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IMPLEMENTASI SPM LAYANAN GAWAT DARURAT RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DI INDONESIA : LITERATURE REVIEW Eryani, Yesti Mulia; Pujiyanto, Pujiyanto
Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): JUNI 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jkt.v6i2.45363

Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) kesehatan perseorangan adalah ketentuan mengenai jenis dan mutu pelayanan dasar kesehatan yang harus diberikan kepada masyarakat. Indikator SPM pada layanan gawat darurat tersebut terdiri dari indikator kemampuan menangani life saving anak dan dewasa, jam buka pelayanan gawat darurat, pemberi pelayanan gawat darurat yang bersertifikat yang masih berlaku, ketersediaan tim penanggulangan bencana, waktu tanggap pelayanan dokter di gawat darurat, kepuasan pelanggan, kematian pasien <24 jam dan tidak adanya pasien yang diharuskan membayar uang muka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hal-hal yang mempengaruhi ketercapaian indikator SPM pada layanan gawat darurat yang ditetapkan Permenkes sehingga dapat membantu rumah sakit dalam melakukan pengawasan, pengendalian dan penilaian dengan lebih baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan metode PRISMA. Pencarian artikel dalam rentang waktu 2014-2024 menggunakan database Google Scholar dan Indonesia OneSearch sebagai database utama dengan kata kunci analisis, standar pelayanan minimal, gawat darurat dan rumah sakit. Sebagian besar rumah sakit saat ini belum memenuhi seluruh indikator SPM yang ada, dari 8 indikator terdapat indikator yang sudah dipenuhi oleh seluruh rumah sakit yaitu jam buka pelayanan gawat darurat dan tidak adanya pasien yang diharuskan membayar uang muka. Sedangkan 6 indikator lain masih belum dapat dipenuhi oleh seluruh rumah sakit dan beberapa rumah sakit belum melakukan pengukuran terhadap indikator tersebut. Dari 8 indikator SPM, belum sepenuhnya rumah sakit melaksanakan sesuai standar yang ada dan mengindikasikan mutu pelayanan IGD belum maksimal serta belum semua rumah sakit melakukan pengukuran dan pelaporan mengenai SPM ini.

Analysis Of Waiting Time For Scheduling Elective Surgery For Oncology Patients : Literature Review Setyawati, Devi; Pujiyanto, Pujiyanto
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i6.2555

Scheduling of elective surgery in oncology surgery patients is an important factor in determining the effectiveness of services and clinical outcomes. This paper aims to review the analysis of waiting time for elective surgery in oncology patients based on a literature review of the ProQuest, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Article selection was carried out using PICOS-based inclusion criteria and the PRISMA method. The review results showed that there was a variation in waiting time based on the type of cancer, with breast cancer patients generally having shorter waiting times than colorectal or cervical cancer. The implementation of a structured scheduling system has been shown to be effective in reducing waiting times by 15–30% compared to conventional scheduling, as well as improving patient satisfaction and experience. Factors such as multidisciplinary team collaboration, utilization of information technology, and operating room management are key to successful scheduling. However, challenges such as limited resources and system adaptation are still found. This review emphasizes the importance of optimizing the scheduling system to accelerate access to surgery and improve outcomes for oncology surgery patients.

IMPLEMENTATION OF HYBRID PLTS AND ELECTRIC BIKES AS AN EFFORT TOWARD GO GREEN TOURISM ON NGIROBOYO BEACH PACITAN Apsari, Retna; Nugraha, Yoga Uta; Megantoro, Prisma; Nurhidayati, Sri Endah; Pujiyanto, Pujiyanto; Samian, Samian; Supadi, Supadi; Firdauz, Grace Constella Anastasya; Na’imah, Syahidatun
Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL LAYANAN MASYARAKAT
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/.v9i3.2025.329-340

Ngiroboyo Beach in Pacitan Regency has great potential as a tourist destination because of its natural beauty. In addition to having a distinctive sea panorama and black sand, this beach also has interesting geothermal potential to be developed. The potential of Ngiroboyo Beach, which has not been widely explored, has led to this community service program being carried out to develop geothermal tourism destinations based on renewable energy, with a focus on increasing access to environmentally friendly electricity and improving tourism facilities. The stages of the activity include socialization, training, and mentoring for tourism awareness groups (Pokdarwis) regarding the use of renewable energy through the installation of hybrid PLTS and electric bicycles. The installed hybrid PLTS can produce an electricity capacity of around 400 Watts at peak lighting, as a concrete result of the implementation of this program. The electricity generated through the hybrid PLTS can be used for electricity loads for lights and sound systems to support tourism activities. The training was conducted to strengthen the capacity of the community in managing tourism facilities based on renewable energy. The evaluation results showed a positive response from the participants, who expressed high satisfaction with the implementation of the program. This program is expected to be the first step in promoting the concept of sustainable tourism in Pacitan Regency and supporting sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially in the fields of clean energy and sustainable infrastructure.

