenson, 2005). Dengue virus infection induces transient immune aberrant activation of CD4/CD8 ratio inversion and cytokine overproduction, and infection of endothelial cells and hepatocytes causes apoptosis and dysfunction of these cells. The aberrant immune responses not only impaire the immune response to clear the virus, but also result in overproduction of cytokines that affect monocytes, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. Dengue-virus-induced vasculopathy and coagulopathy must be involved in the pathogenesis of hemorrhage, and the unbalace between coagulation and fibrinolysis activation, and prolonged duration of shock increase the likelihood of severe hemorrhage in DHF/DSS. Capillary leakage is triggered by the dengue virus itself or by antibodies to its antigen. To date, there are no effective strategies to prevent the progression of DHF/DSS. The control of dengue will be possible only after an efficient vaccine has been developed.
Prevalence of major INSTI and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in pre- and antiretroviral-treated patients in Indonesia Djojosugito, Fauzia A.; Arfianti, Arfianti; Wisaksana, Rudi; Siregar, Fajri M.; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; Rachman, Brian E.; Khairunisa, Siti Q.; Indrati, Agnes R.
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i3.1022

Abstract

Indonesia has one of the highest HIV infection rates in Southeast Asia. The use of dolutegravir, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), as a first-line treatment underscores the need for detailed data on INSTI drug resistance mutations (DRMs). Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive data on DRMs INSTI and other HIV drug resistance in Indonesian patients, both pre- and post-treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the subtypes and drug resistance mutations of the protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase genes in both treatment-naive and ARV-treated patients in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving HIV-positive patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, from September 2022 to January 2023. The patients were categorized into two groups: ARV-treated and pre-treatment patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were processed for DNA extraction, followed by amplification and sequencing of the pol gene to detect mutations and subtypes. The study found that the predominant subtype was CRF01_AE, accounting for 85.4% and 69% of pre-treatment and treated patients, respectively, followed by recombinant forms such as A1/CRF01_AE, CRF01_AE/CRF02_AG, subtype B, and other subtypes. Among ARV-treated/INSTI-naive patients, major INSTI DRMs R263K and Y143H were identified, while pre-treatment patients exhibited accessory integrase DRMs. The most common DRMs detected were non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) DRMs, with prevalences of 14.6% and 7% in pre-treatment and ARV-treated patients, respectively. In conclusion, CRF01_AE emerged as the predominant subtype in both pre-treatment and ARV-treated patients in Bandung, underscoring the necessity for ongoing surveillance of integrase DRMs, particularly given the presence of major INSTI DRMs in patients undergoing INSTI treatment.
The Influence of Anti-Hiv-1 Specific IgY In Inhibiting HIV-1 Infection in Binding Phase with Syncytium Examination of CD4 Receptor Density Using the Flowcytometry Method Maskoep, Wiwiek Indriyani; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; Khairunisa, Siti; Sudjarwo, Sri Agus
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 56 No. 4 (2020): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1029.49 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v56i4.24636

Abstract

HIV/ AIDS infections have increased and spread very quickly in the world, including in Indonesia. The absence of an effective vaccine and the fact that antiretroviral drugs can only suppress the progression of infection but cannot eradicate it lead to the efforts to find materials containing immunoglobulins that can replace the immune system which greatly declines in HIV/ AIDS patients. The successful use of specific IgY in other studies opens up opportunities for the use of anti-HIV-1 specific IgY as passive immunotherapy. This type of research is true experimental research design with post-test only control group design. IgY was obtained from Lohmann Laying hens chicken eggs immunized with the inactivated HIV-1 virus. The concentration of IgY was determined using the Bradford method and then the characterization test was continued using the AGPT, ELISA, SDS-PAGE and Western blot tests which showed anti-HIV-1 specific IgY. The results of the test showed specific anti-HIV-1 IgY was effective in inhibiting the formation of syncytium in HIV-1 infection against CD4+ T lymphocytes in the binding phase (entry stage) in the treatment group p-value 0.000 (p <0.05). The results of CD4 receptor density tests using the Flowcytometry method showed that specific anti-HIV-1 IgY was effective in inhibiting HIV-1 infection against CD4+ T lymphocytes in the binding phase (entry stage) in the treatment group p-value 0.047 (p <0.05).HIV/ AIDS infections have increased and spread very quickly in the world, including in Indonesia. The absence of an effective vaccine and the fact that antiretroviral drugs can only suppress the progression of infection but cannot eradicate it lead to the efforts to find materials containing immunoglobulins that can replace the immune system which greatly declines in HIV/ AIDS patients. The successful use of specific IgY in other studies opens up opportunities for the use of anti-HIV-1 specific IgY as passive immunotherapy. This type of research is true experimental research design with post-test only control group design. IgY was obtained from Lohmann Laying hens chicken eggs immunized with the inactivated HIV-1 virus. The concentration of IgY was determined using the Bradford method and then the characterization test was continued using the AGPT, ELISA, SDS-PAGE and Western blot tests which showed anti-HIV-1 specific IgY. The results of the test showed specific anti-HIV-1 IgY was effective in inhibiting the formation of syncytium in HIV-1 infection against CD4+ T lymphocytes in the binding phase (entry stage) in the treatment group p-value 0.000 (p <0.05). The results of CD4 receptor density tests using the Flowcytometry method showed that specific anti-HIV-1 IgY was effective in inhibiting HIV-1 infection against CD4+ T lymphocytes in the binding phase (entry stage) in the treatment group p-value 0.047 (p <0.05).
Pengaruh Psikoterapi Transpersonal Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien HIV dan AIDS Effendy, Nurlaila; Prawitasari, Johana E.; Hastjarjo, Thomas Dicky; Nasronudin
ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal Vol 24 No 1 (2008): ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal (Vol. 24, No.1, 2008)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/aipj.v24i1.4377