Akses Pelayanan Pasien Kusta: Literatur Review Taqwim, Ahmad Ahsan; Pujiyanto, Pujiyanto
Journal Of Health Science (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan) Vol 6 No 2 (2021): JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE (JURNAL ILMU KESEHATAN) (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24929/jik.v6i2.1458

Pencarian pengobatan dan kaitannya terhadap akses pelayanan kesehatan juga masih menjadi tantangan dalam pemberantasan kusta. Peningkatan akses ke layanan kesehatan dikaitkan dengan peningkatan tingkat deteksi di beberapa daerah. Penurunan jumlah kasus baru terjadi secara bertahap dan seragam selama 10 tahun terakhir, baik secara global maupun di wilayah WHO. Kuman penyebab kusta adalah Mycobacterium leprae yang ditemukan oleh G. A. Hansen pada tahun 1873 di Norwegia. Tujuan: Mengetahui akses pelayanan pada pasien kusta. Metode Penelitian: Pada Literatur pencarian dilakukan pembatasan tahun publikasi 5 tahun terakhir, 2016-2020. Artikel pencarian dilakukan pada data base di Science Direct,Pubmed dan Goggle Cendekia dengan kata kunci dalam Bahasa inggris yang digunakan "LEPROSY?" AND " ACCESS TO HEALTH ". Untuk Bahasa Indonesia menggunakan kata kunci “Kusta?” DAN “Akses Pelayanan”. Review Artikel disesuaikan dengan kriteria Inklusi. Hasil: Ketersedian akses pelayanan Kesehatan terhadap pasien kusta tidak hanya dipengaruhi antara jarak rumah pasien kusta terhadap pelayanan kesehatan,terdapat kendala yang lain untuk mencapai akses pelayanan yaitu adanya stigma masyarakat terhadap pasien kusta. Kesimpulan: Akses pelayanan kesehatan akan menjadi kendala ketika jarak geografis rumah penderita kusta jauh dari fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, walaupun secara statistik, akses pelayanan kesehatan tidak ada pengaruh terhadap pencarian pengobatan, kepatuhan minum obat dan kejadian kusta.

Development of Try Out Questions for Teacher Professional Education for Teachers in Certain Fields of Study in Fine Arts iriaji, iriaji; pujiyanto, pujiyanto
EDUTEC : Journal of Education And Technology Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : STAI Miftahul Ula Nganjuk

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29062/fewhbm03

The development of tryout questions for the Teacher Professional Education in the field of Fine Arts is of high urgency because the quality of the questions greatly determines the participants predicted success in facing the Student Competency Test. This study aims to develop valid and reliable tryout instruments through a Research and Development (R&D) approach with psychometric procedures, including planning, writing, reviewing, and testing 35 questions (25 simple multiple choice and 10 complex multiple choice) to 87 students. Analysis was conducted on the level of difficulty, discrimination power, distractor effectiveness, validity, and reliability. The results showed that the distribution of questions was not ideal, with a dominance of easy questions, few difficult questions, and low discrimination variation. Of the total items, 18 could be used without revision, 9 needed revision, and 8 were discarded. Validity showed that 20 questions were classified as good, while 15 were not yet valid, and the overall reliability of the test was high (? = 0.835). These findings confirm that although the instrument has high reliability, the quality of the items still requires significant revision to meet psychometric standards. Thus, the developed instrument has the potential to be an effective predictive tool for the readiness of Fine Arts students, while also contributing to improving the quality of teacher professional education assessment in Indonesia.

Faktor Sosio Ekonomi yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antihipertensi Pujiyanto, Pujiyanto
Kesmas Vol. 3, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang banyak diderita penduduk dengan kecenderungan meningkat seiring bertambahnya umur. Dengan bertambahnya umur harapan hidup maka dimasa depan hipertensi akan menjadi masalah kesehatan yang serius. Salah satu upaya mengatasi hipertensi adalah dengan minum obat antihipertensi. Keteraturan meminum obat ditentukan oleh kepatuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi pengaruh faktor sosio-ekonomi terhadap kepatuhan minum obat. Jenis penelitian adalah studi kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam. Informan adalah penderita hipertensi yang tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Beji Kota Depok, berjumlah 8 orang meliputi kategori lansia/non lansia dan laki-laki/perempuan. Wawancara dilakukan di rumah informan pada minggu pertama dan kedua Juni 2007. Rekaman wawancara dibuat transkrip dan dianalisis dengan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap patuh dan tidak patuh dalam berobat bisa muncul saling bergantian. Seluruh informan, selain mengkonsumsi obat modern, ternyata juga minum obat tradisional dari beragam tumbuhan obat dengan beragam cara membuatnya. Faktor motivasi berperan penting dalam kepatuhan minum obat. Motivasi positif memiliki efek terhadap kepatuhan minum obat yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan motivasi negatif. Sikap caring anggota keluarga juga berperan penting dalam kepatuhan minum obat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan agar tenaga medis dan paramedis memotivasi anggota keluarga penderita hipertensi sebagai motivator minum obat, melakukan studi khasiat obat tradisional yang mencakup kandungan zat aktif obat dan cara pembuatan yang tepat serta efek interaksi pemakaian secara bersama-sama obat antihipertensi modern dan tradisional, dan melanjutkan program Askeskin/Jamkesmas untuk mencegah terjadinya unmet need obat antihipertensi pada orang miskin. Hypertension is a degenerative disease suffered by many people and the trends was raised as the increased of people age. In the future this disease will be a serious health problem due to the increase of life expectancy. There is an effective method to cope the hypertension by taking anti-hypertensive medicine but the regularity of its consumption depends on the compliance. The study objective was to elaborate the influence of socio-economic and cultural factors toward compliance. The research design was qualitative study and the data was gathered by indepth interview. Informen were hypertensive persons who reside in the working area of Beji Health Center, the City of Depok, consist of 8 persons including aged/non aged and male/female. The interview was conducted at the informant house on the first and second of June 2007. Then the transcript of the interview analyzed used the content analysis. Study result showed that the compliance (i.e. complied or not complied) was substitutable. All informen consumed the modern and traditional medicine simultaneously. The traditional one was made from various plants and the way he/she produced it was vary too. We discover the importance of motivation to the compliance. Positive motivation have stronger effect to the compliance as compared to the negative one. Also, family member caring was crucial to the compliance. Depends on the analyses there are some recommendation i.e. any medical and paramedical should suggest the family member of hypertensive patient to be a motivator, conducted a research to comprehend the benefit of traditional medicine including the active substance and the method of produced it effectively and the interaction effects of the use of modern and traditional antihypertensive medicine simultaneously, and to avoid the unmet need to the modern antihypertensive medicine of the poor the government should continued the health insurance program for the poor (Askeskin/Jamkesmas).

The Demands for Outpatient Care in Private Hospitals Pujiyanto, Pujiyanto
Kesmas Vol. 7, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Peningkatan pendapatan per kapita menaikkan permintaan rawat jalan dan harapan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. Masyarakat memiliki persepsi pelayanan rumah sakit swasta lebih bermutu daripada rumah sakit pemerintah, sehingga terdapat asumsi pelanggan rumah sakit swasta mempunyai karakteristik khusus. Tujuan studi ini adalah menginvestigasi berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan utilisasi rawat jalan dan kelompok yang mendapat manfaat. Studi ini menggunakan 42.540 responden rumah sakit swasta IFLS-4 tahun 2007. Semakin tinggi pendapatan semakin tinggi pula permintaan, kelompok jaminan/asuransi mempunyai permintaan yang lebih tinggi daripada non-jaminan. Kenaikan tarif rawat jalan rumah sakit swasta yang dipersepsi masyarakat sebagai barang mewah meningkatkan permintaan. Namun, kenaikan tarif rawat jalan rumah sakit pemerintah tidak memengaruhi permintaan rawat jalan rumah sakit swasta. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan karakteristik pasien rumah sakit swasta yang berbeda dari rumah sakit pemerintah. Kelompok kaya mendapatkan manfaat rawat jalan rumah sakit swasta lebih besar daripada kelompok miskin. Untuk mengoreksi keadaan ini pemerintah perlu menegakkan peraturan menteri kesehatan tentang fungsi sosial rumah sakit. Improvement of per capita income will boost the demand for outpatient care and lead enhanced expectation of service quality of hospital. People perceived that private hospital has better services than public hospital. Based on these, we assumed that private hospital users have particular characteristics. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with utilization of private hospitals for outpatient care and who get the benefits, the rich or the poor. This study used data of 42,540 respondents from IFLS-4 collected in 2007. Analyses showed the higher the income the higher the demand. Insured’s groups have higher demand than uninsured. Demand analyses revealed that increased price of private hospital caused higher demand. This evidence indicated that outpatient care of private hospital was perceived as luxuries goods. However increased price of public hospital did not influence the demand of private hospital. It is indicate that private hospital has different type with patients of public hospital. It means that the two types of hospital comprise different segment of patients. The rich benefited more outpatient care in private hospital than the poor. It implies that the government should enforced Ministry of Health’s regulation on hospital social function.