Abstract

Abstract.The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a transpersonal psychotherapy using meditation, visualization, and praise method. Subjects (N = 6) were HIV and AIDS patients. Results reveal an increase of quality of life with transpersonal psychotherapy and an increase (based on WHO criterion) of CD4 criterion. Subjects of stadium II and III can not rely on the psychotherapy alone to raise their level of CD4, they also need antiretroviral therapy. An increase in physical activity was also apparent in patients who were in stadium II and III, while patients in stadium I of AIDS scored high since the start of the therapy. There is a decreasing level of stress and level of anxiety, an increasing level of self acceptence, and level of activity in community in all subjects, and level of meaning of life in4 subjects. Para penderita HIV & AIDS harus menghadapi penyakit yang mematikan, mengalami diskriminasi, dan stigma dari keluarga maupun masyarakat. Pasien HIV & AIDS memerlukan terapi komprehensif (medikamentosa, nutrisi, dukungan sosial maupun psikoterapi) untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Psikoterapi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode visualisasi, meditasi, dan pujian. Penelitian ini melibatkan 6 subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa psikoterapi transpersonal dengan metode visualisasi, meditasi,dan pujian meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada aspek fisik/biologis, psikologis, sosial, dan spiritual.Psikoterapi transpersonal meningkatkan jumlah CD4 berdasar kriteria CDC/WHO dan meningkatkan aktivitas pada penderita dengan stadium II dan III. Penderita HIV & AIDS stadium I memiliki skor batas teratas sejak awal. Psikoterapi transpersonal menurunkan stres dan kecemasan, meningkatkan penerimaan diri, aktivitas dalam kelompok pada seluruh subjek, serta meningkatkan makna hidup pada 4 subjek.
Co-Authors . PURWATI Achmad Ardianto, Achmad Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum Adiana Mutamsari, Adiana Agung Prasetiyo Aksono HP., Eduardus Bimo Aldise Mareta Nastri, Aldise Mareta Arfianti Arfianti Arfianto V Arief Suseno, Arief Artaria Tjempakasari, Artaria Asmarawati, Tri Pudy Atika Atika Badi'ah, Hanim Istatik Bambang Prajogo Bimo Aksono Bimo Dwi Lukito, Bimo Dwi Bramanton Bramantono Bramantono, Bramantono Budi Utomo Danny Irawan Djojosugito, Fauzia A. Dwi Wahyu Indriati, Dwi Wahyu Eddy Bagus Wasito Eddy Wasito, Eddy Edith Frederika, Edith Endah Dewati, Endah Endang Retnowati ENDANG RETNOWATI KUSUMOWIDAGDO Endra Gunawan Fedik Abdul Rantam Ferdiansyah Ferdiansyah Ferry Effendi Ganden Supriyanto Hadi U Hamidah - Hening Laswati Putra Indrati, Agnes R. Irine Normalina, Irine Irma Yuliawati, Irma Johana E. Prawitasari Juniastuti Juniastuti Khairunisa, Siti Khairunisa, Siti Q. Lilis Mundri Jannah, Lilis Mundri M. Qushay, M. Maria Inge Lusida Masanori Kameoka, Masanori Maskoep, Wiwiek Indriyani Mei Wulan, Sri Mardjiati Meilani Meilani, Meilani Muhammad Qushai Y. Matondang, Muhammad Qushai Y. Muhammad Qushai Yunifiar M, Muhammad Qushai Muhammad Vitanata Arfijanto, Muhammad Vitanata Musofa Rusli Ni Kadek Mulyantari Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih Nur Syamsiatul Fajar, Nur Syamsiatul Nurlaila Effendy Nuzul Qur'aniati Prihartini Widiyanti Purwaningsih - Purwati - Purwati Purwati Rachman, Brian E. Rachman, Brian Eka Rahayu Anggraini Rahmat Zainuddin, Rahmat Retno Indrawati Roestamadji Retno Pudji Rahayu Ririek Parwitasari, Ririek Rudi Wisaksana Rury Mega, Rury Shuhei Ueda, Shuhei Siregar, Fajri M. Siti Qamariyah Khairunisa, Siti Qamariyah Siti Qomariyah Khairunisa, Siti Qomariyah SOETJIPTO . Soewandojo E Suharto - Suryono Suryono Thomas Dicky Hastjarjo, Thomas Dicky Tigor Yeheskiel, Tigor Tjahjono, Ganis Tomohiro Kotaki, Tomohiro Triyono EA Ulfa Kholili Usman Hadi Yayuk Susilawati, Yayuk Yulia Ismail Yulia Sari Ismail