The Effect of Health Insurance on Institutional Delivery in Indonesia Mukhlisa, Mazda Novi; Pujiyanto, Pujiyanto
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Pemanfaatan pelayanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan berdampak pada menurunnya angka kematian ibu (AKI). Di Indonesia, persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, tetapi masih terdapat sekitar 30% ibu yang bersalin di rumah. Sayangnya, peningkatan pemanfaatan pelayanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan penurunan AKI, sehingga Indonesia tidak berhasil mencapai target MDGs. Untuk mencapai Universal Health Coverage, Indonesia mengimplementasikan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) yang mengintegrasikan empat jaminan kesehatan, yaitu Askes/ASABRI, Jamsostek, Jamkesmas, dan Jamkesda. Jaminan kesehatan dapat mengatasi kendala biaya pada persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan. Dengan menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013 dan data Potensi Desa 2011 sebagai sumber data, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bahwa kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan meningkatkan pemanfaatan pelayanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 39.942 perempuan berusia 15-49 tahun yang melahirkan anak terakhir dalam periode waktu 2010-2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ekonometri dengan model estimasi probit dan bivariat probit untuk mengestimasi efek jaminan kesehatan dengan mempertimbangkan isu endogenitas pada jaminan kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan meningkatkan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan sebesar 39,52%. Sebagai kesimpulan, ibu yang memiliki jaminan kesehatan akan lebih memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan saat persalinan dibandingkan dengan ibu yang tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan. Institutional delivery has an impact on the decline in maternal mortality rate. In Indonesia, institutional delivery increases every year, but there are still 30%-37% mothers who deliver at home. Unfortunately, the increase is not in line with maternal mortality reduction, so that Indonesia does not achieve the fifth MDGs goal. To achieve Universal Health Coverage, Indonesia implements National Health Insurance (NHI). NHI integrates four types of health insurance, namely Askes/ASABRI, Jamsostek, Jamkesmas and Jamkesda. One of its benefits is maternal health services. Health insurance can address financial barriers on delivery in health facility. By using secondary data of National Basic Health Research 2013 and Village Potential 2011 data, this study aimed to analyze effect of health insurance on institutional delivery in Indonesia. Samples were 39,942 women aged 15-49 years old who gave birth to their last child during 2010-2013. The study used econometric approach by applying probit and bivariate probit as estimation model to estimate the effect with consideration to endogeneity issue of health insurance. The results found that health insurance was likely to increase institutional delivery by 39.52%. In conclusion, women who have health insurance prefer to deliver birth at health facility compared to those who do not have health insurance.

The Effect of Health Insurance on Institutional Delivery in Indonesia Mukhlisa, Mazda Novi; Pujiyanto, Pujiyanto
Kesmas Vol. 12, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Pemanfaatan pelayanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan berdampak pada menurunnya angka kematian ibu (AKI). Di Indonesia, persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, tetapi masih terdapat sekitar 30% ibu yang bersalin di rumah. Sayangnya, peningkatan pemanfaatan pelayanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan penurunan AKI, sehingga Indonesia tidak berhasil mencapai target MDGs. Untuk mencapai Universal Health Coverage, Indonesia mengimplementasikan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) yang mengintegrasikan empat jaminan kesehatan, yaitu Askes/ASABRI, Jamsostek, Jamkesmas, dan Jamkesda. Jaminan kesehatan dapat mengatasi kendala biaya pada persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan. Dengan menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013 dan data Potensi Desa 2011 sebagai sumber data, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bahwa kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan meningkatkan pemanfaatan pelayanan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 39.942 perempuan berusia 15-49 tahun yang melahirkan anak terakhir dalam periode waktu 2010-2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ekonometri dengan model estimasi probit dan bivariat probit untuk mengestimasi efek jaminan kesehatan dengan mempertimbangkan isu endogenitas pada jaminan kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan meningkatkan persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan sebesar 39,52%. Sebagai kesimpulan, ibu yang memiliki jaminan kesehatan akan lebih memanfaatkan fasilitas kesehatan saat persalinan dibandingkan dengan ibu yang tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan. Institutional delivery has an impact on the decline in maternal mortality rate. In Indonesia, institutional delivery increases every year, but there are still 30%-37% mothers who deliver at home. Unfortunately, the increase is not in line with maternal mortality reduction, so that Indonesia does not achieve the fifth MDGs goal. To achieve Universal Health Coverage, Indonesia implements National Health Insurance (NHI). NHI integrates four types of health insurance, namely Askes/ASABRI, Jamsostek, Jamkesmas and Jamkesda. One of its benefits is maternal health services. Health insurance can address financial barriers on delivery in health facility. By using secondary data of National Basic Health Research 2013 and Village Potential 2011 data, this study aimed to analyze effect of health insurance on institutional delivery in Indonesia. Samples were 39,942 women aged 15-49 years old who gave birth to their last child during 2010-2013. The study used econometric approach by applying probit and bivariate probit as estimation model to estimate the effect with consideration to endogeneity issue of health insurance. The results found that health insurance was likely to increase institutional delivery by 39.52%. In conclusion, women who have health insurance prefer to deliver birth at health facility compared to those who do not have health insurance.

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